“My Life\u27s Work Is to End White Supremacy”: Perspectives of a Black Feminist Human Rights Educator

This article highlights the contributions and thinking of scholar and activist Loretta Ross on the intersection of human rights, Black feminism and education for liberation. This essay is organized into themes, drawing from Ross’ writings, scholarship that discusses her contributions, and an hour-long conversation between Ross and Monisha Bajaj, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Human Rights Education. Ross explores her own history and introduction to the human rights movement, her radical re-shaping of the field of reproductive justice, and her vision for human rights education after more than five decades of advancing it through her many books and other writings, advocacy, and grassroots activism

A study on the effectivness of Guggulu based Karaveera Ksharasutra in comparison with Apamarga Ksharasutra in the management of Shalyaja Nadivrana w.s.r. to Pilonidal Sinus

Shalyaja Nadivrana is of Agantuja Vranabedha. Nidana Panchaka is described in Sushruta Samhita Nidhana and Chikitsa Sthana. Presence of “Shalya” is hindering factor for healing. Management of Nadivrana includes Ksharasutra ligation. Pilonidal sinus is acquired sinus occurring in young hirsute men’s commonly seen at intergluteal cleft caused by hair penetrating the skin resulting in Pilonidal abscess which gradually forms into sinus with presence of “Hair” leading to wound discharge. It is one of the troublesome diseases which doesn’t respond to medical management till hair is evacuated. The current surgical procedures adopted have surgical risk and recurrence as well. Guggulu and Karaveera is abundantly available and can be preserved easily for long time. Hence can be used as substitute to the standard Ksharasutra. The present study “A study on the effectiveness of Guggulu based Karaveera Ksharasutra in comparison with Apamarga Ksharasutra in the management of Shalyaja Nadivrana w.s.r. to Pilonidal Sinus”was conducted in SJIIM hospital Bengaluru with 40 patients randomly allotted into 2 groups namely - Group A and Group B. Assessment was done based on subjective parameters like (pain, discharge) and objective parameters like (length of tract, tenderness). Observation was done before treatment and on every 7th day till tract is completely cut and healed. Assessment of Pain, discharge, length of tract and tenderness in Group-A showed 100%, 100%, 100% and 100% improvement and in Group-B showed 97.92%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively. UCT in Group-A is 6.58% and Group-B is 9.15%. Overall results of group A and B is 100% and 99.5% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the effectiveness of Guggulu based Karaveera Ksharasutra in Shalyaja Nadivrana is as effective as Apamarga Ksharasutra w.s.r. to pilonidal sinus

CHARACTERIZATION AND HYPOGLYCEMIC STUDY OF ISOLATED NATURAL POLYMER FROM THE STEM OF MANILKARA HEXANDRA (ROXB.) DUBARD

Objective: In the present study, the isolated natural polymer from the stem of Manilkara hexandra and their physiochemical parameters were investigated. It is further involved in hypoglycemic studies. Methods: The gum exudates were screened for phytochemicals, physicochemically analyzed for solubility, pH, total ash, moisture content, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulfated ash, flow property, and it is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies (13Carbon and 1Proton) and it was examined in vitro studies by hypoglycaemic activity. Results: The isolated gum extracted from the stem of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard ash values were found to be low. The gum is found to be hygroscopic in nature due to its high moisture content (0.9131±0.03). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra show relevant functional groups for gum, which is further confirmed by resonance spectral studies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the gum is amorphous as well as crystalline in nature. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image confirms that the gum particles have irregular size and shape. Sugar composition analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of rhamnose, arabinose. The in vitro study of hypoglycemic activity shows the best report compared with the standard. The experimental evidence offers scope to use this natural polymer in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion: The isolated natural polymer shows good result in hypoglycemic studies compared with standard

PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT AMONG MEDICOS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS

Objective: The reason of the study was to evaluate the complications of obesity in medical students by assessing the impacts of clinical outcome.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, the prevalence of obesity has been observed in medicos through questionnaire form, on the basis of clinicalhistory involving inactivity, stress, unhealthy diet, familial, appetite, sleep pattern, and metabolic disorder, also the body mass index (BMI) is calculatedfor the respective medical students.Results: The occurrence of obesity as a result of high-calorie diet, inactivity, and all the above-mentioned conditions will enhance the complicationsof obesity. This study revealed that the complications were highly due to unhealthy diet for male and inactivity for female students. Hence, thepredominance of obesity in male medicos was found out to be 2.5% and that of overweight was 4%. The overall prevalence was 6.5%, whereas thepredominance of obesity in female medicos was found out to be 2% and that of overweight was 4.25%. The overall prevalence was 6.25%. Our findingsshowed the equivalent prevalence of obese and overweight in both male and female students.Conclusion: The study confirmed the general impression that there is a significant amount of obesity among the medical students. Accumulatingevidence indicates that obesity is an increased prevalence and lead to various complications as stated in the medical literature. Obesity is a risk factorfor coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and chronic illness. It occurs primarily due to the lack of physical exercise and to a lesser extent, dueto a decrease in the basal metabolic rate and altered BMI affecting the body fitness. Therefore, regular physical activity (exercise and yoga) is requiredfor the young medicos which will help to control their stress and BMI, which may prevent the complications of obesity.Keywords: Complications, Medical students, Obesity, Overweight

Impact of medication and psychological behaviour assessment by community pharmacists in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after hospital stay

Drug related problem (DRPs) is a key factor which will affect the outcome of therapy and safety. The aim of the present study is to assess the DRPs in T2DM patients and psychological aspects of patients by community pharmacists to observe the rate of DRP. Prospective randomized controlled intervention study involved T2DM patients and conducted in two community pharmacies at Kanpur from January 2012 to December 2012. The assessment of DRPs was based on the PCNE. Changes in HBA1C, LDL, BP, foot examinations, changes medical and medication utilization were studied. Using as control group, received usual care, and interventional group provided, intervened with use of the STG. Researcher provided the knowledge to community pharmacists and patients. Baseline and interventional data were collected at 0,3,6,9 and 12 months. Over 12 month study, participants’ average HBA1C reduced from 8.9% at initial visit to 7.5%. During this time, the eye examination rate was raised from 31% to 48%, and the foot examination rate was raised from 35% to 50%. It may be concluded that the intervention of pharmacists showed very less significant influence on any of the intermediate health outcomes in T2DM.Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Drug related problems , PCNE classification, Medication review, Psychological behavior

ISOLATION OF 2-CHLOROBENZIMIDAZOLE FROM MELIA DUBIA LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION

Objective: Natural products from medicinal plants, either as isolated compounds or as standardized plant extracts exhibit promising source of medicinal activity against various diseases. The aim of the present work was to make an attempt of isolation of bioactive principle and characterization of the isolated compound, from the medicinal plant Melia dubaiMethods: The extraction was done by a cold percolation method and the compound was separated and isolated by chromatography technique such as a thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compound was crystallized and the structural characterization of the isolated compound was made using UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS and MS techniques which confirmed the structure of the isolated compound.Results: The separated and isolated compound was characterized by both physical and spectral methods like Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Mass spectrometry(MS). Based on the studies, organizational characteristics of one bioactive principle were deciphered. The results revealed that the isolated species is 2-chlorobenzimidazole and it agreed well with the reported value and spectra for 2-chlorobenzimidazole.Conclusion: The above results obtained in this research work clearly indicated the promising occurrence of 2-chlorobenzimidazole in Media dubia plant leaves. The future scope of these studies may guide us to view the biological activity of the isolated compound

TcI isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi exploit the antioxidant network for enhanced intracellular survival in macrophages and virulence in mice

Trypanosoma cruzi species is categorized into six discrete typing units (TcI to TcVI) of which TcI is most abundantly noted in the sylvatic transmission cycle and considered the major cause of human disease. In our study, the TcI strains Colombiana (COL), SylvioX10/4 (SYL), and a cultured clone (TCC) exhibited different biological behavior in a murine model, ranging from high parasitemia and symptomatic cardiomyopathy (SYL), mild parasitemia and high tissue tropism (COL), to no pathogenicity (TCC). Proteomic profiling of the insect (epimastigote) and infective (trypomastigote) forms by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/ matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, followed by functional annotation of the differential proteome data sets (≥2-fold change, P<0.05), showed that several proteins involved in (i) cytoskeletal assembly and remodeling, essential for flagellar wave frequency and amplitude and forward motility of the parasite, and (ii) the parasite-specific antioxidant network were enhanced in COL and SYL (versus TCC) trypomastigotes. Western blotting confirmed the enhanced protein levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidases and their substrate (tryparedoxin) and iron superoxide dismutase in COL and SYL (versus TCC) trypomastigotes. Further, COL and SYL (but not TCC) were resistant to exogenous treatment with stable oxidants (H2O2 and peroxynitrite [ONOO-]) and dampened the intracellular superoxide and nitric oxide response in macrophages, and thus these isolates escaped from macrophages. Our findings suggest that protein expression conducive to increase in motility and control of macrophage-derived free radicals provides survival and persistence benefits to TcI isolates of T. cruzi.Fil: Zago, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Hosakote, Yashoda M.. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Koo, Sue Jie. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Dhiman, Monisha. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Piñeyro, María Dolores. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo. Unidad de Biología Molecular; Uruguay. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Parodi­ Talice, Adriana. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo. Unidad de Biología Molecular; Uruguay. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Basombrío, Miguel Ángel Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Robello, Carlos. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo. Unidad de Biología Molecular; Uruguay. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Garg, Nisha J.. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados Unido