621 research outputs found
Scale Dependence of the Retarded van der Waals Potential
We study the ground state energy for a system of two hydrogen atoms coupled
to the quantized Maxwell field in the limit together with the
relative distance between the atoms increasing as , . In particular we determine explicitly the crossover function from the
van der Waals potential to the retarded van der Waals
potential, which takes place at scale .Comment: 19 page
Kramers degeneracy theorem in nonrelativistic QED
Degeneracy of the eigenvalues of the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian with spin 1/2 is
proven by the Kramers degeneracy theorem. The Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian at fixed
total momentum is also investigated.Comment: LaTex, 11 page
Exponential localization of hydrogen-like atoms in relativistic quantum electrodynamics
We consider two different models of a hydrogenic atom in a quantized
electromagnetic field that treat the electron relativistically. The first one
is a no-pair model in the free picture, the second one is given by the
semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian. We prove that the no-pair operator
is semi-bounded below and that its spectral subspaces corresponding to energies
below the ionization threshold are exponentially localized. Both results hold
true, for arbitrary values of the fine-structure constant, , and the
ultra-violet cut-off, , and for all nuclear charges less than the
critical charge without radiation field, . We obtain
similar results for the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz operator, again for all
values of and and for nuclear charges less than .Comment: 37 page
A New Integer Linear Programming Formulation to the Inverse QSAR/QSPR for Acyclic Chemical Compounds Using Skeleton Trees
33rd International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan, September 22-25, 2020.Computer-aided drug design is one of important application areas of intelligent systems. Recently a novel method has been proposed for inverse QSAR/QSPR using both artificial neural networks (ANN) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP), where inverse QSAR/QSPR is a major approach for drug design. This method consists of two phases: In the first phase, a feature function f is defined so that each chemical compound G is converted into a vector f(G) of several descriptors of G, and a prediction function ψ is constructed with an ANN so that ψ(f(G)) takes a value nearly equal to a given chemical property π for many chemical compounds G in a data set. In the second phase, given a target value y∗ of the chemical property π , a chemical structure G∗ is inferred in the following way. An MILP M is formulated so that M admits a feasible solution (x∗, y∗) if and only if there exist vectors x∗, y∗ and a chemical compound G∗ such that ψ(x∗)=y∗ and f(G∗)=x∗. The method has been implemented for inferring acyclic chemical compounds. In this paper, we propose a new MILP for inferring acyclic chemical compounds by introducing a novel concept, skeleton tree, and conducted computational experiments. The results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the existing method when the diameter of graphs is up to around 6 to 8. For an instance for inferring acyclic chemical compounds with 38 non-hydrogen atoms from C, O and S and diameter 6, our method was 5×104 times faster
One-step isolation and biochemical characterization of a highlyactive plant PSII monomeric core
We describe a one-step detergent solubilization protocol for isolating a highly active form of Photosystem II (PSII) from Pisum sativum L. Detailed characterization of the preparation showed that the complex was a monomer having no light harvesting proteins attached. This core reaction centre complex had, however, a range of low molecular mass intrinsic proteins as well as the chlorophyll binding proteins CP43 and CP47 and the reaction centre proteins D1 and D2. Of particular note was the presence of a stoichiometric level of PsbW, a low molecular weight protein not present in PSII of cyanobacteria. Despite the high oxygen evolution rate, the core complex did not retain the PsbQ extrinsic protein although there was close to a full complement of PsbO and PsbR and partial level of PsbP. However, reconstitution of PsbP and PsbPQ was possible. The presence of PsbP in absence of LHCII and other chlorophyll a/b binding proteins confirms that LHCII proteins are not a strict requirement for the assembly of this extrinsic polypeptide to the PSII core in contrast with the conclusion of Caffarri et al. (2009)
The mass shell in the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model
We consider the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model for a single free
electron interacting with the quantized radiation field. Employing a variant of
Pizzo's iterative analytic perturbation theory we construct a sequence of
ground state eigenprojections of infra-red cutoff, dressing transformed fiber
Hamiltonians and prove its convergence, as the cutoff goes to zero. Its limit
is the ground state eigenprojection of a certain Hamiltonian unitarily
equivalent to a renormalized fiber Hamiltonian acting in a coherent state
representation space. The ground state energy is an exactly two-fold degenerate
eigenvalue of the renormalized Hamiltonian, while it is not an eigenvalue of
the original fiber Hamiltonian unless the total momentum is zero. These results
hold true, for total momenta inside a ball about zero of arbitrary radius p>0,
provided that the coupling constant is sufficiently small depending on p and
the ultra-violet cutoff. Along the way we prove twice continuous
differentiability and strict convexity of the ground state energy as a function
of the total momentum inside that ball.Comment: 44 page
Atom-wall dispersive forces: a microscopic approach
We present a study of atom-wall interactions in non-relativistic quantum
electrodynamics by functional integral methods. The Feynman-Kac path integral
representation is generalized to the case when the particle interacts with a
radiation field, providing an additional effective potential that contains all
the interactions induced by the field. We show how one can retrieve the
standard van der Waals, Casimir-Polder and classical Lifshiftz forces in this
formalism for an atom in its ground state. Moreover, when electrostatic
interactions are screened in the medium, we find low temperature corrections
that are not included in the Lifshitz theory of fluctuating forces and are
opposite to them.Comment: 4 figure
Large Scale Application of Neural Network Based Semantic Role Labeling for Automated Relation Extraction from Biomedical Texts
To reduce the increasing amount of time spent on literature search in the life sciences, several methods for automated knowledge extraction have been developed. Co-occurrence based approaches can deal with large text corpora like MEDLINE in an acceptable time but are not able to extract any specific type of semantic relation. Semantic relation extraction methods based on syntax trees, on the other hand, are computationally expensive and the interpretation of the generated trees is difficult. Several natural language processing (NLP) approaches for the biomedical domain exist focusing specifically on the detection of a limited set of relation types. For systems biology, generic approaches for the detection of a multitude of relation types which in addition are able to process large text corpora are needed but the number of systems meeting both requirements is very limited. We introduce the use of SENNA (“Semantic Extraction using a Neural Network Architecture”), a fast and accurate neural network based Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) program, for the large scale extraction of semantic relations from the biomedical literature. A comparison of processing times of SENNA and other SRL systems or syntactical parsers used in the biomedical domain revealed that SENNA is the fastest Proposition Bank (PropBank) conforming SRL program currently available. 89 million biomedical sentences were tagged with SENNA on a 100 node cluster within three days. The accuracy of the presented relation extraction approach was evaluated on two test sets of annotated sentences resulting in precision/recall values of 0.71/0.43. We show that the accuracy as well as processing speed of the proposed semantic relation extraction approach is sufficient for its large scale application on biomedical text. The proposed approach is highly generalizable regarding the supported relation types and appears to be especially suited for general-purpose, broad-scale text mining systems. The presented approach bridges the gap between fast, cooccurrence-based approaches lacking semantic relations and highly specialized and computationally demanding NLP approaches
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