Madres fumadoras y aterosclerosis prenatal.

La hipercolesterolemia y el tabaquismo son factores de riesgo ex\uf2genos reconocidos para el desarrollo de aterosclerosis. La historia natural de la aterosclerosis se basa principalmente en studios experimentales en animales mantenidos con una dieta alta en colesterol. La lesion fundamental es la infiltraci\uf2n lip\uecdica del tejido conectivo subendotelial de la intima y la subsecuente infiltraci\uf2n de c\ue8lulas con funciones reparadoras, principalmente monocitos y c\ue9llulas musculares lisas (CML). Sobre la base de estudios epidemiol\uf2gicos se sabe que el tabaquismo es uno de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Psoriasis and cardiovascular risk: Immune-mediated crosstalk between metabolic, vascular and autoimmune inflammation

Introduction and background In the last few years, a substantial body of evidence indicates that cutaneous psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, underlying mechanism remains not completely understood. In this review we discuss the role of the immune system in the development of atherosclerosis, focusing on available data implicating the role of an enhanced immune-mediated proinflammatory status in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis diseases. Methods A systematic search was performed on Pubmed until November 2014, with preference to the sources published within the past 8 years, including epidemiological studies (prospective and retrospective); cross-sectional case–control studies and reviews. Articles were selected according critical associations using the following keywords: arthritis, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and psoriasis. These were combined with closely related keywords reflecting cardiovascular diseases: atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, intima media thickness, subclinical atherosclerosis, plaque, thrombosis, thrombus, fibrinolysis, coagulation, and reactive oxygen species. Both types of disease selected terms were separately combined with non-traditional (innate and adaptive pro and anti-inflammatory immune molecules and cells) and traditional (metabolic related conditions and molecules) cardiovascular risk factors. Results and conclusions Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis diseases illustrate that immune-mediated activated crossroads of inflammation beyond enhanced cardiovascular risk factors are the result of an interplay between different proatherogenic mediators derived from metabolic, vascular and autoimmune joint and skin inflamed target tissue. Consistent with this point of view, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis diseases offer an invaluable opportunity to reinforce our knowledge about atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Fil: Kolliker Frers, Rodolfo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital Gral.de Agudos "ramos Mejia"; ArgentinaFil: Bisoendial, R. J.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Montoya, S. F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital Gral.de Agudos "ramos Mejia"; ArgentinaFil: Kerzkerg, E.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital Gral.de Agudos "ramos Mejia"; ArgentinaFil: Castilla Lozano, Maria del Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Tak, P. P.. University Of Amsterdam; Países BajosFil: Milei, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Capani, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); Argentina. Universidad Arg."john F.kennedy"; Argentin

Prevalence, Clinical Staging and Risk for Blood-Borne Transmission of Chagas Disease among Latin American Migrants in Geneva, Switzerland

Chagas disease, a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a leading cause of cardiac and digestive tract disorders in Mexico, Central and South America. An increasing number of cases have recently been reported in North America and Europe due to international human migration, but data outside Latin America remains scarce. This study showed that Chagas disease is an emerging health problem in Switzerland, affecting a substantial proportion of Latin American migrants (13%). Persons at increased risk of infection were Bolivian, older than 35 years or had a mother infected with T. cruzi. Early signs of cardiac or digestive tract disease were found in one out of six infected patients. The risk of local transmission by blood transfusion or organ transplant was illustrated by the frequent willingness expressed by patients to donate blood or organs in Switzerland. The authors recommend the screening of persons at risk of infection and the diffusion of appropriate information to the medical community to increase awareness of this emerging health problem. Considering that affected persons frequently lack health insurance in Switzerland, a facilitated access to medical care is an important step towards better recognition and management of Chagas disease