137 research outputs found
Efficient Discovery of Expressive Multi-label Rules using Relaxed Pruning
Being able to model correlations between labels is considered crucial in
multi-label classification. Rule-based models enable to expose such
dependencies, e.g., implications, subsumptions, or exclusions, in an
interpretable and human-comprehensible manner. Albeit the number of possible
label combinations increases exponentially with the number of available labels,
it has been shown that rules with multiple labels in their heads, which are a
natural form to model local label dependencies, can be induced efficiently by
exploiting certain properties of rule evaluation measures and pruning the label
search space accordingly. However, experiments have revealed that multi-label
heads are unlikely to be learned by existing methods due to their
restrictiveness. To overcome this limitation, we propose a plug-in approach
that relaxes the search space pruning used by existing methods in order to
introduce a bias towards larger multi-label heads resulting in more expressive
rules. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach empirically and
show that it does not come with drawbacks in terms of training time or
predictive performance.Comment: Preprint version. To appear in Proceedings of the 22nd International
Conference on Discovery Science, 201
Simulador de Técnicas de Depuração Extra-Renal/Hemofiltração: Uso da Simulação para Treino no Manuseamento deste Dispositivo
Introdução: A simulação possibilita o ensino e treino de técnicas de suporte de vida complexas sem riscos para o doente. Até ao momento, as únicas opções de treino no manuseamento de terapêuticas de depuração extra-renal contínua (TDEC) eram a aprendizagem directa em doentes submetidos a esta técnica ou mediante observação dos efeitos da manipulação do circuito não conectado ao doente. Por este motivo foi elaborado um simulador de TDEC, usado em cursos de simulação realizados para treino de equipas de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP).
Objectivos: Analisar a performance e utilidade de um novo simulador que possibilita o controlo externo do dispositivo de TDEC, simulando "in situ" cenários que mimetizam condições de doentes tratados com TDEC.
Métodos: Foi criado um dispositivo que, uma vez conectado ao aparelho de TDEC, permite o controlo em tempo real de todas as pressões de hemofiltração, de acordo com as condições clínicas e acções dos participantes. Foram simulados diversos cenários e complicações possíveis em doentes submetidos a estas técnicas e avaliada a performance deste dispositivo "in vitro". A satisfação dos participantes foi avaliada mediante a aplicação de um inquérito.
Resultados: Foram realizados 4 cursos de TDEC de Maio de 2009 a Março de 2012. Incluídos 60 participantes, todos com experiência clínica prévia em UCIP. Realizados 32 cenários, abrangendo complicações relacionados com o cateter, coagulação dos filtros e ajuste inadequado dos parâmetros de hemofiltração. Nos cenários simulados, o dispositivo simulador permitiu, em tempo real, mudanças simples e rápidas nas pressões do monitor de TDEC e em resposta às atitudes tomadas pelos participantes para a sua resolução. Não foram registadas intercorrências relacionadas com disfunção do dispositivo.
Os participantes consideraram-no muito útil como ferramenta de aprendizagem activa, permitindo uma gestão realista das condições clínicas simuladas, com potencial impacto sobre a sua futura prática diária. Os instrutores consideraram-no fácil de manusear e realista.
Conclusões: Este simulador permite uma simulação mais fidedigna dos cenários de TDEC, resolvendo o problema da interferência do instrutor no cenário simulado. Este poderia melhorar as capacidades dos simuladores de alta fidelidade disponíveis e utilizar-se como uma ferramenta docente na formação de profissionais de saúde
Incidencia de tuberculosis osteoarticular en el área sanitaria del Hospital de León. 1997-2001
Introducción y objetivos: Nos proponemos en este trabajo estudiar la incidencia de tuberculosis en su forma osteoarticular en el área sanitaria del Hospital de León durante los años 1997 a 2001, ambos inclusive. Material y método: Dieciséis casos de tuberculosis osteoarticular confirmados por cultivo microbiológico y/o análisis anatomopatológico fueron incluidos. De ellos, cinco afectaron a columna vertebral, cuatro a rodilla y el resto a otras localizaciones más inusuales. Resultados: De las cinco columnas vertebrales afectadas, tres requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico para descomprimir y estabilizar. En una rodilla se realizó sinovectomía abierta y en otra por artroscopia. Se drenaron abscesos fríos en diferentes localizaciones. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento médico. Se reflejan los diferentes resultados, desde la restitución ad integrum hasta la anquilosis. Discusión y conclusiones: La incidencia de tuberculosis osteoarticular en nuestra área sanitaria en el periodo 1997-2001 fue del 2% al 4% de todos los cascos de tuberculosis. Hubo una alta incidencia de localizaciones inusuales (muñeca, codo, sacroilíaca).Introduction: Current issue is to study the incidence of osteoarticular tuberculosis, within the sanitary area of the Hospital of Leon. Material and Method: Sixteen cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis confirmed by culture and pathological analysis were included. Five of them involved the raquis and knee. Another cases in unusual local sites. Results: Three of five raquis were managed by decompression and stabilization. One knee was treated by open synovectomy and another one by arthroscopy synovectomy. Cold abscesses were drained in different sites. All cases were treated with drugs. Different results are showed since restitutio ad integrum to anquilosis. Discussion: Osteoarticular tuberculosis incidence in our sanitary area between 1997 to 2001 was 2% to 4%. There was a high incidence for unusual localizations (wrist, elbow and sacroiliaca joints)
Bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after bilateral neck dissection
María J Suárez-Fernández, Antonio Clariana-Martín, Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez, Esperanza Gutiérrez-Díaz, Teresa Gracia-García-MiguelOphthalmology Department, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, SpainPurpose: The risk of visual loss after nonocular surgeries is very low, between 0.2% and 4.5%. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, ischemic optic neuropathy has been reported mostly after spinal surgery (54.2%), followed by cardiac surgery and radical neck dissection (13.3%). It may occur in association with some conditions that include systemic hypotension, acute blood loss and hypovolemia.Case report: A 46-year-old woman, whose diagnosis was laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, complained of visual loss in her right eye two days after surgery (laryngectomy with bilateral radical neck dissection and left jugular ligature) and one day later in her left eye. The diagnosis was nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.Conclusion: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy related to nonocular surgery is usually bilateral and its prognosis is very poor, resulting in blindness or severe visual loss. Although rare, patients should be warned about this complication, which has a profound impact on quality of life, since no therapeutic measure, including correction of hypotension and anemia, seems to improve the prognosis of this complication.Keywords: ischemic optic neuropathy, visual loss, radical neck dissection, blood los
Ultrafast loss of lattice coherence in the light-induced structural phase transition of VO
In solids, the response of the lattice to photo-excitation is often described
by the inertial evolution on an impulsively modified potential energy surface
which leads to coherent motion. However, it remains unknown if vibrational
coherence is sustained through a phase transition, during which coupling
between modes can be strong and may lead to rapid loss of coherence. Here we
use coherent phonon spectroscopy to track lattice coherence in the structural
phase transition of VO. In both the low and high symmetry phases unique
coherent phonon modes are generated at low fluence. However, coherence is lost
when driving between the low and high symmetry phases. Our results suggest
non-inertial dynamics dominate during phase transition due to disorder and
multi-mode coupling.Comment: 4 figures and supplementary informatio
Genetic Algorithm to Evolve Ensembles of Rules for On-Line Scheduling on Single Machine with Variable Capacity
International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC (8th . 2019. Almería, Spain
Learning Interpretable Rules for Multi-label Classification
Multi-label classification (MLC) is a supervised learning problem in which,
contrary to standard multiclass classification, an instance can be associated
with several class labels simultaneously. In this chapter, we advocate a
rule-based approach to multi-label classification. Rule learning algorithms are
often employed when one is not only interested in accurate predictions, but
also requires an interpretable theory that can be understood, analyzed, and
qualitatively evaluated by domain experts. Ideally, by revealing patterns and
regularities contained in the data, a rule-based theory yields new insights in
the application domain. Recently, several authors have started to investigate
how rule-based models can be used for modeling multi-label data. Discussing
this task in detail, we highlight some of the problems that make rule learning
considerably more challenging for MLC than for conventional classification.
While mainly focusing on our own previous work, we also provide a short
overview of related work in this area.Comment: Preprint version. To appear in: Explainable and Interpretable Models
in Computer Vision and Machine Learning. The Springer Series on Challenges in
Machine Learning. Springer (2018). See
http://www.ke.tu-darmstadt.de/bibtex/publications/show/3077 for further
informatio
Exploiting Anti-monotonicity of Multi-label Evaluation Measures for Inducing Multi-label Rules
Exploiting dependencies between labels is considered to be crucial for
multi-label classification. Rules are able to expose label dependencies such as
implications, subsumptions or exclusions in a human-comprehensible and
interpretable manner. However, the induction of rules with multiple labels in
the head is particularly challenging, as the number of label combinations which
must be taken into account for each rule grows exponentially with the number of
available labels. To overcome this limitation, algorithms for exhaustive rule
mining typically use properties such as anti-monotonicity or decomposability in
order to prune the search space. In the present paper, we examine whether
commonly used multi-label evaluation metrics satisfy these properties and
therefore are suited to prune the search space for multi-label heads.Comment: Preprint version. To appear in: Proceedings of the Pacific-Asia
Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD) 2018. See
http://www.ke.tu-darmstadt.de/bibtex/publications/show/3074 for further
information. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.0005
Highly versatile cell-penetrating peptide loaded scaffold for efficient and localised gene delivery to multiple cell types: From development to application in tissue engineering
Gene therapy has recently come of age with seven viral vector-based therapies gaining regulatory approval in recent years. In tissue engineering, non-viral vectors are preferred over viral vectors, however, lower transfection efficiencies and difficulties with delivery remain major limitations hampering clinical translation. This study describes the development of a novel multi-domain cell-penetrating peptide, GET, designed to enhance cell interaction and intracellular translocation of nucleic acids; combined with a series of porous collagen-based scaffolds with proven regenerative potential for different indications. GET was capable of transfecting cell types from all three germ layers, including stem cells, with an efficiency comparable to Lipofectamine® 3000, without inducing cytotoxicity. When implanted in vivo, GET gene-activated scaffolds allowed for host cell infiltration, transfection localized to the implantation site and sustained, but transient, changes in gene expression – demonstrating both the efficacy and safety of the approach. Finally, GET carrying osteogenic (pBMP-2) and angiogenic (pVEGF) genes were incorporated into collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds and with a single 2μg dose of therapeutic pDNA, induced complete repair of critical-sized bone defects within 4 weeks. GET represents an exciting development in gene therapy and by combining it with a scaffold-based delivery system offers tissue engineering solutions for a myriad of regenerative indications
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