Reaction monitoring via benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A practical comparison of on-line stopped-flow and continuous-flow sampling methods

The ability for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to provide quantitative, structurally rich information makes this spectroscopic technique an attractive reaction monitoring tool. The practicality of NMR for this type of analysis has only increased in the recent years with the influx of commercially available benchtop NMR instruments and compatible flow systems. In this study, we aim to compare 19F NMR reaction profiles acquired under both on-line continuous-flow and stopped-flow sampling methods, with modern benchtop NMR instrumentation, and two reaction systems: a homogeneous imination reaction and a biphasic activation of a carboxylic acid to acyl fluoride. Reaction trends with higher data density can be acquired with on-line continuous-flow analyses, and this work highlights that representative reaction trends can be acquired without any correction when monitoring resonances with a shorter spin–lattice relaxation time (T1), and with the used flow conditions. On-line stopped-flow analyses resulted in representative reaction trends in all cases, including the monitoring of resonances with a long T1, without the need of any correction factors. The benefit of easier data analysis, however, comes with the cost of time, as the fresh reaction solution must be flowed into the NMR system, halted, and time must be provided for spins to become polarized in the instrument's external magnetic field prior to spectral measurement. Results for one of the reactions were additionally compared with the use of a high-field NMR.publishedVersio

Ionic liquid-templated preparation of mesoporous silica embedded with nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia

A series of mesoporous silicas impregnated with nanocrystalline sulphated zirconia was prepared by a sol-gel process using an ionic liquid-templated route. The physicochemical properties of the mesoporous sulphated zirconia materials were studied using characterisation techniques such as inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the new silicas indicates isomorphous substitution of silicon with zirconium and reveals the presence of extremely small (< 10 nm) polydispersed zirconia nanoparticles in the materials with zirconium loadings from 27.77 to 41.4 wt.%

Invasive mould infections: a multi-disciplinary update.

Systemic fungal infections remain a significant cause of mortality in neutropenic and immunocompromised patients, despite advances in their diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of such infections is rising due to the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens in patients with solid tumours or haematological cancers, the increasing numbers of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplants, and the use of potent immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune disorders. In addition, the epidemiology of systemic fungal infections is changing, with atypical species such as Aspergillus terreus and zygomycetes becoming more common. Treatment has traditionally focused on empirical therapy, but targeted pre-emptive therapy in high-risk patients and prophylactic antifungal treatment are increasingly being adopted. New treatments, including lipid formulations of amphotericin B, second-generation broad-spectrum azoles, and echinocandins, offer effective antifungal activity with improved tolerability compared with older agents; the potential impact of these treatments is reflected in their inclusion in current treatment and prophylaxis guidelines. New treatment strategies, such as aerosolized lipid formulations of amphotericin B, may also reduce the burden of mortality associated with systemic fungal infections. The challenge is to identify ways of coupling potentially effective treatments with early and reliable identification of patients at highest risk of infection

Prophylaxis of infectious complications with colony-stimulating factors in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy—evidence-based guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Working Party AGIHO of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)

We found convincing evidence from numerous randomised controlled trials that G-CSF, biosimilar G-CSF and pegfilgrastim reduce the risk to develop febrile neutropenia and infections. As a rule of thumb, it seems the relative benefit is highest for patients with an intermediate risk of infections. Compared to other guidelines, we rated the evidence for growth factors during AML induction chemotherapy and pegfilgrastim use in haematological malignancies lowe

Tetrakis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane for nanostructured SiO2-like films deposited by PECVD at atmospheric pressure

We performed the thin films deposition using atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (AP-PECVD) by means of a radiofrequency and a microwave plasma jets operating with mixtures of argon and tetrakis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane (TTMS)

Tetra­ammonium diaqua­diperoxidoocta­molybdate(VI) tetra­hydrate

The title compound (NH4)4[Mo8O24(O2)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, consists of an octa­molybdate cluster with a crystallographic centre of symmetry. The clusters pack in a cubic close packing arrangement defining channels containing water mol­ecules and ammonium cations, which exhibit hydrogen bonding with neighbouring clusters. Hydrogen bonding also exists between the coordinated water mol­ecules of one cluster with one of the O atoms of the peroxido fragment in a neighbouring cluster

Infectious complications of targeted drugs and biotherapies in acute leukemia. Clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL), a joint venture of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the International Immunocompromised Host Society (ICHS) and the European Leukemia Net (ELN)

The 9th web-based European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-9), held September 16-17, 2021, reviewed the risk of infections and febrile neutropenia associated with more recently approved immunotherapeutic agents and molecular targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Novel antibody based treatment approaches (inotuzumab ozogamicin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, flotetuzumab), isocitrate dehydrogenases inhibitors (ivosidenib, enasidenib, olutasidenib), FLT3 kinase inhibitors (gilteritinib, midostaurin, quizartinib), a hedgehog inhibitor (glasdegib) as well as a BCL2 inhibitor (venetoclax) were reviewed with respect to their mode of action, their immunosuppressive potential, their current approval and the infectious complications and febrile neutropenia reported from clinical studies. Evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management of infectious complications and specific alerts regarding the potential for drug-drug interactions were developed and discussed in a plenary session with the panel of experts until consensus was reached. The set of recommendations was posted on the ECIL website for a month for comments from members of EBMT, EORTC, ICHS and ELN before final approval by the panelists. While a majority of these agents are not associated with a significantly increased risk when used as monotherapy, caution is required with combination therapy such as venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents, gemtuzumab ozogamicin plus cytotoxic drugs or midostaurin added to conventional AML chemotherapy