Lesiones del labrum acetabular. Etiología, lesiones artroscópicas e indicaciones de tratamiento

En la última década se ha experimentado un notable incremento en el número de cirugías artroscópicas de cadera realizadas en nuestros hospitales. Las lesiones de labrum acetabular son probablemente la principal causa por la que un cirujano ortopédico realiza una artroscopia de cadera. El objetivo del siguiente artículo es revisar las diferentes lesiones del labrum que podemos encontrarnos en la práctica diaria y atendiendo a los cambios anatomopatológicos que se han producido. Esto nos va a permitir entender de manera global cuál es el problema fundamental al que nos enfrentamos cuando tratamos a pacientes con dolor inguinal y lesiones del labrum acetabular, y así poder elegir la mejor estrategia terapéutica. Se describen de forma superficial las diferentes opciones terapéuticas, sin profundizar en ellas, puesto que no es el objetivo de la presente revisiónDuring the last decade, an increasing rate in the number of hip arthroscopies has been experienced in our hospitals. Acetabular labrum injuries are likely the main cause by which an orthopedic surgeon perform a hip arthroscopy. The objective of the following paper is to review the different labral injuries we can find in our daily practice and indentify the its anatomopathological changes. This is going to let us know, in a global way, which is the main problem we are facing when we are treating patients with groin pain and acetabular labral injuries, and then we can choose the best treatment option. Different treatment options are superficialy described, becaus it’s not the objective of this revie

LOS PRIMEROS AUXILIOS: ¿ASIGNATURA PENDIENTE?.

omo todos sabemos los Primeros Auxilios (P.A.) se presentan como unos conocimientos indispensables para cualquier persona, siendo fundamentales para los profesionales del ámbito sanitario. Debido a ésto, muchas universidades españolas han desarrollado un programa docente en el cual se incluyen dichos conocimientos, que son impartidos a través de asignaturas obligatorias u optativas, dependiendo de cada Escuela, que reflejan las actuaciones de Enfermería en situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. Éste no es el caso de la Universidad de Murcia, en la cual los primeros auxilios aparecen como un apéndice más en el programa de otras asignaturas. Es por ello por lo que nos marcamos como objetivos conocer y reflejar la opinión que tienen los alumnos de Enfermería de la Universidad de Murcia sobre este campo de conocimientos y habilidades, y cómo estructurarían la materia en su plan de estudios

Síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor.Resultados a corto plazo con el tratamiento artroscópico

Objetivo : Evaluar los resultados clínicos de la cirugía artroscópica de cadera en el tratamiento del síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor tras fracaso del tratamiento conservador. Material y Método : Estudio prospectivo de 15 pacientes tratados mediante cirugía artroscópica de cadera por síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor. Para valoracion clínica se utilizó la escala modificada de Harris. Resultados : La edad media de los pacien - tes fue de 53,2 años. Se detectó rotura del glúteo medio en el 73,3% de los casos. El seguimiento medio de los pacientes fue de 16,3 meses. La puntuación media de la escala modificada de Harris pasó de 55,4 puntos preope - ratoriamente a 83,8 puntos al final del seguimiento. Discusión : La artroscopia de cadera ha permitido la mejoría clínica de los pacientes con síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor que no responde al tratamiento conservador. Un mayor seguimiento de los pacientes es preciso para confirmar la estabilidad de los resultados obtenidosObjective: Evaluate the outcomes of hip arthroscopy as a treatment for greater throcanter pain syndrome after conservative treatment failed. Material and methods: Prospective study with 15 patients under - going hip arthroscopy for greater trochanter pain syndrome. Modified Harris Hip Score scale was used for clini - cal assessment. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.2 years. Gluteus medium tears was detected in 73.3%. The average follow-up was 16.3 months. The mean modified Harris Hip score increased from 55.4 points preop to 83.8 points postoperative. Discusion: Hip arthroscopy resulted in improvement in hip functional outcome in patients with greater trochanter pain syndrome after conservative treatment failed. Further follow-up is essential to confirm the stability of the clinical outcome

¿Qué hacer en la formación inicial del profesorado de ciencias de secundaria?

La publicación del acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros, por el que se regula el plan de estudios en España para la futura formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria (ved BOE de 21 y 29 de diciembre de 2007), abre nuevas expectativas en un campo hasta ahora muy descuidado, pero esencial para poder mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en ese nivel educativo. En este trabajo, tras analizar diversos problemas del modelo de formación que se ha venido desarrollando hasta ahora, se consideran algunos criterios que deberían orientar la formación inicial del profesorado de física y química de educación secundaria y se proponen unos posibles contenidos a contemplar dentro del bloque específico del plan de estudios correspondiente.Palabras clave: Didáctica de las ciencias; formación inicial del profesorado de secundariaWhat to do in secondary school science teachers preservice training?During December 2007 regulations about training for secondary school teachers trainees, were introduced in Spain. This creates new expectations in a so far quite neglected field, but essential to improve the learning and teaching processes at this educational level. In this paper, we consider some criteria which should be applied to the initial training of science teachers and we also suggest likely contents.Keywords: Science education; secondary school teacher training

A standardised approach to the biomechanical evaluation of tracheal grafts

[EN] The ideal tracheal substitute must have biomechanical properties comparable to the native trachea, but currently there is no standardised approach to evaluating these properties. Here we propose a novel method for evaluating and comparing the properties of tracheal substitutes, thus systematising both measurement and data curation. This system was tested by comparing native rabbit tracheas to frozen and decellularised specimens and determining the histological characteristics of those specimens. We performed radial compression tests on the anteroposterior tracheal axis and longitudinal axial tensile tests with the specimens anastomosed to the jaw connected to a measuring system. All calculations and results were adjusted according to tracheal size, always using variables relative to the tracheal dimensions, thus permitting comparison of different sized organs. The biomechanical properties of the decellularised specimens were only slightly reduced compared to controls and significant in regard to the maximum stress withstood in the longitudinal axis (-0.246 MPa CI [-0.248, -0.145] MPa) and the energy stored per volume unit (-0.124 mJ & BULL;mm(-3) CI [-0.195, -0.055] mJ & BULL;mm(-3)). The proposed method is suitable for the systematic characterisation of the biomechanical properties of different tracheal substitutes, regardless of the size or nature of the substitute, thus allowing for direct comparisons.This research was funded by the 2018 Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery grant to National Multicentric Study [Number 180101 to N.J.M.-H.] and [PI16-01315 to M.M.-R.] from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. CIBERER is funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Martínez-Hernández, NJ.; Más Estellés, J.; Milián-Medina, L.; Martínez-Ramos, C.; Cerón-Navarro, J.; Galbis-Caravajal, J.; Roig-Bataller, A.... (2021). A standardised approach to the biomechanical evaluation of tracheal grafts. Biomolecules. 11(10):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11101461S112111

Epidemiología descriptiva de una cohorte con choque femoroacetabular y tratamiento con cirugía artroscópica de cadera

The purpose of the study was to report the clinical epidemiology for patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement undergoing hip arthroscopy. A total of 112 patients were enrolled. In this cohort, femoroacetabular impingement occurred predominantly in young patients, with normal BMI, more male than female, high level of sports activity, duration of symptoms prior to surgery time longer than 12 months, with a pattern of cam type, labrum and acetabular rim injury in arthroscopic procedure

Identificación de zonas del genoma relacionadas con la susceptibilidad a la infección por Monilinia fructicola en una colección de variedades locales de melocotón mediante análisis de asociación (GWAS)

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Optimization of a decellularized protocol of porcine tracheas. Long-term effects of cryopreservation. A histological study

[EN] Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize a decellularization protocol in the trachea of Sus scrofa domestica (pig) as well as to study the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the extracellular matrix of decellularized tracheas. Methods: Porcine tracheas were decellularized using Triton X-100, SDC, and SDS alone or in combination. The effect of these detergents on the extracellular matrix characteristics of decellularized porcine tracheas was evaluated at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility level. Morphometric approaches were used to estimate the effect of detergents on the collagen and elastic fibers content as well as on the removal of chondrocytes from decellularized organs. Moreover, the long-term structural, ultrastructural, and biomechanical effect of cryopreservation of decellularized tracheas were also estimated. Results: Two percent SDS was the most effective detergent tested concerning cell removal and preservation of the histological and biomechanical properties of the tracheal wall. However, long-term cryopreservation had no an appreciable effect on the structure, ultrastructure, and biomechanics of decellularized tracheal rings. Conclusion: The results presented here reinforce the use of SDS as a valuable decellularizing agent for porcine tracheas. Furthermore, a cryogenic preservation protocol is described, which has minimal impact on the histological and biomechanical properties of decellularized porcine tracheas.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants MAT2016-76039-C4-2-R (MST) and PID2019-106099RB-C42 (MM) from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, by grant PI16-01315 from the ISCIII (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain), and by grant PROMETEO/2020/069 (CC) from the local government of the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), CIBER-BBN and CIBERER are funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Milián, L.; Sancho-Tello, M.; Roig-Soriano, J.; Foschini, G.; Martínez-Hernández, NJ.; Más Estellés, J.; Ruiz-Sauri, A.... (2021). Optimization of a decellularized protocol of porcine tracheas. Long-term effects of cryopreservation. A histological study. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 44(12):998-1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/03913988211008912S9981012441

Phage inducible islands in the gram-positive cocci

The SaPIs are a cohesive subfamily of extremely common phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) that reside quiescently at specific att sites in the staphylococcal chromosome and are induced by helper phages to excise and replicate. They are usually packaged in small capsids composed of phage virion proteins, giving rise to very high transfer frequencies, which they enhance by interfering with helper phage reproduction. As the SaPIs represent a highly successful biological strategy, with many natural Staphylococcus aureus strains containing two or more, we assumed that similar elements would be widespread in the Gram-positive cocci. On the basis of resemblance to the paradigmatic SaPI genome, we have readily identified large cohesive families of similar elements in the lactococci and pneumococci/streptococci plus a few such elements in Enterococcus faecalis. Based on extensive ortholog analyses, we found that the PICI elements in the four different genera all represent distinct but parallel lineages, suggesting that they represent convergent evolution towards a highly successful lifestyle. We have characterized in depth the enterococcal element, EfCIV583, and have shown that it very closely resembles the SaPIs in functionality as well as in genome organization, setting the stage for expansion of the study of elements of this type. In summary, our findings greatly broaden the PICI family to include elements from at least three genera of cocci

Phage-inducible chromosomal islands are ubiquitous within the bacterial universe

Phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) are a recently discovered family of pathogenicity islands that contribute substantively to horizontal gene transfer, host adaptation and virulence in Gram-positive cocci. Here we report that similar elements also occur widely in Gram-negative bacteria. As with the PICIs from Gram-positive cocci, their uniqueness is defined by a constellation of features: unique and specific attachment sites, exclusive PICI genes, a phage-dependent mechanism of induction, conserved replication origin organization, convergent mechanisms of phage interference, and specific packaging of PICI DNA into phage-like infectious particles, resulting in very high transfer frequencies. We suggest that the PICIs represent two or more distinct lineages, have spread widely throughout the bacterial world, and have diverged much more slowly than their host organisms or their prophage cousins. Overall, these findings represent the discovery of a universal class of mobile genetic elements