578 research outputs found
A new measurement of the lifetime of the positive pion
Digital timing method for measuring positive pion lifetim
Energy and width measurements of low-Z pionic X-ray transitions
High resolution spectrometric measurement of energy and natural line widths of 2p-1s pionic X ray transitions, as well as muonic transition energies in Li, Be, B, and C isotope
Daytime habitat selection for juvenile parr brown trout (Salmo trutta) in small lowland streams
Physical habitat is important in determining the carrying capacity of juvenile brown
trout, and within freshwater management. Summer daytime physical habitat selection for the
parr lifestage (7â20 cm) juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) was assessed
in 6 small lowland streams. Habitat preference was determined for the four variables;
water velocity, water depth, substrate and cover, and the preferences for physical habitat
selection were expressed in terms of habitat suitability indices (HSIâs). The statistical
confidence of HSIâs was evaluated using power analysis. It was found that a minimum of 22
fish observations was needed to have statistical confidence in the HSIs for water depth,
and a minimum of 92 fish observations for water velocity during daytime summer conditions.
Generally parr were utilising the deeper habitats, indicating preference for deeper water.
Cover was also being selected for at all sites, but selection was inconsistent among sites
for the variables substrate and velocity. The results indicate that during daytime summer
conditions water depth is a significant variable for parr habitat selection in these small
lowland streams, with cover also being important. Therefore, daytime refugia may be a
critical limiting factor for parr in small lowland streams, and important for stream
management actions under the Water Framework Directive
Unilateral heat accelerates bone elongation and lengthens extremities of growing mice
Linear growth failure results from a broad spectrum of systemic and local disorders that can generate chronic musculoskeletal disability. Current bone lengthening protocols involve invasive surgeries or drug regimens, which are only partially effective. Exposure to warm ambient temperature during growth increases limb length, suggesting that targeted heat could noninvasively enhance bone elongation. We tested the hypothesis that daily heat exposure on one side of the body unilaterally increases femoral and tibial lengths. Mice (Nâ=â20) were treated with 40â°C unilateral heat for 40âmin/day for 14 days post-weaning. Non-treated mice (Nâ=â6) served as controls. Unilateral increases in ear (8.8%), hindfoot (3.5%), femoral (1.3%), and tibial (1.5%) lengths were obtained. Tibial elongation rate was \u3eâ12% greater (15âÎŒm/day) on the heat-treated side. Extremity lengthening correlated with temperature during treatment. Body mass and humeral length were unaffected. To test whether differences persisted in adults, mice were examined 7-weeks post-treatment. Ear area, hindfoot, femoral, and tibial lengths were still significantly increased âŒ6%, 3.5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively, on the heat-treated side. Left-right differences were absent in non-treated controls, ruling out inherent side asymmetry. This model is important for designing noninvasive heat-based therapies to potentially combat a range of debilitating growth impediments in children
Some results and problems for anisotropic random walks on the plane
This is an expository paper on the asymptotic results concerning path
behaviour of the anisotropic random walk on the two-dimensional square lattice
Z^2. In recent years Mikl\'os and the authors of the present paper investigated
the properties of this random walk concerning strong approximations, local
times and range. We give a survey of these results together with some further
problems.Comment: 20 page
Interfaces among Safety, Security, and Safeguards (3S) -Conflicts and Synergies
ABSTRACT In recent years, the need to achieve a better understanding of the relationships and interfaces among three disciplines related to nuclear power -safety, security, and safeguards (3S) -has become widely recognized. The challenge is to effectively and efficiently integrate the 3S requirements. All stakeholders could benefit from the integration of 3S: designers and operators, shippers and carriers of nuclear material, national and international authorities, and the world population. To address this challenge, the potential for conflicts and opportunities for synergy among the elements of 3S must be identified. This paper identifies the 3S interfaces that have the potential for creating conflicts and synergies. The main step in developing guidance is to examine where and how 3S requirements interface. We start with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) model Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (INFCIRC/153) and Additional Protocol (INFCIRC/540). We then identify two types of access that are the basis for conflicts and synergies in 3S. Finally, we provide recommendations for improving overall efficiency and effectiveness to be considered by designers, operators, shippers, and authorities during the integration of the 3S requirements
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