Task lll Report: Deficit Analysis

This report summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase lll of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study commissioned by the Kentucky River Authority. The purpose of Phase lll is to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. A quantification of the susceptibility of the basin to a severe drought is necessary for the Authority to properly develop a long-range water supply plan. This is part 3 of a three part Assessment Study of the River basin water supply

KYBASIN: A Water Supply Assessment Model for the Kentucky River Basin

KYBASIN is a computer model developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Reource Research Institute (KWRRI) for the express purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin under a severe drought. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYBASIN\u27S distribution or license agreement nay be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the Authority concerning this matter before using the model

KYROM: A Drought Management Model for the Kentucky River Basin Users Manual

The Kentucky River Operation and Management model is a computer application developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWRRI) for the purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin during drought periods. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYROM\u27s distribution or license agreement may be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the Authority concerning this matter before using the model

Technical Appendix to Task III Report: Deficit Algorythm Methodology

This appendix contains a detailed description of the algorithm used by the KYBASIN model to quantify water supply deficits in the Kentucky River Basin. This document is an attachment to the report entitled Task III Report-Deficit Analysis (Ormsbee and Herman, 1996), which summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase III of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The purpose of the study was to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. The study was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority in a contract with the Kentucky Water Resource Research Institute dated April 1, 1995

Task V Report: Development and Evaluation of Water Supply Alternatives

This report documents the procedure and results of Task V of the KWRRI Kentucky River Water Supply Assessment Study. This was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority in a contract with the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute dated April 1, 1995. The three major tasks of the study are outlined below: Task I. Review and assess previous studies and finalize study plan. Task II. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the upper forks of the Kentucky River.) Task III. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the impacts of off-stem users.) Task IV. Develop a drought response model for the Kentucky River Basin. Task V. Develop a long range water supply plan for the Kentucky River Basin (including an evaluation of water supply alternatives.

MRI E-Conference electronic conference on ‘Marine Research Infrastructures (MRI): The need for better Information and Co-ordination’ 26-30 april 2004, final report

The MRI E-conference was an initiative of VLIZ and AWI in collaboration with EurOcean, ESF/Marine Board and IOC/UNESCO. The objective of this forum was to discuss the needs and expectations of the Scientific Community towards a common European approach for optimizing the coordination of marine research infrastructure. All the points made by the contributors are summarised and bundled in this final report

Effect of a pre-milking teat foam and a liner disinfectant on the presence of mesophilic and (proteolytic) psychrotrophic bacteria prior to milking

Contamination of raw milk by psychrotrophs can lead to the production of heat-resistant proteases and subsequent spoilage of UHT milk. Therefore, this research communication evaluated the effect of a pre-milking teat disinfectant (active components: L-(+)-lactic acid and salicylic acid) and a liner disinfectant (active components: peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) on the number of mesophilic and (proteolytic) psychrotrophic bacteria prior to milking. The teat orifices of 10 cows were sampled using a swabbing procedure before and after treatment with a pre-milking teat disinfectant on six subsequent days. On the teat orifices, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in the psychrotrophic bacterial counts between pre and post dipping. No differences were observed for the mesophilic bacterial counts and proteolytic active counts. Liners were also sampled using swabs pre and post disinfection. No statistically significant decrease in the bacterial counts was observed post liner disinfection, although there was a numerical decrease. Sixty-two percent of the proteolytic psychrotrophs were pseudomonads: 16.5% of which were P. fragi, 14.3% P. lundensis, 10.0% P. fluorescens and 2.9% P. putida. Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) analysis revealed a wide variety in proteolytic activity (from 0 to 55 mu mol glycine/ml milk) and the presence of high producers. It can be concluded that there was only a minor effect of teat and liner disinfection on the psychrotrophic bacterial counts indicating that the measures presented did not result in a reduction of the targeted bacteria on teat orifices and liners

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Ri1 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kubis Bunga (Brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis L.)

Research on the effects of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) has been conducted in Negri Hatalai, Subdistrict of Leitimur Selatan, Ambon. This study was done from January to April 2011. The objective of this study was to obtain optimal concentration of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer for growth and flower yield of broccoli. This research used Randomized Block Design with one factor, consisting of six treatments and three replications. Concentration of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer treatments consisted of 0 ml/0.5 l or without organic fertilizer, 1 ml/0.5 l., 2 ml/0.5 l., 3 ml/0.5 l., 4 ml/0.5 l and 5 ml/0.5 l. The observation data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by Tukey HSD at a level of 5%. The results showed that the liquid organic fertilizer RI1 did not give significant effects on plant height, stem diameter, time of flower formation, time of flowers opening, flower diameter and weight, but gave significant effects only on leaf number and leaf area at a concentration of 2 ml/0.5 l

A route to sub-diffraction-limited CARS Microscopy

We theoretically investigate a scheme to obtain sub-diffraction-limited resolution in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. We find using density matrix calculations that the rise of vibrational (Raman) coherence can be strongly suppressed, and thereby the emission of CARS signals can be significantly reduced, when pre-populating the corresponding vibrational state through an incoherent process. The effectiveness of pre-populating the vibrational state of interest is investigated by considering the excitation of a neighbouring vibrational (control) state through an intense, mid-infrared control laser. We observe that, similar to the processes employed in stimulated emission depletion microscopy, the CARS signal exhibits saturation behaviour if the transition rate between the vibrational and the control state is large. Our approach opens up the possibility of achieving chemically selectivity sub-diffraction-limited spatially resolved imaging

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure slurries in comparison with organic and inorganic fertilizers

We studied the effect of five fertilizers (including two adjusted manure slurries) and an untreated control on soil biota and explored the effect on the ecosystem services they provided. Our results suggest that the available N (NO3- and NH4+) in the soil plays a central role in the effect of fertilizers on nematodes and microorganisms. Microorganisms are affected directly through nutrient availability and indirectly through grass root mass. Nematodes are affected indirectly through microbial biomass and grass root mass. A lower amount of available N in the treatment with inorganic fertilizer was linked to a higher root mass and a higher abundance and proportion of herbivorous nematodes. A higher amount of available N in the organic fertilizer treatments resulted in a twofold higher bacterial activity (measured as bacterial growth rate, viz. thymidine incorporation), a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes, a 30% higher potential N mineralization (aerobic incubation), and 25–50% more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation). Compared to inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization increased the C total, the N total, the activity of decomposers, and the supply of nutrients via the soil food web. Within the group of organic fertilizers, there was no significant difference in C total, abundances of soil biota, and the potential N mineralization rate. There were no indications that farmyard manure or the adjusted manure slurries provided the ecosystem service “supply of nutrients” better than normal manure slurry. Normal manure slurry provided the highest bacterial activity and the highest amount of mineralizable N and it was the only fertilizer resulting in a positive trend in grass yield over the years 2000–2005. The number of earthworm burrows was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizers compared to the one with the inorganic fertilizer, which suggests that organic fertilizers stimulate the ecosystem service of water regulation more than inorganic fertilizer. The trend towards higher epigeic earthworm numbers with application of farmyard manure and one of the adjusted manure slurries, combined with the negative relation between epigeic earthworms and bulk density and a significantly lower penetration resistance in the same fertilizer types, is preliminary evidence that these two organic fertilizer types contribute more to the service of soil structure maintenance than inorganic fertilize