Stroke Survivors Who Score below Threshold on Standard Depression Measures May Still Have Negative Cognitions of Concern

Background and Purpose— There has been an increase in screening for depression in the physically ill. We explored whether important negative cognitions may be missed by conventional approaches to screening for depression in 2 independently conducted stroke studies with similar methods. Methods— The Auckland Regional Community Stroke (ARCOS) study was a prospective, population-based stroke incidence study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, for 12 months in 2002 to 2003. The Stroke Outcomes Study was a prospective, hospital cohort study conducted in Leeds and Bradford, United Kingdom, for 33 months in 2002 to 2005. Symptoms of abnormal mood were assessed at 6 months in ARCOS with a single simple question, “Do you often feel sad and depressed?” and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire administered as part of a structured interview and in the Stroke Outcomes Study with the 28-item General Health Questionnaire and a single question about depressed mood taken from the Present State Examination. Results— Mood data were available at 6 months from 770 ARCOS and 492 Stroke Outcomes Study participants. A significant proportion (up to 28%) of people who did not meet study criteria for depression reported important negative cognitions such as hopelessness, worthlessness, or suicidality. People who were older, dependent in activities of daily living, or not partnered were more likely to report negative cognitions. Conclusions— Important negative cognitions, including suicidal thoughts, may be missed when people are screened for depression after stroke. Screening alone is not an adequate substitute for a sensitive exploration of the psychological impact of stroke on the survivor

An Integrated Telemetric Thermocouple Sensor for Process Monitoring of CFRP Milling Operations

AbstractA wireless temperature measurement system was developed and integrated into a cutting tool holder via a thermocouple embedded within the cutting tool. The primary purpose of such an embedded thermal measurement sensor/system is for online process monitoring of machining processes within which thermal damage poses a significant threat both for the environment and productivity alike – as is the case with the machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) components. A full system calibration was performed on the device. Response times were investigated and thermal errors, in the form of damping and lag, were identified. Experimental temperature results are presented which demonstrate the performance of the integrated wireless telemetry sensor during the edge trimming of CFRP composite materials. Thermocouple positioning relative to heat source effect was among the statistical factors investigated during machining experiments. Initial results into the thermal response of the sensor were obtained and a statistical package was used to determine the presence of significant main effects and interactions between a number of tested factors. The potential application of the embedded wireless temperature measurement sensor for online process monitoring in CFRP machining is demonstrated and recommendations are made for future advancements in such sensor technology

Tuberculosis treatment in a refugee and migrant population: 20 years of experience on the Thai-Burmese border.

Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it remains a major global health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations, including refugees and migrants

Understanding patterns of care for musculoskeletal patients using routinely collected National Health Service data from general practices in England

Musculoskeletal conditions are extremely common and represent a costly and growing problem in the United Kingdom. Understanding patterns of care and how they vary between individual patients and patient groups is necessary for effective and efficient disease management. In this article, we present a novel approach to understanding patterns of care for musculoskeletal patients in which trajectories are constructed from clinical and administrative data that are routinely collected by clinicians and healthcare professionals. Our approach is applied to routinely collected National Health Service data for musculoskeletal patients who were registered to a set of general practices in England and highlights both known and previously unreported variations in the prescribing of opioid analgesics by gender and presence of pre-existing depression. We conclude that the application of our approach to routinely collected National Health Service data can extend the dimensions over which patterns of care can be understood for musculoskeletal patients and for patients with other long-term conditions

Overview of Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments

Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes in the Earth’s environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and monitoring climate and land cover change. These applications use data from many satellites; for the data to be interoperable, the instruments must be cross-calibrated. To meet the stringent needs of such applications, instruments must provide reliable, accurate, and consistent measurements over time. Robust techniques are required to ensure that observations from different instruments can be normalized to a common scale that the community agrees on. The long-term reliability of this process needs to be sustained in accordance with established reference standards and best practices. Furthermore, establishing physical meaning to the information through robust Système International d’unités traceable calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is essential to fully understand the parameters under observation. The processes of calibration, correction, stabilitymonitoring, and quality assurance need to be underpinned and evidenced by comparison with “peer instruments” and, ideally, highly calibrated in-orbit reference instruments. Intercalibration between instruments is a central pillar of the Cal/Val strategies of many national and international satellite remote sensing organizations. Intercalibration techniques as outlined in this paper not only provide a practical means of identifying and correcting relative biases in radiometric calibration between instruments but also enable potential data gaps between measurement records in a critical time series to be bridged. Use of a robust set of internationally agreed upon and coordinated intercalibration techniques will lead to significant improvement in the consistency between satellite instruments and facilitate accurate monitoring of the Earth’s climate at uncertainty levels needed to detect and attribute the mechanisms of change. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of postlaunch radiometric calibration of remote sensing satellite instruments through intercalibration

Overview of Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments

Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes in the Earth’s environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and monitoring climate and land cover change. These applications use data from many satellites; for the data to be interoperable, the instruments must be cross-calibrated. To meet the stringent needs of such applications, instruments must provide reliable, accurate, and consistent measurements over time. Robust techniques are required to ensure that observations from different instruments can be normalized to a common scale that the community agrees on. The long-term reliability of this process needs to be sustained in accordance with established reference standards and best practices. Furthermore, establishing physical meaning to the information through robust Système International d’unités traceable calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is essential to fully understand the parameters under observation. The processes of calibration, correction, stabilitymonitoring, and quality assurance need to be underpinned and evidenced by comparison with “peer instruments” and, ideally, highly calibrated in-orbit reference instruments. Intercalibration between instruments is a central pillar of the Cal/Val strategies of many national and international satellite remote sensing organizations. Intercalibration techniques as outlined in this paper not only provide a practical means of identifying and correcting relative biases in radiometric calibration between instruments but also enable potential data gaps between measurement records in a critical time series to be bridged. Use of a robust set of internationally agreed upon and coordinated intercalibration techniques will lead to significant improvement in the consistency between satellite instruments and facilitate accurate monitoring of the Earth’s climate at uncertainty levels needed to detect and attribute the mechanisms of change. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of postlaunch radiometric calibration of remote sensing satellite instruments through intercalibration