Ice Age Epochs and the Sun's Path Through the Galaxy

We present a calculation of the Sun's motion through the Milky Way Galaxy over the last 500 million years. The integration is based upon estimates of the Sun's current position and speed from measurements with Hipparcos and upon a realistic model for the Galactic gravitational potential. We estimate the times of the Sun's past spiral arm crossings for a range in assumed values of the spiral pattern angular speed. We find that for a difference between the mean solar and pattern speed of Omega_Sun - Omega_p = 11.9 +/- 0.7 km/s/kpc the Sun has traversed four spiral arms at times that appear to correspond well with long duration cold periods on Earth. This supports the idea that extended exposure to the higher cosmic ray flux associated with spiral arms can lead to increased cloud cover and long ice age epochs on Earth.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Using wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate drug consumption—Statistical analyses and data presentation

Aim Analysis of wastewater samples can be used to assess population drug use, but reporting and statistical issues have limited the utility of the approach for epidemiology due to analytical results that are below the limit of quantification or detection. Unobserved or non-quantifiable—censored—data are common and likely to persist as the methodology is applied to more municipalities and a broader array of substances. We demonstrate the use of censored data techniques and account for measurement errors to explore distributions and annual estimates of the daily mean level of drugs excreted per capita. Measurements Daily 24-hour composite wastewater samples for 56 days in 2009 were obtained using a random sample stratified by day of week and season for 19 municipalities in the Northwest region of the U.S. Methods Methamphetamine, benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite), 3,4-ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methadone, oxycodone and hydrocodone were identified and quantified in wastewater samples. Four statistical approaches (reporting censoring, maximum likelihood estimation, Kaplan-Meier estimates, or complete data calculations) were used to estimate an annual average, including confidence bounds where appropriate, dependent upon the amount of censoring in the data. Findings The proportion of days within a year with censored data varied greatly by drug across the 19 municipalities, with MDMA varying the most (4% to 94% of observations censored). The different statistical approaches each needed to be used given the levels of censoring of measured drug concentrations. Figures incorporating confidence bounds allow visualization of the data that facilitates appropriate comparisons across municipalities. Conclusions Results from wastewater sampling that are below detection or quantification limits contain important information and can be incorporated to create a more complete and valid estimate of drug excretion

Herbicides for corn

"Federal regulations regarding herbicide use change frequently, so keep informed about the status of label registration. Based upon available information this guide sheet conforms to laws and regulations in effect at the time it was written. It is essential that you read and understand the label of the herbicide you plan to use."--First page.L.E. Anderson, O. Hale Fletchall, David Guethle, Harold Kerr, E.J. Peters, Zane Helsel, James Schaeffer (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture)Revised 1/84/15

Herbicides for soybeans

"Soybean herbicides can be soil incorporated before planting (PPI). They can be applied to the soil surface at planting time or before crop emergence (preemergence). Or they can be applied in a split application (sequential) where the first product is incorporated and followed by a pre-emergent applied over the row or broadcast. A final application method is post-emergence treatment."--First page.Zane R. Helsel, Harold D. Kerr, E.J. Peters, David Goethle, L.E. Anderson, James A Schaffer, and O'Hale Fletchall (Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture)Revised 12/84/12

Chemical weed control in grain sorghum

"Federal regulations on the use of herbicides change frequently, so stay informed on the status of label registration. To the best of our knowledge, this guidesheet conforms to laws and regulations at the time of writing."--First page.James A. Schaeffer, Harold D. Kerr, David Guethle, O. Hale Fletchall, E.J. Peters, L.E. Anderson, and Zane R. Helsel (Department of Agronomy, College of AGriculture)Revised 1/85/10

ASAS Light Curves of Intermediate Mass Eclipsing Binaries and the Parameters of HI Mon

We present a catalog of 56 candidate intermediate mass eclipsing binary systems extracted from the 3rd data release of the All Sky Automated Survey. We gather pertinent observational data and derive orbital properties, including ephemerides, for these systems as a prelude to anticipated spectroscopic observations. We find that 37 of the 56, or ~66% of the systems are not identified in the Simbad Astronomical Database as known binaries. As a specific example, we show spectroscopic data obtained for the system HI Mon (B0 V + B0.5 V) observed at key orbital phases based on the computed ephemeris, and we present a combined spectroscopic and photometric solution for the system and give stellar parameters for each component.Comment: 83 pages, 63 figure

Herbicides for grain sorghum 1984

"Federal regulations on the use of herbicides change frequently, so stay informed on the status of label registration. To the best of our knowledge, this guidesheet conforms to laws and regulations at the time of writing."--First page.James A. Schaeffer, Harold D. Kerr, David Guethle, O. Hale Fletchall, E.J. Peters, L.E. Anderson, and Zane R. Helsel (Department of Agronomy, College of AGriculture)Revised 1/84/10

Chemical weed control in field corn for 1982 -- part 1 : preplanting incorporated treatments

Harold D. Kerr, Joseph H. Scott, E. J. Peters, L. E. Anderson, O. Hale Fletchall, David Guethle, Zane R. Helsel and Howard Guscar (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture)New 1/82/15

Chemical weed control in field corn for 1982, Part 2. Pre-emergence and postemergence

Harold D. Kerr, Joseph H. Scott, E. J. Peters, L. E. Anderson, O. Hale Fletchall, David Guethle, Zane R. Helsel and Howard Guscar (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture)Revised 1/82/15