Some Predators of Polyps of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) in the Chesapeake Bay

Some invertebrate predators of polyps of Chrysaora quinquecirrha were identified. They included Caprella equilibra, Callipallene brevirostris, N eopanope texana sayi, Pagurus longicarpus, Libinia dubia, and Cratena pilata. Only C. pilata showed a preference over other possible prey organisms

Summary of the effects of Agnes on oyster setting in Virginia in 1972

Oyster setting in Virginia River systems dropped to the lowest level on record during 1972. Spatfall studies indicate this poor condition to be the direct result of the effects of tropical storm Agnes

Chesapeake Oyster Reefs, Their Importance, Destruction and Guidelines for Restoring Them

The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), can live any place in coastal marine and estuarine waters of the North American east coast offering suitable setting and survival opportunities. It occurs singly or in small clumps scattered widely but thrives best in colonial aggregations which, like those of tropical corals, are truly reefs. The massive self-renewing oyster reefs ( whole banks and beds ) reported by early Chesapeake observers have yielded much. Without readily accessible oyster reefs the first English colonists of Jamestown might have starved. Without them the rich oyster industries of later years could never have developed.But oyster reefs benefitted the oysters that built and maintained them as well as the humans using them. The oyster reefs of the Chesapeake region, including those on Seaside, developed during some 7,000-6,000 years of Bay evolution during the current (Holocene) Epoch. Until about 200 years ago reef oyster populations were able to maintain themselves and their reef habitats and withstand the inroads of biological enemies, other natural hazards and increasing harvests. By the late 1800s, Chesapeake public market oyster harvests had peaked and total market harvests and the oyster populations which provided them were in decline. more ...https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1091/thumbnail.jp

Clarity, Organization, Precision, Economy: A Technical Writing Guide for Engineers

Faculty and employers who work with engineers have consistently identified four areas of deficiency in the engineers’ technical writing: clarity, organization, precision and economy. This third edition of the guidebook grew out of efforts to teach engineering students at the University of New Haven to improve their communication skills. David Adams lays out fourteen guidelines and numerous examples that students and faculty can use as common ground when discussing writing.https://digitalcommons.newhaven.edu/civilengineering-books/1000/thumbnail.jp

Rehabilitation Of The Troubled Oyster Industry Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay

After 1885 Virginia\u27s lower Chesapeake Bay system produced more oysters per year than any other area in the United States and remained predominant until 1960. Since then she has surrendered supremacy as annual harvests of her troubled oyster industry have steadily declined. Numerous factors were responsible for the tremendous productivity of the lower Bay\u27s oyster beds; a number have been involved in its decline. Natural events, such as the catastrophic epizootics of the early 1960\u27s, continuing disease and predation, increased salinities of drought years and great freshets of tropical storms have contributed significantly to the reduction. Pollution and other man-related alterations have been involved also. Additionally, high costs of money and operations, risk-reduction efforts, loss of competitive position and markets, and, in some problem areas, lack of certain important scientific knowledge have contributed. Persistent overfishing by public harvesters, lack of application of best-management practices and recent technological advances, reduction of planting efforts by private growers, and resistance to remedial improvements by industry and public managers are the major factors causing the continuing decline! Nevertheless, restoration of oyster production in Virginia (and Maryland) waters can be accomplished by applying a combination of currently available scientific knowledge and technological skills and by making or enabling sociological, economic and political improvements

The individualised needs for service assessment (INSA) for children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance

The Individualised Needs for Service Assessment (INSA) for children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance was developed in response to the lack of a systematic approach to needs assessment compatible with individualised service planning. Functioning is assessed for 10 functional domains. Service providers rate service provision using a taxonomy of generic service items that are generalisable and comprehensible across different organisational units and systems of care. In addition, service providers rate the anticipated clinical effectiveness of each service item and the acceptability of each item to the child or adolescent and family. Drawing on a similar logic structure to that characterising the Needs for Care Assessment of the British Medical Research Council, these data are linked to produce a need status, for example unmet need, no need and met need. The INSA may be suitable for use by service providers, planners, policy makers, researchers, managed care organisations and service purchasers

Paper Session I-A - Learning about Life on Space Station

The International Space Station as humanity’s outpost in low Earth orbit, is an ideal platform for studying how to live in space, as well as to conduct research to learn more about life. A long-duration microgravity platform such as ISS allows the study of biological and physiological processes free of the one constant force to which they have been subjected since the origin of life on Earth: gravity. Although construction of ISS is still under way, the US Laboratory Module Destiny has been outfitted with its full complement of 10 research facilities, two of them dedicated to life sciences research. In the coming years, Destiny will be joined by the European Space Agency’s Columbus and by Japan’s Kibo research modules with additional facilities, and then by the Centrifuge Accommodation Module containing a centrifuge for variable gravity research. Research has been ongoing for only 2 of its planned 15 years of orbital life, so we have clearly just opened the door to learning about life on Space Station

Comparative attachment, growth and mortalities of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) spat on slate and oyster shell in the James River, Virginia

Slate was investigated as a substitute for oyster shells which are used as a substrate for oyster spat (Crassostrea virginica) settlement in James River, Virginia oyster repletion programs. Oyster shells and slate fragments were planted on adjacent plots in two submerged locations about 825 m apart in July 1984. Quantitative .093 m2 (one ft2) samples were collected by a diver on seven occasions through July 1985, with additional samples collected from teh natural oyster bottoms adjacent to the two areas. Percent mortality, growth and numbers of live spat and spat scars (dead spat) per unit area of bottom were determined. As the end of the study, the number of spat on shell was 4-5 times higher than on slate; however, slate had 5-6 times more spat per unit area of bottom than the shell on the natural bottom. During the July to October setting season mortalities were much higher on slate than on shell; during the remaining period they were high but about equal on both substances