21 research outputs found

    Wirtualne powierzchnie do przewidywania obrazu gleb w zmieniaj膮cych si臋 warunkach o艣wietlenia i obserwacji ich powierzchni

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    W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono syntetyczne powierzchnie, symuluj膮ce geometri臋 powierzchni gleb, za po艣rednictwem kt贸rych, przy udziale nowego modelu, generowane s膮 rozk艂ady hemisferyczno-kierunkowego odbicia od gleb uprawnych i nie uprawnych w zakresie optycznym. Model ten zak艂ada, 偶e powierzchnie glebowe o艣wietlane s膮 przez hemisferyczne 藕r贸d艂o 艣wiat艂a, o rozk艂adzie energii obliczanej funkcj膮 empiryczn膮. Efekty widzenia wirtualnych powierzchni zale偶膮 od ich o艣wietlenia przez hemisferyczne 藕r贸d艂o 艣wiat艂a, jak i od w艂a艣ciwo艣ci odbiciowych rozwa偶anych powierzchni. Odbicie to ma charakter niby lambertowski. Poprawno艣膰 przewidywania obrazu gleb w zmieniaj膮cych si臋 warunkach o艣wietlenia i ich obserwacji przeanalizowano na przyk艂adzie gleb o r贸偶nej szorstko艣ci

    Lupins (L. Luterus, L. Albus. L. Angustifolius) as a protein source for young pigs.

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    The nitrogen balance and growth performance of piglets (12-14 kg initial body weight) were measured to evaluate the nutritive value of meal from Lupinus luteus cultivars 'Amulet' and 'Cybis', Lupinus albus cultivar 'Hetman," Lupinus angustifolius cultivar 'Saturn' and a commercial batch of lupin seeds from Australia (ALS). The inclusion level of lupin seed meal in the barley-based diets ranged from 310 to 410 g kg-1 to provide 120 g of crude protein from each lupin species per kilogram of diet. The average apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (0.91) and crude protein (0.90) in L. luteus diets was as high as in the control (soybean) diet. The lowest (P < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter (0.86) and crude protein (0.83) was found for the diet containing seed meal from L. albus. Utilization of the apparently digested nitrogen (nitrogen retained as a proportion of nitrogen digested) was highest in the soybean group and both groups with L. angustifolius ('Saturn' and ALS) with values of 0.71, 0.72 and 0.71, respectively. Intermediate values were found for L. luteus ('Amulet', 0.68; 'Cybis', 0.68) and the lowest (0.55) for the L. albus group. The growth performance of pigs given diets with seeds of L. luteus and L. angustifolius was not different from that of pigs given the soybean diet, but pigs given the L. albus diet had a higher (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. It was concluded that L. albus cultivar 'Hetman' was less suitable than other varieties as a source of supplementary protein for young growing pigs when included in the diet at the level of 37 g kg-1. Seeds of L. luteus cultivar 'Cybis' and both cultivars of L. angustifolius were used at levels of up to 41 g kg-1 in diets without depression of growth performance as compared with soybean diet
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