Approximation of proximities by aggregating T-indistinguishability operators

For a continuous Archimedean t-norm T a method to approximate a proximity relation R (i.e. a reflexive and symmetric fuzzy relation) by a T-transitive one is provided. It consists of aggregating the transitive closure R of R with a (maximal) T-transitive relation B contained in R using a suitable weighted quasi-arithmetic mean to maximize the similarity or minimize the distance to R.Peer Reviewe

Hurst Coefficient in long time series of population size: Model for two plant populations with different reproductive strategies

Can the fractal dimension of fluctuations in population size be used to estimate extinction risk? The problem with estimating this fractal dimension is that the lengths of the time series are usually too short for conclusive results. This study answered this question with long time series data obtained from an iterative competition model. This model produces competitive extinction at different perturbation intensities for two different germination strategies: germination of all seeds vs. dormancy in half the seeds. This provided long time series of 900 years and different extinction risks. The results support the hypothesis for the effectiveness of the Hurst coefficient for estimating extinction risk

Simulación de procesos de forja axisimétrica mediante el método de los elementos finitos: un modelo sencillo de rozamiento

Se presenta en este artículo un método sencillo de modelización del r.ozamiento en la simulación de procesos de forja axisimétrica mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos (MEF). Tras una breve descripción de la formulación básica de flujo, se revisan las alternativas inás comunes para la consideración del fenómeno del rozamiento y se describe el método SMM (Stiffness Matrix Method), utilizado para tener en cuenta la fricción. Se presenta finalmente un ejemplo industrial que muestra el buen comportamiento de dicho método aplicado a la formulación de flujo.Peer Reviewe

Simulación de procesos de forja axisimétrica mediante el método de los elementos finitos: un modelo sencillo de rozamiento

Se presenta en este artículo un método sencillo de modelización del r.ozamiento en la simulación de procesos de forja axisimétrica mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos (MEF). Tras una breve descripción de la formulación básica de flujo, se revisan las alternativas inás comunes para la consideración del fenómeno del rozamiento y se describe el método SMM (Stiffness Matrix Method), utilizado para tener en cuenta la fricción. Se presenta finalmente un ejemplo industrial que muestra el buen comportamiento de dicho método aplicado a la formulación de flujo.Peer Reviewe

Orobanche pseudorosmarina A. Pujadas et Muñoz Garm. sp. nov. (Orobanchaceae) from the eastern Mediterranean region

The analysed plants from Dalmatia (Croatia) identified by Beck as Orobanche rosmarina Beck do not fit the lectotype for Orobanche rosmarina originally used by Foley [BM 574992]. As a consequence, these Orobanche specimens from the eastern Mediterranean region remain unnamed, but are described here as a new species Orobanche pseudorosmarina A. Pujadas et Muñoz Garm

Orobanche pseudorosmarina A. Pujadas et Muñoz Garm. sp. nov. (Orobanchaceae) from the eastern Mediterranean region

The analysed plants from Dalmatia (Croatia) identified by Beck as Orobanche rosmarina Beck do not fit the lectotype for Orobanche rosmarina originally used by Foley [BM 574992]. As a consequence, these Orobanche specimens from the eastern Mediterranean region remain unnamed, but are described here as a new species Orobanche pseudorosmarina A. Pujadas et Muñoz Garm

Variaciones estacionales de las precipitaciones en la vertiente norte de la Península Ibérica

[ES]Se estudia la distribución estacional de la precipitación en la vertiente norte de la Península Ibérica, utilizando datos de 104 observatorios.[EN]The seasonal distribution of the precipitation on the northern slopes of the Iberian Peninsula have been studied using data from 104 Meteorological stations

Miositis osificante progresiva: ultraestructura, bioquímica e histoquímica de músculo macroscópicamente sano

Se estudió un caso de miositis osificante progresiva en una niña de 13 años, a la cual se le tomó una muestra de músculo gastronecmio lateral, aparentemente no afectado, en el curso de una intervención quirúrgica ortopédica. La muestra se procesó mediante métodos histológicos, histoquímicos, bioquímicos, inmunocitoquímicos y ultraestructurales. Se encontró un predominio de fibras musculares tipo I (83%) con alta capacidad oxidativa y baja capacidad glicolítica. Las fibras del tipo II eran pequeñas (área promedio 2.084 Um2 ) y mostraron otros signos de atrofia al examen ultraestructural. La densidad capilar fue relativamente alta, (573) siendo normal el índice capilar/fibra (1,76). Sin embargo, algunos capilares se mostraron engrosados y con la luz ocluida, con la tinción de amilasa-PAS, lo cual fue corroborado con la microscopía electrónica, donde se vio la membrana basal engrosada, e inclusive algunos capilares totalmente degenerados. No se encontró reacción de inmunofluorescencia con las globulinas anti-IgG ni anti-IgM en los cortes de músculo. El espacio intersticial se encontró agrandado. Se concluye que no hay evidencias de la participación de un mecanismo autoinmune en la miositis osificante progresiva, que existe un daño capilar y alteración de las fibras musculares, aún en el músculo que no manifiesta a simple vista proceso de osificación.During an orthopedic operation a sample of the apparently normal lateral gastronecmius muscle was taken from a 13 year old female patient affected by myositis ossificans progressiva. The muscle sample was analyzed by light, electron and fluorescence microscopy, and some enzymes were assayed. Muscle fibers were classified by the adenosintriphosphatase reaction. The percentage of type I fiber was high (83%). Atrophy was found in type II fibers as shown by small mean area (2.084 Um2 ) and some ultrastructural features as infoldings of the sarcolemma. Capillary density was high (573 capillaries/mm2 ), and capillaries per fiber index was normal (1.76), as were oxidative enzymes. However many capillaries were occluded, with thick basal membrane and abnormal endothelial cells and pericytes. No immunofluorescence was found with anti IgG or anti IgM in the muscle fibers. Intersticial spaces in the cross section of the muscle were enlarged. In conclusion, no evidence of autoimmune involvement was found in myositis ossificans progressiva, but alteracions of capillaries and muscle fibers were found in a muscle apparently not affected yet by the ossification process

Is there a faunal group that is a representative taxon of macrobenthic communities in subtidal sands?

Se intenta comprobar la existencia de algún grupo faunístico cuyo comportamiento sea capaz de describir el del conjunto de la comunidad macrobentónica. Las especies encontradas en los fondos arenosos submareales de la ría de Ares y Betanzos (Galicia, noroeste de España) son separadas en cinco grupos faunísticos: crustáceos, equinodermos, moluscos, poliquetos y otros. Los registros recogidos de abundancia, biomasa, riqueza específica, dominancia, diversidad y diversidad relativa de cada grupo se comparan con los de la macrofauna total, se aplica el test de correlaciones de rango de Spearman y posteriormente se realiza un análisis de clasificación UPGMA. Se discuten diferentes posibilidades de ahorro de esfuerzo, principalmente en el apartado taxonómico, y se concluye que no hay un único grupo cuyos resultados coincidan completamente con los de la comunidad, si bien los poliquetos proporcionan una idea fiel de ésta en términos de abundancia.The present study aimed to determine the existence of a faunal group able to serve as a representative taxon for the macrobenthic community as a whole. Organisms were sampled on a subtidal sandy bottom of the Ría de Ares y Betanzos (Galicia, northwestern Spain), considering 5 faunal groups: polychaetes, molluscs, echinoderms, crustaceans, and others. The figures on abundance, biomass, species richness, dominance, diversity,and evenness for each faunal group, and for the macrofauna as a whole, were compared, and tested using Spearman's rank correlation. The UPGMA classification technique was also used. Moreover, different ways to save time and effort are discussed. The conclusion is that there is no single group whose results completely fit those of the community, although polychaetes accurately reflected overall abundance.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

A new accounting framework for assessing forest footprint of nations

In a tele-coupled and globalized World, understanding the links between demand for wood products and land use is becoming challenging. World''s economies are increasingly open and interconnected, and international trade flows of wood products are continuously growing. The increasing resource consumption of humanity is increasingly dependent on international trade. In this context, the study of forest products demand from a global-multi-regional perspective emerges as a critical issue to achieve the goal of sustainable consumption and production. In this paper, we introduce a novel accounting framework for assessing the forest footprint of nations. The method combines Multi-regional Input-Output techniques and detailed data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on production, consumption and bilateral trade of primary, intermediate and final wood products, advancing with respect to existing approaches with these practical distinctions for more accurate computations. The approach tracks resource flows along the global supply chain and provides detailed information on the production, transformation, international trade, and final use of 20 forest products in 223 countries, having also much wider coverage than most previous studies. We test this framework to analyse forest footprint of nations in the year 2014, showing that 22 Million hectares (Mha) of forest were harvested for the extraction of roundwood for global demand, being 9.1 Mha to satisfy the foreign demand of wood products (42% of the total forestland harvested area). Harvested forestland is concentrated in America (32%), Asia (29%) and Europe (28%), representing Africa (7%) and Oceania (4%). More than 50% of the reported forest area harvested worldwide is located in USA (15%), China (14%); Russia (11%) and Canada (8%). In terms of forest footprint, Asia shows the highest share of the total forest footprint (44%), followed by America (25%), Europe (21%), Africa (7%) and Oceania (2%). Country-wise, half is concentrated in China (24%), USA (16%), India (5%), and Russia (5%). © 2022 The Author