40 research outputs found
Addiction in the Light of African Values: Undermining Vitality and Community
In this article I address the question of what makes addiction morally problematic, and seek to answer it by drawing on values salient in the sub-Saharan African philosophical tradition. Specifically, I appeal to life-force and communal relationship, each of which African philosophers have at times advanced as a foundational value, and spell out how addiction, or at least salient instances of it, could be viewed as unethical for flouting them. I do not seek to defend either vitality or community as the best explanation of when and why addiction is immoral, instead arguing that each of these characteristically African values grounds an independent and plausible account of that. I conclude that both vitalism and communalism merit consideration as rivals to accounts that Western ethicists would typically make, according to which addiction is immoral insofar as it degrades rationality or autonomy, as per Kantianism, or causes pain or dissatisfaction, Ă la utilitarianism
The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN032010 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
An inhalation study combining nanoTiO2 and Paraquat exposure in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease: a novel approach to study nanopesticides impact on brain function
International audienc
Release of Nano-objects, their aggregates and agglomerates from Masks: ambitions and scientific objectives of the RENAAME project
Le contexte pandĂ©mique a mis en avant la nĂ©cessitĂ© de disposer de masques (chirurgicaux, de protection respiratoire FFPx et Ă usage non sanitaire). Pour la fabrication de ces diffĂ©rents types de masques, l’ajout de nanomatĂ©riaux reprĂ©sente une voie majeure d’innovation mais est aussi source de prĂ©occupation sanitaire en lien avec une possible exposition par inhalation aux nano-objets, leurs agrĂ©gats et agglomĂ©rats (NOAA). Ainsi, plusieurs produits commerciaux dĂ©clarant des propriĂ©tĂ©s biocides/virucides ont soulevĂ© diverses interrogations au niveau national [1] et international [2] quant Ă leur innocuitĂ©, aboutissant Ă leur retrait dès la mise sur le marchĂ©. Plus rĂ©cemment, la prĂ©sence de NOAA de TiO2 dans des masques a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e [3] alors qu’aucune mention n’Ă©tait prĂ©cisĂ©e sur leurs emballages. Ce sujet de prĂ©occupation relativement Ă©mergent souffre cependant d’un manque de dĂ©veloppement mĂ©thodologique en ce qui concerne l’Ă©valuation de l’exposition par inhalation aux NOAA lors de l’utilisation de masques. Le projet RENAAME vise Ă dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thodologie d’Ă©valuation du relargage potentiel en phase aĂ©rosol des nanomatĂ©riaux dĂ©clarĂ©s ou impliquĂ©s sans indication commerciale dans la fabrication de masques afin d’Ă©valuer l’exposition par inhalation dans des conditions rĂ©alistes d’utilisation. L’originalitĂ© du projet RENAAME consiste Ă dĂ©velopper et valider une approche couplant analyse des matĂ©riaux constitutifs des masques et des aĂ©rosols potentiellement Ă©mis. Si des travaux prĂ©normatifs sont en cours (ISO/TC229 et ISO/NP TS11353) sur ce sujet, le nombre d’Ă©tudes scientifiques dĂ©diĂ©es s’avère très limitĂ©. La mĂ©thodologie proposĂ©e vise Ă quantifier la fraction mobilisable (FM) de NOAA dans les masques puis Ă caractĂ©riser la fraction relarguĂ©e (FR) en phase aĂ©rosol pour des conditions reprĂ©sentatives d’utilisation. Cette Ă©valuation sera menĂ©e sur des masques dĂ©clarant commercialement la prĂ©sence de nanomatĂ©riaux prĂ©sentant un potentiel risque sanitaire (dans le cas de ce projet NOAA composĂ©s de TiO2 et d’Ag), mais Ă©galement sur des masques ne mentionnant aucune utilisation explicite de NOAA. La dĂ©termination de ces deux fractions permettra in-fine d’aboutir Ă un classement des diffĂ©rents types de masques en fonction de leur pouvoir Ă©missif (PE=FR/FM). L’objectif de cette communication est de prĂ©senter les actions visĂ©es dans le projet RENAAME ainsi que la mĂ©thodologie expĂ©rimentale associĂ©e et les Ă©tapes nĂ©cessaires Ă sa qualification et sa validation. Les premiers rĂ©sultats, en ce qui concerne l’identification par spectroscopie de fluorescence des rayons X (XRF), la quantification par spectromĂ©trie de masse/d’Ă©mission atomique de plasma Ă couplage inductif (ICP-MS/OES) et l’analyse dimensionnelle par microscopie Ă©lectronique (MEB/MET) de NOAA potentiellement prĂ©sents, seront prĂ©sentĂ©s. Ce projet est financĂ© par le Programme National de Recherche Environnement SantĂ©-Travail de l’ANSES avec le soutien des ministères chargĂ©s de l’environnement, de l’agriculture et du travail (ANSES-22-EST-023). [1] https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/CONSO2021SA0089.pdf [2] https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/fr/avis-rappel/masques-contenant-du-gr… [3] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06605-w</p
VUV spectroscopy and photochemistry of five interstellar and putative prebiotic molecules
For many years, our group has been investigating the VUV spectroscopy and photochemistry
of molecules of astrophysical (Jochims et al. 200
Impact of batch variability on physicochemical properties of manufactured TiO2 and SiO2 nanopowders
International audienceThe development, manufacturing and commercialization of nanomaterials require traceable characterisation processes for quality control and safety of both the exposed workers and final customers. Even if the production batches are considered to be compliant with the industrial applications intended by manufacturers, it is necessary to study the reproducibility of the manufacturing process of nanomaterials independently, so as to determine the variability of key physico-chemical properties of nano-objects from one batch to another.In this study, a metrological approach was employed, using different traceable analytical techniques (X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nitrogen physisorption with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, X-Ray Fluorescence, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Aerodynamic Particle Sizer) to develop robust, reproducible and statistical methods to evaluate the impact of batch variability on physico-chemical properties of manufactured titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide nano-powders (crystalline structure, crystallite size, primary particle size, specific surface area, chemical composition and the dustiness of nanopowders).Five references of manufactured titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles were characterized with the developed measurement protocols. The reproducibilities of five batches by reference were overall inferior to 10% for crystalline structures, primary particle sizes, specific surface areas and the chemical composition of major components (TiO2 and SiO2) of the nanopowders studied (k = 1). As for the size distributions of released particles from dustiness tests, reproducibility for the modal and mean diameters ranged between 2% and 27%. Moreover, a large variation of nanopowder dustiness was obtained for the same material type (TiO2 or SiO2). This could point out that the physico-chemical properties of nanopowders, linked to the manufacturing process, have a strong impact on the dustiness parameter