DSP-Based Field-Oriented Step Motor Control

The SMC3 motor drive has been built using an Analog Devices ADSP-2101 digital signal processor (DSP). The SMC3 is designed to work with two-phase step motors, which are permanent magnet motors with many (typically 100) poles. The firmware in the SMC3 DSP drives the step motor phase windings using field-oriented control rather than using single steps. This method derives the maximum theoretical performance from the motor. This paper describes field-oriented control, and how the SMC3 hardware and firmware implements it

Synchronous Motor Phase Control By Vector Addition of Induced Winding Voltages

We propose a simple low-cost approach to the winding-sensed control of three-phase synchronous permanent-magnet motors. Our approach results from a straightforward but elegant application of vector-based motor theory. The method therefore does not depend on the differential equations that describe the motor dynamics, and it does not depend on the particular motor parameters. The single method we derive applies to both wye- and delta-configured motors. We vectorially sum the voltage waveforms at the motor terminals in a certain way and use their zero crossings to produce a correctly phased six-step switch sequence. We discuss the implementation for both wye- and delta-configured motors, and we present experimental results for a delta-configured implementation

DSP-Based Field-Oriented Step Motor Control

The SMC3 motor drive has been built using an Analog Devices ADSP-2101 digital signal processor (DSP). The SMC3 is designed to work with two-phase step motors, which are permanent magnet motors with many (typically 100) poles. The firmware in the SMC3 DSP drives the step motor phase windings using field-oriented control rather than using single steps. This method derives the maximum theoretical performance from the motor. This paper describes field-oriented control, and how the SMC3 hardware and firmware implements it

Synchronous Motor Phase Control By Vector Addition of Induced Winding Voltages

We propose a simple low-cost approach to the winding-sensed control of three-phase synchronous permanent-magnet motors. Our approach results from a straightforward but elegant application of vector-based motor theory. The method therefore does not depend on the differential equations that describe the motor dynamics, and it does not depend on the particular motor parameters. The single method we derive applies to both wye- and delta-configured motors. We vectorially sum the voltage waveforms at the motor terminals in a certain way and use their zero crossings to produce a correctly phased six-step switch sequence. We discuss the implementation for both wye- and delta-configured motors, and we present experimental results for a delta-configured implementation

The distributional impact of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003: a longitudinal study of the marriage penalty tax

This dissertation quantifies the magnitude of the marriage penalty tax and measures its distributional effects on the general population. Estimates of the marriage penalty tax were calculated based on the effects of the most recent tax act on all taxpayers according to class of income. The study measures the distribution of the marriage penalty tax using income tax data for the year 2000 and projects changes that result from the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Data for analysis was obtained from the Internal Revenue ServiceÂs Statistics of Income (SOI) database and the Census BureauÂs year 2000 Current Population Survey (CPS) database. On signing the new tax act, President Bush said that the current tax code frequently taxes couples more after they get married and that the marriage tax contradicts American values and any reasonable sense of fairness. However, even after passage of the new tax act, results of the study indicate that while the marriage penalty tax is reduced, it continues to negatively affect the American family

Patología escapulo-clavicular en un sujeto de Morella

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Patología de ligamentos en la meseta tibial

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to demonstrate the nuclear binding of flavanols and (--epigallocatechin gallate

The use of light microscopy and DMACA staining strongly suggested that plant and animal cell nuclei act as sinks for flavanols [1, 2]. Detailed uv-vis spectroscopic titration experiments indicated that histone proteins are the likely binding sites in the nucleus [2]. Here we report the development of a multi-photon excitation microscopy technique combined with fluorescent lifetime measurements of flavanols. Using this technique, (+) catechin, (-) epicatechin and (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed strikingly different excited state lifetimes in solution. Interaction of histone proteins with flavanols was indicated by the appearance of a significant τ2-component of 1.7 to 4.0ns. Tryptophan interference could be circumvented in the in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) experiments with 2-photon excitation at 630nm. This enabled visualisation and semi-quantitative measurements that demonstrated unequivocally the absorption of (+)catechin, (-)epicatechin and EGCG by nuclei of onion cells. 3D FLIM revealed for the first time that externally added EGCG penetrated the whole nucleus in onion cells. The relative proportions of EGCG in cytoplasm: nucleus: nucleoli were ca. 1:10:100. FLIM experiments may therefore facilitate probing the health effects of EGCG, which is the major constituent of green tea

Ermittlung der Kalium- und Calciumverteilung in Traubenachsen von Vitis vinifera mit Hilfe der Röntgenstrahlenmikroanalyse am Rasterelektronenmikroskop

Bei einem Limberger-Klon wurden Untersuchungen durchgeführt, welche Beziehungen zwischen der Kalium/Calcium-Relation und der Stiellähmeerkrankung aufzeigen. Hierfür wurde ein Verfahren mit dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop und einem Röntgenspektrometer angewandt. Es gestattet die Analyse kleinster Gewebekomplexe im Anfangsstadium der Krankheit. Untersucht wurden völlig gesunde und kranke Pflanzen - bei letzteren sowohl gesund erscheinende Stellen an Traubenstielen als auch schwach erkrankte Gewebe. Die Messungen erfolgten an der Stieloberfläche und an Querschnitten.Alle Untersuchungen zeigen, daß mit Beginn der Stiellähmekrankheit der Kalium/Calcium-Quotient größer wird. Davon sind die Oberfläche, das Rindenparenchym und auch das Xylem betroffen. Die größte Disharmonie zwischen Kalium und Calcium besteht im großzelligen Rindenparenchym.Determination of the K/Ca ratio in rachises of the vine clusters (Vitis vinifera L.) by an X-ray microanalyser with a scanning electron microscopeThe present study was conducted on rachises of Vitis vinifera L. during the early phase of stalk necrosis disease ('Stiellähme'). Amounts of K and Ca were recorded by an energy dispersion X-ray analyser with a scanning electron microscope.Samples were taken from healthy and diseased plants, the affected plants being divided into seemingly healthy and slightly necrotic tissues.In the case of the healthy-looking tissue from diseased plants, the ratio of K/Ca is high when compared with healthy plants. This tendency is accentuated in tissues with visible symptoms in the early phase of stalk necrosis disease.The imbalance between K and Ca was considerable, especially in the large parenchyma cells of the cortex and was less accentuated in the xylem and on the surface of the rachis