273 research outputs found
Intrinsic switching field distribution of arrays of Ni80Fe20 nanowires probed by magnetic force microscopy
The progress of magnetization reversal of weakly packed ferromagnetic
Ni80Fe20 nanowire arrays of different diameters (40, 50, 70 and 100 nm)
electrodeposited in polycarbonate membranes was studied by magnetic force
microscopy (MFM). For such a low packing density of nanomagnets, the dipolar
interactions between neighbouring wires can be neglected. The intrinsic
switching field distribution has been extracted from in situ MFM images and its
width was found to be considerably smaller than for densely packed nanowire
arrays.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Journal of Superconductivity and
Novel Magnetis
Magnetic force microscopy investigation of arrays of nickel nanowires and nanotubes
The magnetic properties of arrays of nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs), 150
nm in diameter, electrodeposited inside nanoporous polycarbonate membranes are
investigated. The comparison of the nanoscopic magnetic force microscopy (MFM)
imaging and the macroscopic behavior as measured by alternating gradient force
magnetometry (AGFM) is made. It is shown that MFM is a complementary technique
that provides an understanding of the magnetization reversal characteristics at
the microscopic scale of individual nanostructures. The local hysteresis loops
have been extracted by MFM measurements. The influence of the shape of such
elongated nanostructures on the dipolar coupling and consequently on the
squareness of the hysteresis curves is demonstrated. It is shown that the
nanowires exhibit stronger magnetic interactions than nanotubes. The
non-uniformity of the magnetization states is also revealed by combining the
MFM and AGFM measurements.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes Reveal Gene Expression Trajectories in Two Maturing Skin Epithelial Layers in Zebrafish Embryos.
Epithelial cells are the building blocks of many organs, including skin. The vertebrate skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, the outer periderm and inner basal cell layers, which have distinct properties, functions, and fates. The embryonic periderm ultimately disappears during development, whereas basal cells proliferate to form the mature, stratified epidermis. Although much is known about mechanisms of homeostasis in mature skin, relatively little is known about the two cell types in pre-stratification skin. To define the similarities and distinctions between periderm and basal skin epithelial cells, we purified them from zebrafish at early development stages and deeply profiled their gene expression. These analyses identified groups of genes whose tissue enrichment changed at each stage, defining gene flow dynamics of maturing vertebrate epithelia. At each of 52 and 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf), more than 60% of genes enriched in skin cells were similarly expressed in both layers, indicating that they were common epithelial genes, but many others were enriched in one layer or the other. Both expected and novel genes were enriched in periderm and basal cell layers. Genes encoding extracellular matrix, junctional, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins were prominent among those distinguishing the two epithelial cell types. In situ hybridization and BAC transgenes confirmed our expression data and provided new tools to study zebrafish skin. Collectively, these data provide a resource for studying common and distinguishing features of maturing epithelia
Magnetic force microscopy study of the switching field distribution of low density arrays of single domain magnetic nanowires
In the present work, we report on the in situ magnetic force microscopy (MFM)
study of the magnetization reversal in two-dimensional arrays of ferromagnetic
Ni80Fe20 and Co55Fe45 nanowires(NW) with different diameters (40, 50, 70 and
100 nm) deposited inside low porosity (P<1%) nanoporous polycarbonate
membranes. In such arrays, the nanowires are sufficiently isolated from each
other so that long range dipolar interactions can be neglected. The MFM
experiments performed for different magnetization states at the same spot of
the samples are analysed to determine the switching field distribution (SFD).
The magnetization curves obtained from the MFM images are relatively square
shaped. The SFD widths are narrower compared to those obtained for high density
arrays. The weak broadening of the curves may be ascribed to the NW intrinsic
SFD. The influence of diameter and composition of the ferromagnetic NW is also
investigated.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, To appear in Journal of Applied Physic
Copper(I) complexes as alternatives to iridium(III) complexes for highly efficient oxygen sensing
Cu(i) complexes outperforming Ir(iii) complexes for optical oxygen sensing are demonstrated, which creates new opportunities for low cost sensors.</p
Many-particle Brownian and Langevin Dynamics Simulations with the Brownmove package
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Brownian Dynamics (BD) is a coarse-grained implicit-solvent simulation method that is routinely used to investigate binary protein association dynamics, but due to its efficiency in handling large simulation volumes and particle numbers it is well suited to also describe many-protein scenarios as they often occur in biological cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we introduce our "brownmove" simulation package which was designed to handle many-particle problems with varying particle numbers and allows for a very flexible definition of rigid and flexible protein and polymer models. Both a Brownian and a Langevin dynamics (LD) propagation scheme can be used and hydrodynamic interactions are treated efficiently with our recently introduced TEA-HI ansatz [Geyer, Winter, JCP 130 (2009) 114905]. With simulations of constrained polymers and flexible models of spherical proteins we demonstrate that it is crucial to include hydrodynamics when multi-bead models are used in BD or LD simulations. Only then both the translational and the rotational diffusion coefficients and the timescales of the internal dynamics can be reproduced correctly. In the third example project we show how constant density boundary conditions [Geyer et al, JCP 120 (2004) 4573] can be used to set up a non-equilibrium simulation of diffusional transport across an array of fixed obstacles. Finally, we demonstrate how the agglomeration dynamics of multiple particles with attractive patches can be analysed conveniently with the help of a dynamic interaction network.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Combining BD and LD propagation, fast hydrodynamics, a flexible protein model, and interfaces for "open" simulation settings, our freely available "brownmove" simulation package constitutes a new platform for coarse-grained many-particle simulations of biologically relevant diffusion and transport processes.</p
Assessing sleep health in a European population: results of the catalan health survey 2015
Objective
To describe the overall sleep health of the Catalan population using data from the 2015 Catalan Health Survey and to compare the performance of two sleep health indicators: sleep duration and a 5-dimension sleep scale (SATED).
Methods
Multistage probability sampling representative of the non-institutionalized population aged 15 or more years, stratified by age, gender and municipality size, was used, excluding nightshift-workers. A total of 4385 surveys were included in the analyses. Associations between sleep health and the number of reported chronic diseases were assessed using non-parametric smoothed splines. Differences in the predictive ability of age-adjusted logistic regression models of self-rated health status were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess SATED determinants.
Results
Overall mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.18 (1.16) hours; and SATED score 7.91 (2.17) (range 0â10), lower (worse) scores were associated with increasing age and female sex. Alertness and efficiency were the most frequently impaired dimensions across age groups. SATED performed better than sleep duration when assessing self-rated health status (area under the curve = 0.856 vs. 0.798; p-value <0.001), and had a linear relationship with the number of reported chronic diseases, while the sleep duration relationship was u-shaped.
Conclusions
Sleep health in Catalonia is associated with age and gender. SATED has some advantaged compared to sleep duration assessment, as it relates linearly to health indicators, has a stronger association with self-rated health status, and provides a more comprehensive assessment of sleep health. Therefore, the inclusion of multi-dimensional sleep health assessment tools in national surveys should be considered.This work was cofunded by Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad [COFUND2014-51501]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
First, tau causes NO problem
Pathological tau disrupts the association between nitric oxide (NO) synthase and PSD95, impairing NO signaling and neurovascular coupling before causing neurodegeneration. Stopping production of pathological tau rescues NO signaling, neurovascular coupling and neuronal function, but doesnât remove tangles, suggesting that (like amyloid-ÎČ) soluble tau is an important driver of early neurovascular dysfunction and subsequent neuronal damage
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