Do Plant Secondary Metabolite‐Containing Forages Influence Soil Processes in Pasture Systems?

Grazed pastures are susceptible to N loss from urine/manure additions, which increases eutrophication, affecting the global N cycle. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as condensed tannins (CT) and terpenes, influence silviculture soil dynamics by generally decreasing N mineralization. We investigated whether cattle‐grazed pastures of non‐traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips including CT‐containing sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] influenced soil dynamics compared with traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), without tannins, and TF. Throughout the study, CT in sainfoin averaged 58.9 g kg−1 whereas alfalfa saponins averaged 5.7 g kg−1. We observed greater soil microbial respiration (p = .01) in TF strips than legume strips, indicating greater microbial activity, and between legumes we found greater soil NO3 (p = .01) in alfalfa than in sainfoin, although aboveground biomass and N differences were negligible. We also conducted a laboratory soil‐feces incubation study to determine if feces from cattle foraging diets of legumes with or without CT influenced soil dynamics. Both feces treatments showed lower NO3 (p \u3c .001) than without feces, suggesting microbial inhibition. Dehydrogenase activity (DHEA) was lower (p = .03) in sainfoin than alfalfa feces, suggesting CT from sainfoin inhibit DHEA. To our knowledge this study is the first considering whether CT‐containing sainfoin and saponin‐containing alfalfa influence soil dynamics by assessing general differences in soil parameters. More research is needed to determine whether specific PSM mitigate N loss in pasture systems by slowing N mineralization

The Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST): a scoping review of empirical studies

The evaluation of telemedicine can be achieved using different evaluation models or theoretical frameworks. This paper presents a scoping review of published studies which have applied the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine (MAST). MAST includes pre-implementation assessment (e.g. by use of participatory design), followed by multidisciplinary assessment, including description of the patients and the application and assessment of safety, clinical effectiveness, patient perspectives, economic aspects organisational aspects and socio-cultural, legal and ethical aspects. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In this article, research design and methods used in the multidisciplinary assessment are described, strengths and weaknesses are analysed, and recommendations for future research are presented

"Det er som at vente på et tog, der bliver ved med at være forsinket": - Coronatid fra et unge perspektiv

In the article, we are concerned with the challenges faced by young people during the corona pandemic. We focus on young people aged 15-19 who we usually think of as 'on their way out of the family', but who due to social restrictions are 'sent home in the family space'. Based on Corona as a 'break with the obvious' and with everyday life and time as central analytical categories, we focus on the corona time from the perspective of young people - understood as the different times or movements that the pandemic constitutes, and as everyday time - what it meant for the young people's everyday life to replace a social life outside the family with home life and online school. The corona crisis brought more conflicts in the family, worries, social deprivation but also more peace, nearness, presence and new thoughts about the future. In the article, we point to ambiguities, dilemmas, and movements over time in the young people's accounts of what the pandemic has brought about in terms of vulnerabilities and (new) strengths in their everyday lives. Finally, we relate our analyses to current discussions about young people's ill/well-being and the conditions of youth life. Keywords: Corona, youth life, everyday life, experiences of timeI artiklen er vi optaget af de udfordringer, unge oplevede i de år, der var præget af coronapandemien. Vi retter fokus på unge alderen 15-19 år, der kan siges at være ’på vej ud af familien’, men som på grund af nedlukninger og sociale restriktioner ’sendes hjem i familien’. Med afsæt i Corona som et ’selvfølgelighedsbrud’ og med hverdagsliv og tid som centrale analytiske kategorier sætter vi fokus på coronatiden set fra de unges perspektiv - både forstået som de forskellige tider eller bevægelser som pandemien udgjorde, men også den daglige tid, dvs. hvad det betød for de unges hverdagsliv at skifte et socialt liv uden for familien ud med hjemmeliv og onlineskole. Coronakrisen medførte både flere konflikter i familien, bekymringer, socialt savn og mere ro, nærvær med de nærmeste og nye tanker om fremtiden. I artiklen peger vi på dobbeltheder, dilemmaer og bevægelser over tid i de unges beretninger om, hvad pandemien har medført af sårbarheder og (nye) styrker i de ungeliv, de lever. Til slut perspektiverer vi til aktuelle diskussioner om unges (mis)trivsel og ungdomslivets vilkår. Nøgleord:Corona, Covid-19, ungdomsliv, hverdagsliv, tid, famili

Conceptual Challenges for Advancing the Socio-Technical Underpinnings of Health Informatics

This discussion paper considers the adoption of socio-technical perspectives and their theoretical and practical influence within the discipline of health informatics. The paper highlights the paucity of discussion of the philosophy, theory and concepts of socio-technical perspectives within health informatics. Instead of a solid theoretical base from which to describe, study and understand human-information technology interactions we continue to have fragmented, unelaborated understandings. This has resulted in a continuing focus on technical system performance and increasingly managerial outputs to the detriment of social and technical systems analysis. It has also limited critical analyses and the adaptation of socio-technical approaches beyond the immediate environment to the broader social systems of contemporary society, an expansion which is increasingly mandated in today’s complex health environment