1,172 research outputs found
Friction and diffusion of matter-wave bright solitons
We consider the motion of a matter-wave bright soliton under the influence of
a cloud of thermal particles. In the ideal one-dimensional system, the
scattering process of the quasiparticles with the soliton is reflectionless,
however, the quasiparticles acquire a phase shift. In the realistic system of a
Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a tight waveguide trap, the transverse
degrees of freedom generate an extra but small nonlinearity in the system which
gives rise to finite reflection and leads to dissipative motion of the soliton.
We calculate the velocity and temperature-dependent frictional force and
diffusion coefficient of a matter wave bright soliton immersed in a thermal
cloud
Decay of superfluid currents in the interacting one-dimensional Bose gas
We examine the superfluid properties of a 1D Bose gas in a ring trap based on
the model of Lieb and Liniger. While the 1D Bose gas has nonclassical
rotational inertia and exhibits quantization of velocities, the metastability
of currents depends sensitively on the strength of interactions in the gas: the
stronger the interactions, the faster the current decays. It is shown that the
Landau critical velocity is zero in the thermodynamic limit due to the first
supercurrent state, which has zero energy and finite probability of excitation.
We calculate the energy dissipation rate of ring currents in the presence of
weak defects, which should be observable on experimental time scales.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Исследование ресурса работы зондов для электроимпульсной литотрипсии
В данной статье представлена оценка ресурса работы зондов различных конструкций для электроимпульсной литотрипсии, выявлены наиболее часто возникающие дефекты. Сделаны выводы о перспективах применения и дальнейшего усовершенствования конструкций
Polarizability and dynamic structure factor of the one-dimensional Bose gas near the Tonks-Girardeau limit at finite temperatures
Correlation functions related to the dynamic density response of the
one-dimensional Bose gas in the model of Lieb and Liniger are calculated. An
exact Bose-Fermi mapping is used to work in a fermionic representation with a
pseudopotential Hamiltonian. The Hartree-Fock and generalized random phase
approximations are derived and the dynamic polarizability is calculated. The
results are valid to first order in 1/\gamma where \gamma is Lieb-Liniger
coupling parameter. Approximations for the dynamic and static structure factor
at finite temperature are presented. The results preclude superfluidity at any
finite temperature in the large-\gamma regime due to the Landau criterion. Due
to the exact Bose-Fermi duality, the results apply for spinless fermions with
weak p-wave interactions as well as for strongly interacting bosons.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, the journal versio
Skew-Unfolding the Skorokhod Reflection of a Continuous Semimartingale
The Skorokhod reflection of a continuous semimartingale is unfolded, in a
possibly skewed manner, into another continuous semimartingale on an enlarged
probability space according to the excursion-theoretic methodology of Prokaj
(2009). This is done in terms of a skew version of the Tanaka equation, whose
properties are studied in some detail. The result is used to construct a system
of two diffusive particles with rank-based characteristics and skew-elastic
collisions. Unfoldings of conventional reflections are also discussed, as are
examples involving skew Brownian Motions and skew Bessel processes.Comment: 20 pages. typos corrected, added a remark after Proposition 2.3,
simplified the last part of Example 2.
Von Neumann's Quantization of General Relativity
Von Neumann's procedure is applied for quantization of General Relativity. We
quantize the initial data of dynamical variables at the Planck epoch, where the
Hubble parameter coincides with the Planck mass. These initial data are defined
via the Fock simplex in the tangent Minkowskian space-time and the Dirac
conformal interval. The Einstein cosmological principle is applied for the
average of the spatial metric determinant logarithm over the spatial volume of
the visible Universe. We derive the splitting of the general coordinate
transformations into the diffeomorphisms (as the object of the second N\"other
theorem) and the initial data transformations (as objects of the first N\"other
theorem). Following von Neumann, we suppose that the vacuum state is a quantum
ensemble. The vacuum state is degenerated with respect to quantum numbers of
non-vacuum states with the distribution function that yields the Casimir effect
in gravidynamics in analogy to the one in electrodynamics. The generation
functional of the perturbation theory in gravidynamics is given as a solution
of the quantum energy constraint. We discuss the region of applicability of
gravidynamics and its possible predictions for explanation of the modern
observational and experimental data.Comment: 14 pages, updated version with extended discussio
Who Are You Going to Call? Primary Care Patients’ Disclosure Decisions Regarding Direct–to–Consumer Genetic Testing
Background: Direct–to–consumer genetic testing (DTCGT) offers risk estimates for a variety of complex diseases and conditions, yet little is known about its impact on actual users, including their decisions about sharing the information gleaned from testing. Ethical considerations include the impact of unsolicited genetic information with variable validity and clinical utility on relatives, and the possible burden to the health care system if revealed to physicians. Aims: The qualitative study explored primary care patients’ views, attitudes, and decision making considerations regarding DTCGT. This article focuses on the disclosure decisions participants made regarding participation, testing, and results of DTCGT, a topic which arose as a secondary aim of the study. Methods: Through four longitudinal interviews (pre–test, results, 3 and 12 months post–test) we examined twenty primary care patients’ decisions, expressed intentions, and actions regarding disclosure to immediate and extended family, friends and coworkers, and physicians about participation in and results of DTCGT. Individual interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and a summative approach to describe the global themes. Results: Most participants disclosed to some immediate family; less than half disclosed to extended family; approximately half talked to friends. Most participants stated they would or might disclose to physicians about DTCGT and a few did. Conceptual themes that emerged from the data analysis include ambivalence about disclosure, consistency between intention and actual disclosure behavior and decisions, and conditional information sharing. Conclusions: Participants’ intentional and actual disclosure patterns offer insight into how they view DTCGT, weigh results, and the potential impact of DTCGT
OpenADAM: an open source genome-wide association data management system for Affymetrix SNP arrays
BACKGROUND: Large scale genome-wide association studies have become popular since the introduction of high throughput genotyping platforms. Efficient management of the vast array of data generated poses many challenges. DESCRIPTION: We have developed an open source web-based data management system for the large amount of genotype data generated from the Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping Array and Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array platforms. The database supports genotype calling using DM, BRLMM, BRLMM-P or Birdseed algorithms provided by the Affymetrix Power Tools. The genotype and corresponding pedigree data are stored in a relational database for efficient downstream data manipulation and analysis, such as calculation of allele and genotype frequencies, sample identity checking, and export of genotype data in various file formats for analysis using commonly-available software. A novel method for genotyping error estimation is implemented using linkage disequilibrium information from the HapMap project. All functionalities are accessible via a web-based user interface. CONCLUSION: OpenADAM provides an open source database system for management of Affymetrix genome-wide association SNP data.published_or_final_versio
Theory of superfluidity and drag force in the one-dimensional Bose gas
The one-dimensional Bose gas is an unusual superfluid. In contrast to higher
spatial dimensions, the existence of non-classical rotational inertia is not
directly linked to the dissipationless motion of infinitesimal impurities.
Recently, experimental tests with ultracold atoms have begun and quantitative
predictions for the drag force experienced by moving obstacles have become
available. This topical review discusses the drag force obtained from linear
response theory in relation to Landau's criterion of superfluidity. Based upon
improved analytical and numerical understanding of the dynamical structure
factor, results for different obstacle potentials are obtained, including
single impurities, optical lattices and random potentials generated from
speckle patterns. The dynamical breakdown of superfluidity in random potentials
is discussed in relation to Anderson localization and the predicted
superfluid-insulator transition in these systems.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, mini-review prepared for the special issue of
Frontiers of Physics "Recent Progresses on Quantum Dynamics of Ultracold
Atoms and Future Quantum Technologies", edited by Profs. Lee, Ueda, and
Drummon
Enhanced activation of an amino-terminally truncated isoform of the voltage-gated proton channel HVCN1 enriched in malignant B cells
The final published version can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411390111M.C. is the recipient of a Bennett Fellowship from Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research (ref. 12002). M.A.B. is supported by a GlaxoSmithKline Oncology–Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Collaborative Awards in Science and Engineering PhD studentship. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM087507 and GM102336 (to T.E.D.)
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