Prediction of Beef Palatability Factors and Relationships Between Live and Carcass Traits

The agricultural industry or South Dakota is primarily based on the beer cow and her products. Cattle feeders had 275, 000 head of cattle and calves on feed on July 1, 1970, a 2 percent increase over July 1, 1969. South Dakota has about 1, 719, 000 beef cows which is 38 percent more than a decade ago. The state can continue to increase beef production in many ways such as retaining mare cows to produce feeders, increasing calving percentage, using crossbreeding, or feeding cattle to heavier weights. Increased carrying capacity through irrigation and management may be another avenue to increased production. In 1949, 63 pounds of beef was the annual per capita consumption. By 1959 it was 81 pounds and increased to 112 pounds in 1969. Beef is providing more nutrition than ever before and some people believe this country will need 33 percent more beef by 1980. Although increased beef tonnage will be required to satisfy increasing demands, maintenance, improvement and standardization of beef quality are also necessary during the next decade. Manufacturers of meat substitutes will capitalize on the ability to standardize palatability characteristics. Quality and palatability indicators in the live animal and the carcass must be identified and utilized by the beef industry to maintain and improve its position in the main dish market. Presently, tenderness is the variable having the most influence on consumer quality evaluation of beef

Postdivorce variables related to children\u27s adjustment to their parents\u27 divorce

The divorce rate has steadily increased in the United States. In 1960, fewer than 10 out of every 1,000 marriages ended in divorce, but the figure more than doubled by 1980 (Cherlin, 1981, cited in Emery, Hetherington & DiLalla, 1985). In 1984, 50 percent of all first marriages ended in divorce (Glick, 1984) with an even higher rate of divorce for remarriages (Berns, 1985). Many of these divorces involve children. With estimates of at least 50 percent of the children born in the 1980s likely to find themselves in a divorce situation before their 18th birthday (Glick & Lin, 1986), divorce has become a fact of life for many children. It is also expected that by the year 2000, 60% of U.S. children will spend some part of their lives in single-parent homes (Jellinek & Klavan, 1988). Even though the divorce rate has leveled off in recent years (Hetherington, Stanley-Hagan, & Anderson, 1989), it is clear that children in the 1990s are much more likely to experience the disruption of their parents\u27 marriage and to live with a single parent than were children in the 1960s (Demo, 1992)

Can Beef Quality Be Evaluated?

Beef quality is important to the consumer. She wants to serve tender, juicy, tasty beef to her family each time she serves it. If she can consistently serve quality beef, she will serve beef frequently. If she finds that she cannot consistently serve quality beef cuts, she will serve something else. For that reason, beef quality becomes important to every one along the production line between the brood cow and the consumer

A Super-Fast Distributed Algorithm for Bipartite Metric Facility Location

The \textit{facility location} problem consists of a set of \textit{facilities} $\mathcal{F}$, a set of \textit{clients} $\mathcal{C}$, an \textit{opening cost} $f_i$ associated with each facility $x_i$, and a \textit{connection cost} $D(x_i,y_j)$ between each facility $x_i$ and client $y_j$. The goal is to find a subset of facilities to \textit{open}, and to connect each client to an open facility, so as to minimize the total facility opening costs plus connection costs. This paper presents the first expected-sub-logarithmic-round distributed O(1)-approximation algorithm in the $\mathcal{CONGEST}$ model for the \textit{metric} facility location problem on the complete bipartite network with parts $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{C}$. Our algorithm has an expected running time of $O((\log \log n)^3)$ rounds, where $n = |\mathcal{F}| + |\mathcal{C}|$. This result can be viewed as a continuation of our recent work (ICALP 2012) in which we presented the first sub-logarithmic-round distributed O(1)-approximation algorithm for metric facility location on a \textit{clique} network. The bipartite setting presents several new challenges not present in the problem on a clique network. We present two new techniques to overcome these challenges. (i) In order to deal with the problem of not being able to choose appropriate probabilities (due to lack of adequate knowledge), we design an algorithm that performs a random walk over a probability space and analyze the progress our algorithm makes as the random walk proceeds. (ii) In order to deal with a problem of quickly disseminating a collection of messages, possibly containing many duplicates, over the bipartite network, we design a probabilistic hashing scheme that delivers all of the messages in expected-$O(\log \log n)$ rounds.Comment: 22 pages. This is the full version of a paper that appeared in DISC 201

Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference in a multi-anticrossing system

We propose a universal analytical method to study the dynamics of a multi-anticrossing system subject to driving by one single large-amplitude triangle pulse, within its time scales smaller than the dephasing time. Our approach can explain the main features of the Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference patterns recently observed in a tripartite system [Nature Communications 1:51 (2010)]. In particular, we focus on the effects of the size of anticrossings on interference and compare the calculated interference patterns with numerical simulations. In addition, Fourier transform of the patterns can extract information on the energy level spectrum.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Lessons from the Congested Clique Applied to MapReduce

The main results of this paper are (I) a simulation algorithm which, under quite general constraints, transforms algorithms running on the Congested Clique into algorithms running in the MapReduce model, and (II) a distributed $O(\Delta)$-coloring algorithm running on the Congested Clique which has an expected running time of (i) $O(1)$ rounds, if $\Delta \geq \Theta(\log^4 n)$; and (ii) $O(\log \log n)$ rounds otherwise. Applying the simulation theorem to the Congested-Clique $O(\Delta)$-coloring algorithm yields an $O(1)$-round $O(\Delta)$-coloring algorithm in the MapReduce model. Our simulation algorithm illustrates a natural correspondence between per-node bandwidth in the Congested Clique model and memory per machine in the MapReduce model. In the Congested Clique (and more generally, any network in the $\mathcal{CONGEST}$ model), the major impediment to constructing fast algorithms is the $O(\log n)$ restriction on message sizes. Similarly, in the MapReduce model, the combined restrictions on memory per machine and total system memory have a dominant effect on algorithm design. In showing a fairly general simulation algorithm, we highlight the similarities and differences between these models.Comment: 15 page

Arc electrode interaction study

The project consisted of two parts: (1) the cathode interaction studies which were a continuation of previous work and had the objective of increasing our understanding of the microscopic phenomena controlling cathode erosion in arc jet thrusters, and (2) the studies of the anode attachment in arc jet thrusters. The cathode interaction studies consisted of (1) a continuation of some modeling work in which the previously derived model for the cathode heating was applied to some specific gases and electrode materials, and (2) experimental work in which various diagnostics was applied to the cathode. The specific diagnostics used were observation of the cathode tip during arcing using a Laser Strobe Video system in conjunction with a tele-microscope, a monochromator with an optical multichannel analyzer for the determination of the cathode temperature distribution, and various ex situ materials analysis methods. The emphasis of our effort was shifted to the cathode materials analysis because a parallel project was in place during the second half of 1993 with a visiting scientist pursuing arc electrode materials studies. As a consequence, the diagnostic investigations of the arc in front of the cathode had to be postponed to the first half of 1994, and we are presently preparing these measurements. The results of last year's study showed some unexpected effects influencing the cathode erosion behavior, such as increased erosion away from the cathode tip, and our understanding of these effects should improve our ability to control cathode erosion. The arc jet anode attachment studies concentrated on diagnostics of the instabilities in subsonic anode attachment arc jet thrusters, and were supplemental measurements to work which was performed by one of the authors who spent the summer as an intern at NASA Lewis Research Center. A summary of the results obtained during the internship are included because they formed an integral part of the study. Two tasks for 1994, the diagnostics of the anode closure phenomenon, and the use of arc jet thrusters for the deposition of c-BN, are being prepared