Gobernabilidad en Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Pautas para mayor transparencia y democracia local

A partir de los años ochenta se inició una nueva etapa democrática en Bolivia, después de quince años de alternar entre gobiernos dictatoriales y constitucionales. La profundización de la democracia fue prolongada (1978-1982), costosa, lenta y complicada. El desarrollo de las democracias locales, como parte del proceso general, constituyó un paso importante en esta consolidación y estuvo marcada por la aprobación de leyes que promueven la descentralización y la participación popular, tendientes a fortalecer la institucionalidad pública y a mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, con una distribución más equitativa de los recursos financieros administrados bajo el régimen de vigilancia y control social. El proceso estuvo matizado por problemas de legitimidad y gobernabilidad. Una vez superados los unos se presentaron otros, generando un debate permanente y cambiante sobre el tema

Asymptomatic HIV-people present different profile of sCD14, sRAGE, DNA damage and vitamins, according to the use of cART and CD4+ T cells restoration.

We aimed to analyze markers of immune activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in 92 asymptomatic HIV-infected patients according to the adequate (AR, >500 cells/mm(3)) or inadequate (IR, nAR > LTNP > tAR > tIR. Higher levels of 8-isoprostane were observed in nIR. LTNP presented a higher retinol dosage than tAR and less genotoxic damage induced by oxidative stress than the other groups. We suggest that the therapy, despite being related to lesser immune activation and inflammation, alters the vitamin profile and consequently increases the oxidative stress of patients. In addition, the lowest genotoxic index for LTNP indicates that both VL and cART could be responsible for the increased DNA damage. More studies are needed to understand the influence of cART on persistent immune activation and inflammation

Root-infecting fungi associated with a decline of longleaf pine in the southeastern United States

symptoms A 35year-old longleaf pine stand exhibited trees in various stages of decline. A study was conducted to determine root-infecting fungi and other abnormalities associated with varying degrees of crown symptoms. A four-class crown symptom rating system was devised according to ascending symptom severity. Leptographium procerum and L. terebrantis were significantly associated with increasing crown symptom severity. Heterobasidion annosum was also isolated in higher frequency as crown symptoms increased. Also, evidence of insects on roots increased as did amount of resinosis observed. Edaphic and silvicultural factors may interact with these pathogens and insects to pose a pathological limitation on longer-term management objectives. Further research is needed to determine relationships among various edaphic, silvicultural, and biological factors associated with the decline syndrome on this site. t

Application Of The Ultrasonic Technique For The Measurement Of The Dispersed Phases Concentrations In Three-phase Oil-continuous Mixtures

This paper examines the possibility of eliminating or diminishing the need for mixing and separation in multiphase flow metering (MFM) systems by means of the ultrasonic technique. First, a configuration of a complete MFM system using the ultrasonic is proposed and thoroughly discussed. Next, visual data and ultrasonic data in oil-continuous two- and three-phase mixtures in 54-mm diameter acrylic pipes are presented to support the proposed use to the ultrasonic technique. USP mineral oil (white oil) and 80-600 μm glass beads were used to simulate the petroleum and sand contents, respectively. Tap water was used to simulate the brine in multiphase flows. The ultrasonic data are then carefully analyzed in order to obtain the dispersed phases concentrations from the ultrasonic signals. © BHR Group 2012.185198Gold, R.C., Miller, J.S., Priddy, W.J., (1991) Measurement of Multiphase Well Fluids by Positive Displacement Meter, , BP Intl. Ltd. Offshore Europe, 3-6 September Aberdeen, United KingdomGoncalves, J.L., Paiva, T.A., Abud Jr., J.R., Carvalho, R.D.M., Venturini, O.J., Development of a Multiphase Flow Metering Procedure Based on the Ultrasonic Technique 15th International Conference on Multiphase Production Technology. 2011, , Cannes, France: BHR Group LimitedCorneliussen, S., (2005) Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering, , Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurement (NFOGM) and The Norwegian Society of Chartered Technical and Scientific Professionals (TEKNA). ISBN 82-91341-89-3Babelli, I.M.M., In search of an ideal multiphase flow meter for the oil industry (2001) The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 27 (2 B), pp. 113-126Falcone, G., Hewitt, G.F., Alimonti, C., Harrison, B., Multiphase Flow Metering: Current Trends and Future Developments SPE 2002 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 30 September-3 October 2001. New OrleansKouba, G.E., Shoham, O., Shirazi, S., Design and performance of gas liquid cylindrical cyclone separators BHR Group 7th International Conference on Multiphase 95, 1995Scheers, L., Multiphase Flow Metering: On its way from nursing to mature technology Hydrocarbon Production Accounting Workshop. 2008. Moscow, Russia(2004) Micro Motion-Inc White Paper: Explaining How Two-phase Flow Affects Mass Flowmeters, , Emerson Process Management. Boulder, Colorado, USA(2012) Catalog Multiphase Flow Meter 50 Series, , http://www.agarcorp.com/Literature/MPFM50.html, Solutions, A.C.P.M.C., 01(2012) Catalog Multiphase Metering Systems (Remms). Red Eye 2G Water-Cut Meter, , http://www.ep-solutions.com/solutions/EP/Red_Eye_, Weatherford I. Ltd. janCai, S., Toral, H., Experience in field tuning and operation of a multiphase meter based on neural net characterization of flow conditions FLOMEKO 2004. 2004: Gulin, China(2006) Ultrasonic Transducers Technical Notes, , Panametrics' Notes. Olympus, NTanahashi, E.I., Paiva, T.A., Grangeiro, F.A., Carvalho, R.D.M., Venturini, O.J., Bannwart, A.C., Bizotto, V.C., Application of the Ultrasonic technique for monitoring intermittent liquid-gas flows and liquid-solid flows (2010) 7th North American Conference on Multiphase Technology (MPNA 2010)Carvalho, R.D.M., Bannwart, A.C., The Use of the Ultrasonic Technique for the Study and Online Monitoring of Multiphase Flows (2010) Advances in Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer, pp. 144-177. , D.M. L. Cheng, Editor. Bentham Science PublishersCarvalho, R.D.M., Venturini, O.J., Tanahashi, E.I., Neves Jr., F., Franca, F.A., Application of the Ultrasonic Technique for the Study of the Structure of Air-Water Bubbly Flows (2009) Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 33 (7), pp. 1065-1086Corneliussen, S., (2005) Excel File from Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering, , www.nfogm.no, The Norwegian Society of Chartered Technical and Scientific Professionals (TEKNA), ISBN 82-91341-89-3 Ja