Vertical structure of extreme currents in the Faroe-Bank Channel

Extreme currents are studied with the aim of understanding their vertical and spatial structures in the Faroe-Bank Channel. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler time series recorded in 3 deployments in this channel were investigated. To understand the main features of extreme events, the measurements were separated into their components through filtering and tidal analysis before applying the extreme value theory to the surge component. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution and the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) were used to study the variation of surge extremes from near-surface to deep waters. It was found that this component alone is not able to explain the extremes measured in total currents, particularly below 500 m. Here the mean residual flow enhanced by tidal rectification was found to be the component feature dominating extremes. Therefore, it must be taken into consideration when applying the extreme value theory, not to underestimate the return level for total currents. Return value speeds up to 250 cm s<sup>–1</sup> for 50/250 years return period were found for deep waters, where the flow is constrained by the topography at bearings near 300/330° It is also found that the UK Meteorological Office FOAM model is unable to reproduce either the magnitude or the form for the extremes, perhaps due to its coarse vertical and horizontal resolution, and is thus not suitable to model extremes on a regional scale.<p> <b>Keywords.</b> Oceanography: Physical (Currents; General circulation; General or miscellaneous

Vertical structure of currents in the vicinity of the Iceland-Scotland Ridge

An analysis of current profiles carried out on moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data sets recorded during the Variability of Exchanges In the Northern Seas project is presented here for several locations in three sections in the vicinity of the Iceland-Scotland Ridge: (1) north of the Faroes, (2) in the Faroe-Bank Channel and (3) in the Faroe-Shetland Channel. Total currents have been decomposed into three components, namely the mean residual flow, tide and surge. The mean residual flow is found to be dominant. Results for the major tidal constituents (<i>M<sub>2</sub></i>, <i>S<sub>2</sub></i>, <i>N<sub>2</sub></i>, <i>O<sub>1</sub></i> and <i>K<sub>1</sub></i>) are shown and discussed. It is found that the predominant tidal harmonic <i>M<sub>2</sub></i> becomes steered through depth to align with the bottom topography. The mean residual flow is found to be generally larger than the surge, particularly in the Faroe-Bank Channel below 500m depth where it is the dominant component. Here tidal rectification, i.e. the topographic rectification of tidal currents originating in nonlinearities that rectify the oscillatory tidal motion, is identified as the process enhancing the large mean residual currents found. From the current structure, two water masses are identified in the channel: the upper slowing moving inflow water and the colder outflow water characterised by a 3–6-day periodicity. In the Faroe-Shetland Channel the flow is characterised by large tidal currents, particularly in shallow waters. Instead, north of the Faroes none of the component was identified as dominant. The results show that the variability of the current components is strongly dependent upon topography and water depth.<br><br> <b>Keywords.</b> Oceanography: Physical (Currents; General circulation; General or miscellaneous

How Undergraduates Are Affected by Service Participation

Based on entering freshman and follow-up data collected from 3,450 students (2,287 women and 1,163 men) attending 42 institutions with federally funded community service programs, the impact of community service participation on undergraduate student development was examined. Even after regression analyses controlled for individual student characteristics at the time of college entry, including the propensity to engage in service, results indicate that participating in service during the undergraduate years substantially enhances the student\u27s academic development, life skill development, and sense of civic responsibility

Long-Term Effects of Volunteerism During the Undergraduate Years

A growing number of colleges and universities in the United States have become actively engaged in encouraging their undergraduate students to participate in some form of volunteer service (Cohen & Kinsey, 1994; Levine, 1994; Markus, Howard, & King, 1993; O\u27Brien, 1993). Further, service is increasingly being incorporated into the curriculums of major and general education courses (Cohen & Kinsey, 1994; Levine, 1994). While relatively few colleges include service learning or volunteer service as a curricular requirement, the number is growing and such a requirement has become an increasingly frequent topic of debate (Markus, Howard, & King, 1993). That the top leadership in higher education has become increasingly supportive of service as part of the [End Page 187] undergraduate experience is reflected in the phenomenal growth of the Campus Compact, a consortium of colleges and universities dedicated to promoting service among students and faculty. The Campus Compact now numbers well over 500 institutions

Expiratory muscle strength training improves measures of pressure generation and cough strength in a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) exercise programmes aim to improve respiratory function by increasing the force generating capability of expiratory muscles by resistance training. In neuromuscular conditions, in which cough flow generation is often decreased, there is increasing interest in EMST as a therapeutic intervention. We present data showing efficacy of EMST in a patient with adult onset Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). A domiciliary training programme (5 days per week over 32 weeks) resulted in increases in maximum expiratory mouth pressure (from 15 cmH2O to 38 cmH2O) and peak cough flow (300 L/min to 390 L/min). Improvements were also seen in maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (26 cmH2O to 52 cmH2O) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (40 cmH2O to 69 cmH2O). No changes were detected in speech or swallowing. This novel study demonstrates that cough flow generation in DM1 may be increased by a programme of expiratory muscle training. A clinical trial of EMST in DM1 is warranted

Penggunaan Analogi dalam Pembelajaran Kesetimbangan Kimia untuk Mencegah Miskonsepsi Mahasiswa Kimia Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Semester II Tahun Akademik 2014/2015

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran (Mixed Methods) yang merupakan gabungan metode kualitatif dan kuatitatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) Untuk mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi mahasiswa pada konsep kesetimbangan kimia. 2) Untuk mengukur keefektifan penggunaan analogi dalam pembelajaran untuk mencegah miskonsepsi pada konsepi kesetimbangan kimia. 3) Untuk mendeskripsikan struktur pemahaman mahasiswa dalam memahami konsepi kesetimbangan kimia. Populasi sekaligus sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa jurusan kimia yang berjumlah 65 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes pemahaman konsep kesetimbangan kimia dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Teknik Analisis data untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi dilakukan dengan menganalisa kombinasi jawaban dan alasan dengan merujuk pada kategori pemahaman Tuysuz (2009), dan untuk mengukur keefektifan penggunaan analogi dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA sedangkan untuk menganaliis hasil wawancara semi terstruktur didasarkan pada kategori CRI hasil modifikasi Hakim, dkk (2009). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang menggunakan analogi efektif untuk mencegah miskonsepsi hal ini dapat dilihat dari penurunan yang signifikan pada kelas eksperimen setelah adanya perlakuan yaitu sebesar 14,68%. Struktur pemahaman mereka mengenai konsep kesetimbangan kimia tidak menyeluruh sehingga mahasiswa tidak berhasil mengaitkan konsep yang satu dengan konsep yang lain, serta gagal memahami konsep dasar sehingga tidak mampu memahami konsep selanjutnya dengan benar. Dalam hal ini mereka masih keliru dan masih sulit untuk menjelaskan konsep kesetimbangan dinamis, pergeseran kesetimbangan dan rumus penentuan tetapan kesetimbangan

Evaluation of Learn and Serve America, Higher Education: First Year Report, Volume I

This report presents evaluation results for the first year of the Learn and Serve America, Higher Education (LSAHE) initiative, sponsored by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS). It addresses impacts of LSAHE on communities, higher education institutions, and service providers

BinCam:designing for engagement with Facebook for behavior change

Abstract. In this paper we continue work to investigate how we can engage young adults in behaviors of recycling and the prevention of food waste through social media and persuasive and ubiquitous computing systems. Our previous work with BinCam, a two-part design combining a system for the collection of waste-related behaviors with a Facebook application, suggested that although this ubiquitous system could raise awareness of recycling behavior, engagement with social media remained low. In this paper we reconsider our design in terms of engagement, examining both the theoretical and practical ways in which engagement can be designed for. This paper presents findings from a new user study exploring the redesign of the social media interface following this analysis. By incorporating elements of gamification, social support and improved data visualization, we contribute insights on the relative potential of these techniques to engage individuals across the lifespan of a system’s deployment