Teacher Attrition in Elementary Schools

All schools want to have the best teachers in place and have them stay until they retire from a school district. They want teachers that are able to teach each and every child to help them reach their full potential without having to rehire and retrain new teachers who leave the district fairly quickly. It would be ideal if schools were able to retain the best teachers so these teachers can continue to grow and become more effective. These teachers would be able to teach to higher standards and better assist their students as time goes on. For schools to be successful, there are a variety of measures that need to be in place. Bastian and Marks (2022) suggest that one of these measures is obtaining and retaining high-quality teachers in the students’ classrooms. Thus, we need to keep experienced teachers in the classroom to ensure that all students succeed (Stewart et. al., 2021). In order to retain experienced teachers, we need to first develop them. According to all three studies, Bastian, K. C. & Marks, J. T. (2017), Mitchell, D., Keese, J., Banerjee, M., Huston, D., & Kwok, A. (2021), and Skeen, N., Lewis, A. A., Vanburgen, C., & Hodges, T. E. (2020), having a great induction program in place reduces teacher attrition rates in schools. According to Bastian and Marks (2017), the more frequently novice teachers are able to meet and participate with their mentor coaches, the higher job satisfaction they have and also the more successful this teacher will be. As the teaching field collectively and positively changes the way people learn and teach, the students will ultimately be the ones who benefit the most

Method for monitoring urea and ammonia in wine and must by flow injection-pervaporation

An easy to automate flow-injection-pervaporation method for monitoring urea and ammonia in must and wine was developed. The method is based on separation of the ammonia from the sample matrix by pervaporation followed by its reaction with salicylate, hypochlorite and nitroprusside to form a diazonium salt with maximum absorption at 647 nm. Conversion of urea into ammonia catalysed by urease was mandatory before pervaporation. After optimisation by either the univariate or multivariate approaches as required, the linear range was established (between 0 and 25 mg l-1) for both analytes. Then, the assessment of the proposed method versus a reference one for urea and ammonia was studied in terms of repeatability (0.52 mg l-1 and 0.43 mg l-1, respectively), reproducibility (1.34 mg l-1 and 1.21 mg l-1, respectively), detection and quantification limits (LOD=0.9 and 0.6 mg l-1, LQ=1.02 and 0.67 mg l-1, respectively) and traceability. The sample throughput was 16 samples h-1. The method can be applied to the monitoring of the target analytes in must and young wine in order to control their contents, preventing formation of ethyl carbamate

Neue schwefelhaltige Aromastoffe in Wein—cis- und trans-2-Methyl-thiolan-3-ol

Mit Hilfe der GC-MS-Kopplung identifizierten wir zum erstenmal cis- und trans-2-Methyl-thiolan-3-ol im Aromaextrakt von Weinen der Rebsorten Riesling und Morio-Muskat. Diese Verbindungen sind im Traubenmost nicht enthalten und werden im Verlauf der alkoholischen Gärung - eng korreliert mit der Äthanolzunahme - gebildet.New volatile sulphur compounds in wine—cis- and trans-2-methyl-thiolane-3-olFor the first time cis- and trans-2-methyl-thiolane-3-ol were identified (GCMS) in the aroma extract of wines of the varieties Riesling and Morio-Muskat. These compounds are not present in must. They develop during the alcoholic fermentation in a narrow correlation with production of ethanol

Axion-like particle effects on the polarization of cosmic high-energy gamma sources

Various satellite-borne missions are being planned whose goal is to measure the polarization of a large number of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We show that the polarization pattern predicted by current models of GRB emission can be drastically modified by the existence of very light axion-like particles (ALPs), which are present in many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Basically, the propagation of photons emitted by a GRB through cosmic magnetic fields with a domain-like structure induces photon-ALP mixing, which is expected to produce a strong modification of the original photon polarization. Because of the random orientation of the magnetic field in each domain, this effect strongly depends on the orientation of the photon line of sight. As a consequence, photon-ALP conversion considerably broadens the original polarization distribution. Searching for such a peculiar feature through future high-statistics polarimetric measurements is therefore a new opportunity to discover very light ALPs.Comment: Final version (21 pages, 8 eps figures). Matches the version published on JCAP. Added a Section on the effects of cosmic expansion on photon-ALP conversions. Figures modified to take into account this effect. References updated. Conclusions unchanged

A Multiwavelength View of a Mass Outflow from the Galactic Center

The Galactic center (GC) lobe is a degree-tall shell of gas that spans the central degree of our Galaxy. It has been cited as evidence for a mass outflow from our GC region, which has inspired diverse models for its origin. However, most work has focused on the morphology of the GC lobe, which has made it difficult to draw strong conclusions about its nature. Here, I present a coherent, multiwavelength analysis of new and archival observations of the GC lobe. Radio continuum emission shows that the GC lobe has a magnetized layer with a diameter of 110 pc and an equipartition field strength ranging from 40 to 100 $\mu$G. Recombination line emission traces an ionized shell nested within the radio continuum with diameter of 80 pc and height 165 pc. Mid-infrared maps at 8 and 15 $\mu$m show that the GC lobe has a third layer of warm dust and PAH-emission that surrounds the radio continuum shell with a diameter of 130 pc. Assuming adiabatic expansion of the gas in the GC lobe, its formation required an energy input of about $5\times10^{52}$ ergs. I compare the physical conditions of the GC lobe to several models and find best agreement with the canonical starburst outflow model. The formation of the GC lobe is consistent with the currently observed pressure and star formation rate in the central tens of parsecs of our Galaxy. Outflows of this scale are more typical of dwarf galaxies and would not be easily detected in nearby spiral galaxies. Thus, the existence of such an outflow in our own Galaxy may indicate that it is relatively common phenomenon in the nuclei of spiral galaxies. (Abridged)Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 15 pages, 8 (compressed) figure

Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate urine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and -9) activity, alkaline phosphatase/creatinine (U-AP/Cr) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase/creatinine (U-GGT/Cr) ratios, glucose concentration, and urine protein/creatinine (U-Prot/Cr) ratio and to compare data with plasma MMP-2 and -9 activity, cystatin-C and creatinine concentrations in colic horses and healthy controls. Horses with surgical colic (n = 5) were compared to healthy stallions (n = 7) that came for castration. Blood and urine samples were collected. MMP gelatinolytic activity was measured by zymography. RESULTS: We found out that horses with colic had significantly higher urinary MMP-9 complex and proMMP-9 activities than horses in the control group. Colic horses also had higher plasma MMP-2 activity than the control horses. Serum creatinine, although within reference range, was significantly higher in the colic horses than in the control group. There was no significant increase in urinary alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or total proteins in the colic horses compared to the control group. A human cystatin-C test (Dako Cytomation latex immunoassay(® )based on turbidimetry) did not cross react with equine cystatin-C. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that plasma MMP-2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of equine colic and urinary MMP-9 in equine kidney damage

On determination of electronic-vibro-rotational term values of diatomic molecules from measured wavenumbers

A method is proposed for determining rovibronic term values of diatomics from experimental data on the wavenumbers of electronic-vibro-rotational spectral lines. In contrast to existing techniques, the new one is based on the Rydberg-Ritz principle only. It is shown that a link between a set of rovibronic term values and a set of wavenumbers of observed rovibronic spectral lines appears when three and more different electronic-vibrational states are pairwise-connected by radiative transitions. The method differs from known techniques in several aspects, namely, it: 1) doesn't need any assumptions concerning an internal structure of a molecule; 2) doesn't involve any intermediate parameters (as molecular constants in traditional techniques); 3) gives an opportunity to use in one-stage optimization procedure all available experimental data obtained for various band systems, by various authors, and in various works; 4) provides in an interactive mode the opportunity to select the experimental values, eliminating rough errors, to revise wrong identifications of spectral lines and to compare various sets of experimental data for mutual consistency; 5) allows to obtain not only an optimal set of rovibronic term values, but also the error bars depending on quantity and quality of existing experimental data. Necessary precondition for use of this method is a preliminary identification of electronic-vibro-rotational lines to certain electronic-vibro-rotational radiative transitions. For this purpose one has to use traditional methods of the analysis of molecular spectra.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, in Russia