Computational Models Development and Demand Response Application for Smart Grids

This paper focuses on computational models development and its applications on demand response, within smart grid scope. A prosumer model is presented and the corresponding economic dispatch problem solution is analyzed. The prosumer solar radiation production and energy consumption are forecasted by artificial neural networks. The existing demand response models are studied and a computational tool based on fuzzy clustering algorithm is developed and the results discussed. Consumer energy management applications within the InovGrid pilot project are presented. Computation systems are developed for the acquisition, monitoring, control and supervision of consumption data provided by smart meters, allowing the incorporation of consumer actions on their electrical energy management. An energy management system with integration of smart meters for energy consumers in a smart grid is developed

Investigation of forced flow orientations on the burning behaviours of wooden rods using a synchronised multi-imaging system

The burning behaviour of a wooden rod under various forced flow conditions was investigated by employing a synchronised multi-imaging system integrating visible wavelength, short-wavelength infrared (SWIR), and Schlieren techniques. The wood samples were fixed horizontally and at an inclined angle to study the effect of the surface orientation under forced flow. A small-scale wind tunnel was developed to supply three types of forced flow: concurrent, opposed and cross flow. Each imaging technique helps to gain different physical insights of different aspects of the phenomenon. The combined data provides a comprehensive understanding of the flow effect on fire propagation. It was found that the forced flow strongly influences the often-invisible hot gas flow surrounding the burning rod. The heat feedback from the attached hot flow layer helped to maintain the surface temperature, which further influenced the burning behaviour. The mechanisms that the various flow orientation caused, affected the heated gas differently. Additionally, a method was proposed to monitor the burning process, which used thermal imaging to quantitatively calculate the area of pyrolysis zone on the surface. With the visualisation of the Schlieren images at the critical timings, it was found the thick hot gas flow underneath the wooden rod was a crucial factor that determined the intensity of burning, which may provide important guidance on effective wooden beam fire suppression and control

Optimal behavior of responsive residential demand considering hybrid phase change materials

Due to communication and technology developments, residential consumers are enabled to participate in Demand Response Programs (DRPs), control their consumption and decrease their cost by using Household Energy Management (HEM) systems. On the other hand, capability of energy storage systems to improve the energy efficiency causes that employing Phase Change Materials (PCM) as thermal storage systems to be widely addressed in the building applications. In this paper, an operational model of HEM system considering the incorporation of more than one type of PCM in plastering mortars (hybrid PCM) is proposed not only to minimize the customerâ s cost in different DRPs but also to guaranty the habitantsâ  satisfaction. Moreover, the proposed model ensures the technical and economic limits of batteries and electrical appliances. Different case studies indicate that implementation of hybrid PCM in the buildings can meaningfully affect the operational pattern of HEM systems in different DRPs. The results reveal that the customerâ s electricity cost can be reduced up to 48% by utilizing the proposed model.The work of M. Shafie-khah and J.P.S. Catalão was supported by FEDER funds through COMPETE and by Portuguese funds through FCT, under FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-020282 (Ref. PTDC/EEA-EEL/118519/2010) and UID/CEC/50021/2013, and also by the EU 7th Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant agreement No. 309048 (project SiNGULAR)

Innovative User Experience Design and Customer Engagement Approaches for Residential Demand Response Programs

The increasing share of intermittent sources is making it more difficult to guarantee a real-time balance between demand and supply on the electricity grid. To decrease the dependency from fossil fuel generation, a change in paradigm is required: from supply following demand whenever it occurs to demand following generation when it is available. Demand response (DR) programs enclose all practices that allow demand to take part in actively managing the grid. According to this perspective, the residential sector hides a huge still unexploited flexibility resource. Therefore, utilities and aggregators need to address weak customer engagement and a lack of regulation in order to employ innovative business models for harnessing residential DR programs potential. Within this paper, some of these challenges are investigated, with the view to improve the design of an appropriate engagement strategy and an incentive scheme to involve residential customers. The innovation consists in the development of a questionnaire as a tool to understand customers’ behavior and preferences, so as to consequently design customized solutions. Finally, a first-order approximation techno-economic analysis is conducted to contextualize the actual incentives for the single customer