Link and Network-wide Study of Incoherent GN/EGN Models

An unprecedented comparison of closed-form incoherent GN (InGN) models is presented with heterogeneous spans and partially loaded links in elastic optical networks. Results reveal that with accumulated dispersion correction and modulation format terms, the InGN shows higher accuracy

Digital Binary Codes Transmission via TDMA Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton

In this study, new system of microring resonator forquantum cryptography in network communication is proposed.optical potential well can be generated and propagate via anonlinear modified add/drop interferometer systemincorporated with a beam splitter and a time division multipleaccess (TDMA) system wherein the quantum binary codes canbe generated, propagated and transmitted. A system known asoptical multiplexer can be used to increase the channel capacityand security of the signals, where the beam splitters generatehigh capacity of binary codes within the proposed system.Therefore, ring resonator system is used to form the opticalpotential wells. The multiplexed potential wells are formed andtransmit via an available link, where the logic codes can be sentout with different time, used for high capacity transmission ofthe secured data. In this work narrow pulses with FHHM of 9.57nm and 8 nm could be obtained from the drop and throughports of the add/drop interferometer system respectively. Theoutputs of different center wavelengths are combined and usedto generate multiple potential well signals, where the multiplesignals with FWHM and FSR of 0.8 nm and 5 nm could beobtained respectively. Digital codes can be generated andtransmitted via communication networks systems such as timedivision multiple access (TDMA) using dark and bright solitonpulses with FHHM and FSR of 0.54 nm and 4.71 nm

Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network Communication

A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presentedto generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/dropfilter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ringon the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulseof optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where theinput Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop portof the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connectedto a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can beused to generate high capacity quantum codes within series ofMRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signalsknown as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system.Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an opticalcommunication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm,1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the systemrespectively. These results used to be transmitted through aquantum signal processor via an optical computer networkcommunication link

Comparison of Intelligent Systems, Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Fuzzy Model for Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation Rate

The main objective of this study was to present a novel approach for predication of gas hydrate formation rate based on the Intelligent Systems. Using a data set including about 470 data obtained from flow tests in a mini-loop apparatus, different predictive models were developed. From the results predicted by these models, it can be pointed out that the developed models can be used as powerful tools for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate with total errors of less than 4%

Razumikhin Stability Theorem for Fractional Systems with Delay

Fractional calculus techniques and methods started to be applied successfully during the last decades in several fields of science and engineering. In this paper we studied the stability of fractional-order nonlinear time-delay systems for Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives and we extended Razumikhin theorem for the fractional nonlinear time-delay systems

Beam instrumentation for the Tevatron Collider

The Tevatron in Collider Run II (2001-present) is operating with six times more bunches and many times higher beam intensities and luminosities than in Run I (1992-1995). Beam diagnostics were crucial for the machine start-up and the never-ending luminosity upgrade campaign. We present the overall picture of the Tevatron diagnostics development for Run II, outline machine needs for new instrumentation, present several notable examples that led to Tevatron performance improvements, and discuss the lessons for future colliders

Fracture evaluation of multi-layered precast reinforced geopolymer-concrete composite beams by incorporating acoustic emission into mechanical analysis

In this study, a multi-layered steel reinforced composite beams which are composed of geopolymer concrete section at tensile zone and Portland cement based concrete at compression are investigated. The beams were tested to failure to compare the toughness, post peak behaviour and failure mode based on the variation of the depth of layers. The mechanical analysis incorporated into acoustic emission technique showed that the geopolymer beam endured more deflection than the ordinary Portland cement based beams, however their ultimate load carrying capacities were quite similar. Further, the composite beams, resulted in transition of failure mode of shear to a flexural

Growth of Sb2Se3 thin films by selenization of RF sputtered binary precursors

In this work we present a method to grow Sb2Se3 thin films with a potential use as absorber layers in solar cell structures. The films were grown on several substrates: soda-lime glass, Mo coated soda-lime glass and Si . The Sb-Se precursor’s films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and then selenized under a H2Se gas flow. Different selenization temperatures were tested and analysed. Compositional and morphological analyses were performed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively. Phase identification and structural characterization were done by X-ray Diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy showing that Sb2Se3 is the dominant phase with an orthorhombic crystalline structure. Traces of rhombohedral and amorphous Se secondary phases were also observed supported by their Se-rich compositions. Visible-NIR reflectance measurements allowed to extract a direct bandgap with a value close to 1.06 eV. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows an emission with a broad band at 0.85 eV for samples selenized at lower temperatures and an intense peak at 0.75 eV for the sample selenized at higher temperatures. Electrical characterization shows low free hole concentrations and mobilities. At low temperatures, the nearest neighbour hopping is the dominant mechanism for the electronic transport for the analysed samples. Both electrical and optical properties are influenced by the type of defects present on samples. A discussion is made on the properties that need to be improved in order that these films can be integrated into thin film solar cells.publishe