Uma Análise da Demanda por Combustíveis Através do Modelo Almost Ideal Demand System para Pernambuco

The fuel market has been widely studied at several perspectives, from the issue of asymmetry and transmission prices, cartels, dynamics linked to price fluctuations in the international economy, demand systems, among others. Thus, this paper aims to estimate a demand system for regular gasoline, hydrous ethanol and diesel via (LA-AIDS) Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System with quarterly time series data for the period 2001-2015 in Pernambuco State (Brazil). The estimates were made using (SUR) Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. The results are similar to those observed in the literature, pointing to the inelasticity-price of demand for gasoline and diesel, which is expected given the essentiality of the assets. It was also observed that the demand for ethanol is elastic because of Marshallian price elasticity greater than one in absolute value, leading to the results already found in other studies

Padrão de Substituição entre Carnes no Consumo Domiciliar do Brasil

There were major changes in household demand for meat in Brazil in recent years, such as the increasing importance of processed cuts. It is well known that changes in meat consumption may significantly affect household nutritional status and consequently people’s health and life quality. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the demand for meat from Brazilian families and understand the pattern of substitution between beef, pork and broiler as well as within these subgroups. Data was obtained from the Brazilian Household Consumption Survey (POF/IBGE 2008/2009). Demand patterns for meats that emerge from this study showed the importance of education, family composition and household location on determinants of meats acquisition. We also conclude that there is a changing trend of intra-group consumption in the case of chicken meat, a behavior that is not observed for pork and beef, where the intra-group exchange takes place only if the meat is considered to have good quality

Sistemas de equações de demanda por carnes no Brasil: especificação e estimação

Especificações alternativas do sistema de demanda quase ideal (AIDS) foram utilizadas para estimar as demandas agregadas das carnes bovina, suína e de frango e outros bens de consumo e as suas elasticidades no Brasil. Detectada a necessidade de se utilizar a variável tendência nas equações dos modelos, observou-se uma tendência de crescimento da demanda por carnes e de decrescimento da demanda por outros bens de consumo. A variável dummy para o Plano Real indicou que o mesmo não afetou as demandas. Com base nas elasticidades próprios-preços Marshallianas, as demandas por carnes são inelásticas e a demanda por outros bens de consumo é elástica. As elasticidades preços-cruzados Marshallianas e Hicksianas confirmaram que as carnes bovina, suína e de frango são bens substitutos. As elasticidades-gasto indicaram que todos os bens são normais, exceto a carne suína que é um bem inferior. Como é provável que o gasto com o consumo das famílias aumente ao longo do tempo, ceteris paribus, as elasticidades gasto indicam que a demanda por carnes perderá importância para os outros bens de consumo, que o consumo de carne bovina perderá importância para a carne de frango e que o consumo de carne de porco perderá importância para as outras carnes