Perturbation and Variational Methods in Nonextensive Tsallis Statistics

A unified presentation of the perturbation and variational methods for the generalized statistical mechanics based on Tsallis entropy is given here. In the case of the variational method, the Bogoliubov inequality is generalized in a very natural way following the Feynman proof for the usual statistical mechanics. The inequality turns out to be form-invariant with respect to the entropic index $q$. The method is illustrated with a simple example in classical mechanics. The formalisms developed here are expected to be useful in the discussion of nonextensive systems.Comment: revte

Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the common fig ( Ficus carica L.) and representative species of the genus Ficus

Abstract We developed microsatellites in Keywords : Ficus , fig cultivars, microsatellites Received 4 January 2001; revision received 19 February 2001; accepted 8 March 2001 The fig-pollinator mutualism is a model system for the study of coevolution In this note, we report the development of eight microsatellite primers from F. carica and their polymorphism in fig cultivars and two French wild-growing populations. We also report results of amplification on species of Ficus covering the whole phylogeny of the genus Genomic DNA from the French cultivar 'Violette de Solliès' of F. carica was digested with Rsa I. DNA fragments were ligated to synthetic adapters, denatured and hybridized to biotinylated (TC) 15 and (TG) 15 oligonucleotides. Oligofragment hybrids were selectively separated from the remaining DNA using streptavid-coated paramagnetic beads (Streptavidin MagneSphere Paramagnetic Particles, Promega). The DNA fragments containing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were eluted as single strands from beads and the second strand was regenerated and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using an adapterspecific primer For PCR, DNA was extracted from 100 mg of frozen material (leaves) according to the Dneasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) with the following modification: 1% of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 40 000) was added to buffer AP1. . The samples were denatured by incubation at 95 ° for 5 min and placed on ice. Four µ L of each sample were loaded onto 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels (7.5 m urea, 6% acrylamide, 1 × TBE). The gels were run in 1 × TBE at 70 W. Microsatellites were visualized by silver staining with a commercial kit (Promega)

2016 Wses Guidelines On Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

Acute calculus cholecystitis is a very common disease with several area of uncertainty. The World Society of Emergency Surgery developed extensive guidelines in order to cover grey areas. The diagnostic criteria, the antimicrobial therapy, the evaluation of associated common bile duct stones, the identification of "high risk" patients, the surgical timing, the type of surgery, and the alternatives to surgery are discussed. Moreover the algorithm is proposed: as soon as diagnosis is made and after the evaluation of choledocholitiasis risk, laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be offered to all patients exception of those with high risk of morbidity or mortality. These Guidelines must be considered as an adjunctive tool for decision but they are not substitute of the clinical judgement for the individual patient.1

2016 Wses Guidelines On Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

1

Nonlinear equation for anomalous diffusion: unified power-law and stretched exponential exact solution

The nonlinear diffusion equation $\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}=D \tilde{\Delta} \rho^\nu$ is analyzed here, where $\tilde{\Delta}\equiv \frac{1}{r^{d-1}}\frac{\partial}{\partial r} r^{d-1-\theta} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}$, and $d$, $\theta$ and $\nu$ are real parameters. This equation unifies the anomalous diffusion equation on fractals ($\nu =1$) and the spherical anomalous diffusion for porous media ($\theta=0$). Exact point-source solution is obtained, enabling us to describe a large class of subdiffusion ($\theta > (1-\nu)d$), normal diffusion ($\theta= (1-\nu)d$) and superdiffusion ($\theta < (1-\nu)d$). Furthermore, a thermostatistical basis for this solution is given from the maximum entropic principle applied to the Tsallis entropy.Comment: 3 pages, 2 eps figure

Asymptotic normalization coefficients (nuclear vertex constants) for p+7Be→8Bp+^7Be\to ^8B and the direct 7Be(p,γ)8B^7Be(p,\gamma)^8B astrophysical S-factors at solar energies

A new analysis of the precise experimental astrophysical S-factors for the direct capture $^7Be(p,\gamma)$ $^8B$ reaction [A.J.Junghans et al.Phys.Rev. C 68 (2003) 065803 and L.T. Baby et al. Phys.Rev. C 67 (2003) 065805] is carried out based on the modified two - body potential approach in which the direct astrophysical S-factor, ${\rm S_{17}(E)}$, is expressed in terms of the asymptotic normalization constants for $p+^7Be\to ^8B$ and two additional conditions are involved to verify the peripheral character of the reaction under consideration. The Woods-Saxon potential form is used for the bound ($p+^7Be$)- state wave function and for the $p^7Be$- scattering wave function. New estimates are obtained for the ^{\glqq}indirectly measured\grqq values of the asymptotic normalization constants (the nuclear vertex constants) for the $p+^7Be\to ^8B$ and $S_{17}(E)$ at E$\le$ 115 keV, including $E$=0. These values of $S_{17}(E)$ and asymptotic normalization constants have been used for getting information about the ^{\glqq}indirectly measured\grqq values of the $s$ wave average scattering length and the $p$ wave effective range parameters for $p^7Be$- scattering.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Risk factors for unfavourable postoperative outcome in patients with Crohn&apos;s disease undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocaecal resection An international audit by ESCP and S-ECCO

Background Patient and disease-related factors, as well as operation technique all have the potential to impact on postoperative outcome in Crohn's disease. The available evidence is based on small series and often displays conflicting results. Aim To investigate the effect of pre- and intra-operative risk factors on 30-day postoperative outcome in patients undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease. Method International prospective snapshot audit including consecutive patients undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocaecal resection. This study analysed a subset of patients who underwent surgery for Crohn's disease. The primary outcome measure was the overall Clavien-Dindo postoperative complication rate. The key secondary outcomes were anastomotic leak, re-operation, surgical site infection and length of stay at hospital. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to produce odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Three hundred and seventy five resections in 375 patients were included. The median age was 37 and 57.1% were female. In multivariate analyses, postoperative complications were associated with preoperative parenteral nutrition (OR 2.36 95% CI 1.10-4.97)], urgent/expedited surgical intervention (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.13-3.55) and unplanned intraoperative adverse events (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.20-4.45). The postoperative length of stay in hospital was prolonged in patients who received preoperative parenteral nutrition (OR 31, CI [1.08-1.61]) and those who had urgent/expedited operations (OR 1.21, CI [1.07-1.37]). Conclusion Preoperative parenteral nutritional support, urgent/expedited operation and unplanned intraoperative adverse events were associated with unfavourable postoperative outcome. Enhanced preoperative optimization and improved planning of operation pathways and timings may improve outcomes for patients

A Targeted Search For Point Sources Of Eeev Photons With The Pierre Auger Observatory

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Simultaneous measurements of air showers with the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a sensitive search for EeV photon point sources. Several Galactic and extragalactic candidate objects are grouped in classes to reduce the statistical penalty of many trials from that of a blind search and are analyzed for a significant excess above the background expectation. The presented search does not find any evidence for photon emission at candidate sources, and combined p-values for every class are reported. Particle and energy flux upper limits are given for selected candidate sources. These limits significantly constrain predictions of EeV proton emission models from non-transient Galactic and nearby extragalactic sources, as illustrated for the particular case of the Galactic center region.8372Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia AtomicaAgencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Gobierno de la Provincia de MendozaMunicipalidad de MalargueNDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land accessAustralia-the Australian Research CouncilBrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/07359-6, 1999/05404-3]Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT)Czech Republic-Grant [MSMT CR LG15014, LO1305, LM2015038]Czech Science Foundation [14-17501S]FranceCentre de Calcul [IN2P3/CNRS]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Conseil Regional Ile-deFranceDepartement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS]Departement Sciences de l'Univers [SDU-INSU/CNRS]Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP), Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant [LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Finanzministerium Baden-WurttembergHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes NordrheinWestfalenMinisterium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-WurttembergItaly-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)CETEMPS Center of ExcellenceMinistero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [167733]Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)PAPIIT DGAPAUNAMNetherlands-Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en WetenschapNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)Poland-National Centre for Research and Development [ERA-NETASPERA/01/11, ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11]National Science Centre [2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728, HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062]Portugal-Portuguese national fundsFEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)Romania-Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCSCNDI-UEFISCDI [20/2012, 194/2012, PN 16 42 01 02]Slovenia-Slovenian Research AgencySpainComunidad de MadridFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) fundsMinisterio de Economia y CompetitividadXunta de GaliciaEuropean Community 7th Framework Program [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826]USA Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-SC0011689]National Science Foundation [0450696]Grainger FoundationMarie Curie-IRSES/EPLANETEuropean Particle Physics Latin American NetworkEuropean Union 7th Framework Program [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]UNESCOConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

DC-electric-field-induced and low-frequency electromodulation second-harmonic generation spectroscopy of Si(001)-SiO2_2 interfaces

The mechanism of DC-Electric-Field-Induced Second-Harmonic (EFISH) generation at weakly nonlinear buried Si(001)-SiO$_2$ interfaces is studied experimentally in planar Si(001)-SiO$_2$-Cr MOS structures by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy with a tunable Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser. The spectral dependence of the EFISH contribution near the direct two-photon $E_1$ transition of silicon is extracted. A systematic phenomenological model of the EFISH phenomenon, including a detailed description of the space charge region (SCR) at the semiconductor-dielectric interface in accumulation, depletion, and inversion regimes, has been developed. The influence of surface quantization effects, interface states, charge traps in the oxide layer, doping concentration and oxide thickness on nonlocal screening of the DC-electric field and on breaking of inversion symmetry in the SCR is considered. The model describes EFISH generation in the SCR using a Green function formalism which takes into account all retardation and absorption effects of the fundamental and second harmonic (SH) waves, optical interference between field-dependent and field-independent contributions to the SH field and multiple reflection interference in the SiO$_2$ layer. Good agreement between the phenomenological model and our recent and new EFISH spectroscopic results is demonstrated. Finally, low-frequency electromodulated EFISH is demonstrated as a useful differential spectroscopic technique for studies of the Si-SiO$_2$ interface in silicon-based MOS structures.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, figures are also available at http://kali.ilc.msu.su/articles/50/efish.ht