Technologies for 3D Heterogeneous Integration

3D-Integration is a promising technology towards higher interconnect densities and shorter wiring lengths between multiple chip stacks, thus achieving a very high performance level combined with low power consumption. This technology also offers the possibility to build up systems with high complexity just by combining devices of different technologies. For ultra thin silicon is the base of this integration technology, the fundamental processing steps will be described, as well as appropriate handling concepts. Three main concepts for 3D integration have been developed at IZM. The approach with the greatest flexibility called Inter Chip Via - Solid Liquid Interdiffusion (ICV-SLID) is introduced. This is a chip-to-wafer stacking technology which combines the advantages of the Inter Chip Via (ICV) process and the solid-liquid-interdiffusion technique (SLID) of copper and tin. The fully modular ICV-SLID concept allows the formation of multiple device stacks. A test chip was designed and the total process sequence of the ICV-SLID technology for the realization of a three-layer chip-to-wafer stack was demonstrated. The proposed wafer-level 3D integration concept has the potential for low cost fabrication of multi-layer high-performance 3D-SoCs and is well suited as a replacement for embedded technologies based on monolithic integration. To address yield issues a wafer-level chip-scale handling is presented as well, to select known-good dies and work on them with wafer-level process sequences before joining them to integrated stacks.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838

Isogeometric Boundary Elements in Electromagnetism: Rigorous Analysis, Fast Methods, and Examples

We present a new approach to three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems via fast isogeometric boundary element methods. Starting with an investigation of the theoretical setting around the electric field integral equation within the isogeometric framework, we show existence, uniqueness, and quasi-optimality of the isogeometric approach. For a fast and efficient computation, we then introduce and analyze an interpolation-based fast multipole method tailored to the isogeometric setting, which admits competitive algorithmic and complexity properties. This is followed by a series of numerical examples of industrial scope, together with a detailed presentation and interpretation of the results

Lat. Papaver et la suite

A great number of derivatives of the Latin etymon papaver, believed to be Pan- Romance, show formal irregularities for which there has rarely been any attempt at explanation. Some common features, especially in Portuguese and Sardinian, together with forms already documented in Latin enable us to establish etymons representing ancient variants of papaver

On a generalized notion of metrics

In these notes we generalize the notion of a (pseudo) metric measuring the distance of two points, to a (pseudo) n-metric which assigns a value to a tuple of n points. We present two principles of constructing pseudo n-metrics. The first one uses the Vandermonde determinant while the second one uses exterior products and is related to the volume of the simplex spanned by the given points. We show that the second class of examples induces pseudo n-metrics on the unit sphere of a Hilbert space and on matrix manifolds such as the Stiefel and the Grassmann manifold. Further, we construct a pseudo n-metric on hypergraphs and discuss the problem of generalizing the Hausdorff metric for closed sets to a pseudo n-metric

Veränderungen der Forschungsevaluierung – Chancen für eine ökologische Agrarforschung mit gesellschaftlicher Wirkung

Several actors in science, civil society and policy call for changes in the current publication and reputation system, which have implications for organic farming research. Change processes include funding and agenda setting, support for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches, societal relevance and impact as criteria for research evaluation, open access publication and transparent, plural and interactive forms of peer-review and recognition. These developments show synergies that help to increase the support and reduce the effort for evaluation beyond scientific impact

La toponymie préromaine de la Sardaigne.

Lautore espiora la consistenza dei microtoponimi di origine preromana nella-rea centrale della Sardegna. Ne nIeva la notevole quantitá e si sofferma sulla loro struttura t o quadripartita. Redige un elenco ragionato di suffissi paleosardi, strutturati in due serie (atona e tonica)