Alfaxalona como alternativa para indução anestésica de cães e gatos durante a pandemia de Covid-19: revisão bibliográfica / Alfaxalone as an alternative for anesthetic induction in dogs and cats during the Covid-19 pandemic: literature review

A alfaxalona é um esteroide neuroativo derivado da progesterona com propriedades anestésicas, possuindo poucos efeitos adversos e alterações cardiorrespiratórias mínimas. Ela pode ser usada em cães e gatos de todas as faixas etárias incluindo cadelas gestantes, proporcionando uma alternativa para a indução anestésica. O mecanismo de ação está associado à sua modulação alostérica positiva do receptor ácido gama-aminobutírico tipo A (GABA). Visto que o cenário atual da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) induziu à escassez de fármacos anestésicos como o propofol, e dessa forma afetando a Medicina Veterinária, existe a necessidade de introduzir alternativas anestésicas viáveis para indução anestésica em cães e gatos. Visto que que a alfaxalona possa ser um substituto do propofol em procedimentos anestésica e pouco usado no Brasil, objetiva-se com o presente trabalho realizar uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada sobre o uso da alfaxalona como alternativa para indução anestésica em cães e gatos. Concluiu-se que a alfaxalona, similar ao propofol, pode ser usada de forma segura na indução anestésica em cães e gatos, diante do COVID-19, e induz alterações cardiorrespiratórias mínimas

Abraçadeiras autoestáticas de náilon poliamida 6.6 como alternativa nas ligaduras vasculares e cerclagem óssea em cães e gatos: revisão de bibliográfica / Adjustable nylon polyamide 6.6 cable-tie as an alternative for ligation of blood vessels and bone cerclage in dogs and cats: literature review

As abraçadeiras autoestáticas de náilon (AAN) são dispositivos produzidos pelo mesmo material do fio de náilon cirúrgico – a poliamida 6.6, e tem sido estudados como alternativa em procedimentos cirúrgicos na área da Medicina Humana e Veterinária. Visto que as AAN são produzidas pelo mesmo material do fio de náilon cirúrgico, e possuem um sistema autrotravante que garante maior eficácia na realização de hemostasia vascular e na fixação de fragmentos ósseos, o objetivou-se a realizar uma atualização bibliográfica sobre o uso das AAN (poliamida 6.6) como alternativa nas ligaduras vasculares e cerclagem óssea em cães e gatos, permitindo, também, a desmitificação sobre o seu uso na Medicina Veterinária. As AAN de poliamida 6.6 podem ser usadas como método alternativo na ligadura vascular de vasos de médio e grande calibre e na cerclagem óssea em cães e gatos visto que garantiram a segurança mecânica e biológica, porém existe a necessidade de se realizar estudos in vivo da reação tecidual das abraçadeiras a longo prazo. É imprescindível que os cirurgiões que queiram utilizar as AAN sejam submetidos à uma capacitação, permitindo um aprofundamento da técnica cirúrgica

Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Dogs with Different Body Scores

The objective of this research was to determine the frequency for the occurrence of MS in dogs, using the criteria determined, and to correlate the criteria of dogs that would characterize the MS with different body condition score (BCS). 271 dogs with different body scores were studied, with 101 dogs with BCS 4-5; 101 dogs with BCS 6-7; and 69 dogs with BCS 8-9. Among the dogs studied, 62 (22,87%) had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. Of these, 28 had BCS 6-7, while 34 dogs had BCS 8-9. Therefore, 27,72% of overweight dogs had inclusion criteria for MS and 49,27% of obese ones had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. When only overweight and obese dogs were considered as a total population, it was observed that 36,47% got inclusion criteria for the MS. No dog with BCS 4-5 showed two or more inclusion criteria for MS. The metabolic syndrome, according to the parameters for inclusion defined in the literature, was observed in 22,87% of the animals studied and in 36% of dogs overweight or obese. Furthermore, MS was most common in obese (49%) compared to overweight dogs (27%)

Creatine kinase serum activity in feline hyperthyroidism

The aim of this study is to determine the occurrence of creatine kinase (CK) serum activity in cats with hyperthyroidism and its associations with clinical-pathological alterations and with total (TT4) and free (FT4) thyroxin. CK serum activity was evaluated in 19 cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism, with TT4 ranging from 34.88-294.98nmol L-1 and FT4 ranging from 2.83-52.9pmol L-1 and also by serum biochemical analysis, including the activity of CK, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), cholesterol and bile acids. The reference value for CK considered in this study was of 110-250U L-1. CK serum activity was evaluated in 19 cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism, with TT4 ranging from 34.88-294.98nmol L-1 and FT4 ranging from 2.83-52. 9pmol L-1. Its activity CK was elevated in 47.3% of cats (≥250U L-1) and presented statistical difference (P<0.05) between cats with or without cardiac disease. CK presented weak association with all parameters in biochemical analysis. In this study, it was not possible to establish a clear association between hyperthyroidism and the increase of CK. However, it is important to highlight the inclusion of CK activity in the routine examinations for the evaluation of hyperthyroidism and for further studies to be developed

Caso raro de pilomatricoma benigno em cão adulto da raça Shih-Tzu

Background: Pilomatricomas are neoplasms of hair follicles, located in the hair bulb, and the incidence is uncommon in the clinical-surgical clinical routine of dogs and cats. It commonly affects adult animals, with no predisposition to sex or race, and is mainly located in the neck, back, and tail region. The diagnosis is made by histopathological examination, where cells are observed in which their nucleus does not stain with hematoxylin and eosin - empty nucleus. The present work aimed to report a case of benign pilomatricoma  since it is a rare condition in dogs and cats and, consequently, there is little information in the literature. Case: A 6-year-old male Shih-Tzu dog, not submitted to surgical contraception, weighing 6.9 kg, was treated at the Veterinary School Hospital (HVE) of the North Parana State University (UENP), Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil, with a history of nodules in the tail region, lasting 6 months. On physical examination, no changes were identified in the patient's physiological parameters. However, the presence of neoformations in the distal and medial region of the tail, similar to a nail, adherent, non-ulcerated and non-alopecic, and absence of pruritus or self-mutilation were identified. Vaccination and deworming were updated. Hematological examination, serum biochemicals (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin), and abdominal ultrasound showed no changes. According to the clinical and laboratory signs, it was decided to perform an excisional biopsy, using a caudectomy, for subsequent histopathological examination. The specimens were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histological examination was compatible with benign pilomatricoma. Postoperatively, cephalexin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam were prescribed, surgical wound cleaning, and the use of an Elizabethan collar until the suture was removed. After 10 days of the surgical procedure, the patient was asked to remove the sutures, and no changes were identified regarding the physiological parameters and blood count. Discussion: Pilomatricomas are commonly benign neoplasms arising from the germ cells of the follicular matrix. They present dermal or subdermal forms, with several cystic structures which are surrounded by keratinocytes, similar to the matrix cells of an anagen hair follicle, more keratinized and firmer areas, corroborating the results of the present report. In the ultrasound examination, the presence of intra-abdominal metastases was not identified, which is consistent with the literature, since in this type of neoplasm it is not common to identify foci of intra-abdominal and thoracic metastases. In the present report, immunohistochemistry was not used, even though it is used to differentiate follicular neoplasms from pilomatricomas. However, histopathological examination is considered the best method for the definitive diagnosis of pilomatricomas in dogs. It was concluded that the surgical treatment through excisional biopsy, with safety margins of 2 cm, was effective as a therapeutic method in the case of benign pilomatricoma, and the definitive diagnosis must be made through histopathological examination. Descritores: surgery, dermatology, hair follicle, neoplasia. Título: Pilomatricoma benigno em cão da raça Shih-Tzu Keywords: cirurgia, dermatologia, folículo piloso, neoplasia.Background: Pilomatricomas are neoplasms of hair follicles, located in the hair bulb, and the incidence is uncommon in the clinical-surgical clinical routine of dogs and cats. It commonly affects adult animals, with no predisposition to sex or race, and is mainly located in the neck, back, and tail region. The diagnosis is made by histopathological examination, where cells are observed in which their nucleus does not stain with hematoxylin and eosin - empty nucleus. Since the condition is a rare neoplasm in dogs and cats, and information is scarce in the literature, the present study aimed to report a case of benign pilomatricoma in an adult Shih-Tzu dog. Case: A six-year-old male Shih-Tzu dog, not submitted to surgical contraception, weighing 6.9 kg, was treated at the Veterinary School Hospital (HVE) of the North Parana State University (UENP), Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, with a history of nodules in the tail region, lasting six months. On physical examination, no changes were identified in the patient's physiological parameters. However, the presence of neoformations in the distal and medial region of the tail, similar to a nail, adherent, non-ulcerated and non-alopecic, and absence of pruritus or self-mutilation were identified. Vaccination and deworming were updated. Hematological examination, serum biochemicals (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin), and abdominal ultrasound showed no changes. According to the clinical and laboratory signs, it was decided to perform an excisional biopsy, using a caudectomy, for subsequent histopathological examination. The specimens were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histological examination was compatible with benign pilomatricoma. Postoperatively, cephalexin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam were prescribed, surgical wound cleaning, and the use of an Elizabethan collar until the suture was removed. After ten days of the surgical procedure, the patient was asked to remove the sutures, and no changes were identified regarding the physiological parameters and blood count. Discussion: The present case report aimed to report a case of benign pilomatricoma, in an adult dog of the Shih-Tzu breed, treated at the HVE (UENP), Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, since it is a rare condition in dogs and cats and, consequently, there is little information in the literature. Pilomatricomas are commonly benign neoplasms arising from the germ cells of the follicular matrix. They present dermal or subdermal forms, with several cystic structures which are surrounded by keratinocytes, similar to the matrix cells of an anagen hair follicle, more keratinized and firmer areas, corroborating the results of the present report. In the ultrasound examination, the presence of intra-abdominal metastases was not identified, which is consistent with the literature, since in this type of neoplasm it is not common to identify foci of intra-abdominal and thoracic metastases. In the present report, immunohistochemistry was not used, even though it is used to differentiate follicular neoplasms from pilomatricomas. However, histopathological examination is considered the best method for the definitive diagnosis of pilomatricomas in dogs. It was concluded that the surgical treatment through excisional biopsy, with safety margins of 2 cm, was effective as a therapeutic method in the case of benign pilomatricoma, and the definitive diagnosis must be made through histopathological examination