Risk factors for death and illness severity in vaccinated versus unvaccinated COVID-2019 inpatients: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the clinical profile of COVID-19 inpatients who were vaccinated prior to hospitalization and to compare the risk factors for death and the 28-day survival rate of between those inpatients vaccinated with one, two, or three doses and unvaccinated COVID-19 inpatients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study involving COVID-19 patients admitted to a referral hospital in the city of Recife, Brazil, between July of 2020 and June of 2022. Results: The sample comprised 1,921 inpatients, 996 of whom (50.8%) were vaccinated prior to hospitalization. After adjusting the mortality risk for vaccinated patients, those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) had the highest mortality risk (adjusted OR [aOR] = 7.4; 95% CI, 3.8-14.1; p 80 years of age (aOR = 7.3; 95% CI, 3.4-15.4; p < 0.001), and those needing vasopressors (aOR = 5.6; 95% CI, 2.9-10.9; p < 0.001). After adjusting the mortality risk for all patients, having received three vaccine doses (aOR = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.11; p < 0.001) was the most important protective factor against death. There were progressive benefits of vaccination, reducing the frequency of ICU admissions, use for IMV, and death (respectively, from 44.9%, 39.0% and 39.9% after the first dose to 16.7%, 6.2% and 4.4% after the third dose), as well as significant improvements in survival after each subsequent dose (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vaccines were effective in reducing illness severity and death in this cohort of COVID-19 inpatients, and the administration of additional doses conferred them with accumulative vaccine protection

Uma revisão integrativa sobre a Colangite Biliar Primária

A colangite biliar primária, um novo nome para a cirrose biliar primária, é uma doença colestática de etiologia autoimune e representa a primeira causa de colestase intra-hepática. Caracteriza-se pela destruição de pequenos dutos biliares ligados à infiltração de linfócitos, com prevalência de 10 a 40 por 100.000 habitantes no mundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre novas informações a respeito da colangite biliar primária. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, selecionando artigos publicados nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. A partir da análise qualitativa dos dados, obteve-se como conclusão as seguintes descobertas: A PBC é um problema de saúde raro e mal diagnosticado; não há conhecimento ainda sobre as razões da predominância dessa da CBP em mulheres, resposta à terapêutica, distribuição geográfica e mortalidade entre sexos; os casos dessa doença são assintomáticos; a qualidade de vida dos pacientes é comprometida com o agravamento dos casos, onde apresentam inicialmente sinais de prurido (20 a 70% dos casos) e fadiga (entre 50% a 78% dos pacientes); exames de biópsica hepática podem ser tranquilamente substituídos por testes não-invasivos, em análises de rotina de bioquímica hepática; a possiblidade de diagnosticar a PBC pode ser diagnosticada partindo de fatores biológicos exclusivos que indicam a presença de anticorpos anti-mitocondriais e uma elevação da fosfatase alcalina. No entanto é quase possível que o PBC seja soronegativo; a etiologia da CBP não sendo encontra clara, sendo o tratamento difícil; em caso de tratamento, utiliza-se mais ursodesoxicólico, ácido biliar hidrofílico natural que bloqueia a síntese hepática do colesterol, estimulando a síntese de ácidos biliares e restaurando o equilíbrio entre esses

Caracterização climática e comparação de métodos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência para regiões do Estado do Ceará

No Estado do Ceará muitos projetos de irrigação tem sido desenvolvidos utilizando estimativas da evapotranspiração de referência baseados apenas em dados de temperatura, sem avaliar a eficácia do método. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a precisão dos métodos de estimativas da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), propostos por Hargreaves, Thornthwaite, Linacre, Jensen-Haise, Makking, Priestley & Taylor, Benavides & Lopez, Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Kharrufa, Hamon, Radiação (FAO-24, Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura) e Blaney-Criddle (FREVET et., 1983), para o Estado Ceará; aplicando a equação de Penman-Monteith (FAO-56), como padrão em comparação com os métodos propostos. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura, umidade relativa, insolação e velocidade do vento de postos meteorológicos de 16 municípios, a partir de uma série histórica iniciada em 1958 e concluída em 1999 por entidades distintas, sendo que não foi possível manter o mesmo intervalo de tempo em cada localidade, que possuem informações necessários para aplicação da metodologia FAO-56. Na análise dos resultados, foi aplicado estudo estatístico por meio de regressão linear e correlação entre as variáveis estudadas. Em função dos resultados da análise estatística, traçou-se o mapa das isolinhas com os dados médios de evapotranspiração de referência medidos na estação do ano de maior demanda de água no processo de evapotranspiração. Foram determinadas as demandas hídricas potenciais das...Reference evapotranspiration based only on temperature data, without evaluating of the effectiveness method. The present study had as objective verifies the precision of the methods of estimates of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) proposed by Hargreves, Thornwaite, Linacre, Jensen-Haise, Makking, Priestley & Taylor, Benavides & Lopez, Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Kharrufa, Hamon, Radiation (FAO-24, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) and Blaney-Criddle (FREVET et al., 1983) in the State of Ceará; applying the equation of Penman-Monteith (FAO-56), as pattern in the comparison of the proposed method Climatic data of temperature were used, humid relative, heatstroke and wind speed from meteorological stations of 16 municipal districts in the State of Ceará, from a historical series began in 1958 and completed in 1999 by different entities, and it was not possible to maintain the same interval of time in each location, they have got necessary data for methodology application FAO-56. In the analysis of the results a statistic study was applied through the linear regression and correlation among the several ones studied. In function of the results of the statistical analysis, the map of the isolinhas was traced with the medium data of measured reference evapotranspiration process. They were certain the demands for potential hidricas of the main fruit cultures in their more significant irrigation poles. The statistics studies reveal that the method of Blaney-Criddle, presented statistics results more significant in relation to the other methods when compared with the method...Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Digital inclusion of community health agents in brazil: new forms of learning in networks.

Este artigo apresenta as idéias centrais que orientam o projeto de Inclusão Digital dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde - ACS em desenvolvimento no Distrito Federal e no Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Idéias que circunscrevem os valores da educação aproximativa entre os sujeitos. Educação promotora da saúde. Esta requer dos profissionais, novos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes que ampliem a capacidade de cada indivíduo, família e comunidade, em ter autonomia no cuidar da saúde. O ato aproximativo se vale das tecnologias inclusivas, as quais são mediadoras dos processos educativos que ocorrem em cada território de atuação dos ACS, ampliando as possibilidades de fortalecimento das trocas de saberes e fazeres entre estes sujeitos. Saberes reconstruídos com base nas leituras das realidades, estas fundamentando as práticas educativas dos ACS. Práticas entrelaçadas por redes sociais, onde a democratização das informações e a solidariedade no agir comunicativo alimentam a utopia desses sujeitos em se aproximarem, cada vez mais, para promover a Saúde das Famílias

Biotechnological Valorization of Cupuaçu By-Products: Solid-State Fermentation for Lipase Production by <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds of triacylglycerols at the oil–water interface, generating free fatty acids, glycerol, diacylglycerol, and monoacylglycerol, which can be produced from the fermentation of agro-industrial by-products rich in fatty acids, such as cupuaçu fat cake. In this study, Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ50682 was used for lipase production from cupuaçu fat cake in solid-state fermentation (SSF) associated with soybean meal. The 2:1 ratio of cupuaçu fat cake/soybean meal increased the lipase activity of Y. lipolytica via SSF by approximately 30.3-fold compared to that in cupuaçu without supplementation. The optimal conditions for Y. lipolytica to produce lipase were obtained by supplementation with peptone, urea, and soybean oil (all at 1.5% w/v), reaching values of up to 70.6 U g−1. These results demonstrate that cupuaçu fat cake associated with soybean meal can be used for lipase production and adds value to cupuaçu by-products. Furthermore, the proper processing of by-products can contribute to improving the economic viability of the biotechnological processing industry and help prevent the accumulation of waste and environmental pollution

Lipase Production by <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> in Solid-State Fermentation Using Amazon Fruit By-Products and Soybean Meal as Substrate

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil, which is related to various health benefits including effects against cardiovascular diseases, antihypertensive, anticancer, antioxidant, antidepression, anti-aging, and anti-arthritis effects, among others, can be advantageously performed through the application of lipase. However, the high cost associated with enzyme production can make the process unfeasible and thus alternative substrates should be investigated to solve these problems. This research aimed to produce lipase by Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ50682 in solid-state fermentation using by-products of the food processing industry (andiroba oil cake and soybean meal) and verify the potential application in the initial hydrolysis of fish oil to further produce polyunsaturated fatty acids in a suitable process. A screening was carried out for the analysis of andiroba oil cake and soybean meal combinations in different proportions (0:100 to 100:0, respectively) at 48 h of the fermentation process. Afterward, the solid matrix composed by soybean meal and andiroba oil cake was supplemented with soy oil and Tween 80 to improve the lipase activity. The enzymatic extract was characterized in relation to the protein profile by electrophoresis. Finally, the enzymatic extract and the solid biocatalyst produced were applied to evaluate the potential hydrolysis of the fish oil in an initial study. Maximum lipolytic activity (63.7 U·g−1) was achieved using andiroba oil cake and soybean meal (50:50) after 24 h of fermentation. Soybean oil 1.5% and Tween 80 (0.001%) in an emulsion provided an increase of 1.5-fold (82.52 U·g−1) in the enzyme activity. The electrophoretic analysis demonstrated a band between 37 and 40 kDa that may be related to lipase and a band of 75 kDa referring to the α subunit of the β-conglycinin present in soybean meal. After 48 h, the solid biocatalyst showed a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) (71.0%) than the enzymatic extract (61.5%). The solid biocatalyst was stable during storage at room temperature for 7 months. The production of lipases using Amazon fruit by-product and soybean meal in solid-state fermentation is viable as well as the application of the extract and solid biocatalyst in the initial application for the hydrolysis of fish oil to further produce polyunsaturated fatty acids in an industrially suited process

A Universidade de Brasília promotora de saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

Instituto de Psicologia (IP)Departamento de Psicologia Clínica (IP PCL

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data