Árni Magnússon, an early-modern collector of medieval manuscripts

The article provides an overview of the life and work of the Icelandic scholar Árni Magnússon (1663-1730), collector of manuscripts and professor of history at the University of Copenhagen. He started collecting Icelandic manuscripts as a young man and his collection is now the basis for all research on Medieval Iceland. It also contains Norwegian and Danish medieval manuscripts, as well as more recent Icelandic ones.L’article donne un aperçu de la vie et de l’œuvre du savant islandais Árni Magnússon (1663-1730), collectionneur de manuscrits et professeur d’histoire à l’Université de Copenhague. Alors qu’il était encore un jeune homme, il a commencé à recueillir des manuscrits islandais. Sa collection est maintenant la base de toute recherche sur l’Islande médiévale. Elle comprend également des manuscrits médiévaux norvégiens et danois, ainsi que des manuscrits islandais plus récents.Questo articolo offre uno squarcio sulla vita e l’opera dell’intellettuale islandese Árni Magnússon (1663-1730), collezionista di manoscritti e professore di storia all’Università di Copenhagen. Quando ancòra era giovane, cominciò a raccogliere manoscritti islandesi. La sua collezione è attualmente alla base di tutte le ricerche sull’Islanda medievale. La collezione comprende anche manoscritti norvegesi e danesi, nonché codici islandesi più recenti

Gunnar Gunnarsson et le « roman du peuplement de l’Islande »

L'article étudie deux romans historiques de l'écrivain islandais de langue danoise Gunnar Gunnarsson (1889-1975), Les frères jurés (Edbrødre, publié en 1918) et Terre (Jord, publié en 1933). Malgré la différence de style et d'esprit, ces romans forment un tout et traitent d'une période particulièrement importante dans l'histoire de l'Islande : la période du peuplement entre 874 et 930. L'auteur ne décrit pas ce mouvement dans son ensemble, il s'intéresse avant tout à deux moments : le début, avec l'installation du premier colon norvégien, qu'il décrit dans les Frères jurés, et la fin, avec l'établissement d'une société organisée, soumise à un parlement et une législation, qu'il décrit dans Terre. Pour illustrer le contexte intellectuel dans lequel ces deux romans furent écrits, l'article rappelle les théories de l'historien danois Kristian Erslev, publiées en 1911 : elles revendiquent l'autonomie de l'historiographie par rapport à la science historique et mettent le roman historique presqu'au même niveau que l'historiographie. Selon elles, le romancier historique a même des atouts que l'historien n'a pas. Les deux romans de Gunnar Gunnarsson paraissent tout à fait conformes aux théories d'Erslev, et les atouts du romancier ici consistent à envisager des problèmes historiques que l'historien est condamné à ignorer. Le problème qui intéresse Gunnar Gunnarsson avait déjà été posé indirectement par l'écrivain norvégien Hans E. Kinck en 1916 : c'est celui du déracinement des colons norvégiens, obligés de quitter brutalement la terre de leurs ancêtres, et leur enracinement dans un pays neuf. Dans ces deux romans, Gunnar Gunnarsson donne sa réponse : pour que le mouvement d'émigration fût possible il fallait une coopération particulière entre esprit d'aventure et esprit d'enracinement, l'un et l'autre personnifiés dans le premier roman par les deux frères jurés.Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden zwei historische Romane des isländischen Schriftstellers dänischer Sprache Gunnar Gunnarsson (1889-1975) untersucht, Eidbrüder (Edbrødre, erschienen 1918) und Erde (Jord, erschienen 1933). Trotz der Unterschiede in Stil und Geisteshaltung bilden die beiden Romane eine Einheit und behandeln einen für die Geschichte Islands besonders wichtigen Zeitabschnitt: die Periode der Besiedlung zwischen 874 und 930. Der Autor beschreibt diese Bewegung nicht in ihrer Gesamtheit, sondern er interessiert sich vor allem für zwei Zeitabschnitte: Den Beginn, mit der Ansiedelung des ersten norwegischen Siedlers, den er in Eidbruder beschreibt, und das Ende, gekennzeichnet durch die Errichtung einer organisierten Gesellschaft, in der die Gesetzgebung in einem Parlament erfolgt, das er in Erde beschreibt. Zur Beleuchtung des geistigen Hintergrunds dieser beiden Romane werden im Artikel die 1911 publizierten Theorien des dänischen Historikers Kristian Erslev angeführt: dieser fordert darin die Autonomie der Geschichtsschreibung gegenüber der Geschichtswissenschaft und stellt den historischen Roman fast auf dieselbe Ebene wie die Geschichtsschreibung. Demnach ist der Verfasser historischer Romane in gewissen Bereichen im Vorteil gegenüber dem Historiker. Die beiden Romane Gunnar Gunnarssons entsprechen offensichtlich ganz den Theorien Erslevs, und die Stärke des Autors scheint hier die Berücksichtigung einer historischen Problematik zu sein, die der Historiker nicht beachten kann. Die Probleme, für die sich Gunnar Gunnarsson interessiert, wurden indirekt schon vom norwegischen Schriftsteller Hans E. Kinck 1916 behandelt, nämlich die Entwurzelung der norwegischen Siedler, die plötzlich das Land ihrer Ahnen verlassen müssen und ihre Verwurzelung in einem neuen Land. Gunnar Gunnarsson gibt in diesen beiden Romanen seine Antwort darauf: eine Auswanderungsbewegung ist nur durch das Zusammenspiel von Abenteuerlust und Bodenständigkeit möglich, beide personifiziert im ersten Roman durch die zwei Eidbrüder

La Saga de Thórdur kakali : une œuvre de propagande ?

Il est couramment admis que parmi les sources de la Sturlunga saga il y avait une « Saga de Thórdur kakali », dont le compilateur aurait coupé le début et la fin pour ne garder que la partie concernant les années 1242-1250. L'article propose une autre hypothèse sur ce texte : il ne serait pas un fragment d'une saga au sens courant de ce mot, mais un écrit politique de circonstance destiné à expliquer l'action de Thórdur, membre de la puissante famille des Sturlungar et à justifier sa domination sur l'Islande. Composé lorsque Thórdur était au sommet de sa puissance, cet écrit se serait arrêté avant son départ pour la Norvège en 1250, qui sonna le glas de ses ambitions politiques.Is the Thórdur kakali Saga a propaganda work ? This paper proposes a theory about the « Saga de Thórdur kakali » which is a part of the huge compilation Sturlunga saga. According to the author, this text, which the compilator follows for the years 1242-1250, was not a saga telling the whole life of its hero untill his death in 1256, but a political pamphlet written to explain the action of Thórdur and to justify his domination over Iceland. It was written when he was at the height of his power and stopped before his departure from Iceland in 1250, which put an end to his ambition

Les « miroirs aux princes » sont-ils un genre littéraire ?

Depuis fort longtemps on a pris l'habitude de désigner un certain nombre de traités politiques médiévaux dans l'Occident chrétien par le terme générique de « miroirs aux princes » (Fürstenspiegel en allemand, mirror of princes en anglais). Sur ces œuvres, il existe maintenant une littérature abondante, mais autant que nous le sachions, les nombreux auteurs qui les ont étudiées se sont surtout intéressés à leur contenu politique et aux informations qu'elles peuvent nous fournir sur l'idéologie..

Sudden loss of consciousness in a previously healthy patient

Peer reviewe

Case report: Intraocular foreign body

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkin

Incidence of Bicycle injuries presenting to the Emergency Department in Reykjavik 2005-2010

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnInngangur: Hjólreiðar verða sífellt vinsælli samgöngumáti á Íslandi. Opinber skráning reiðhjólaslysa byggir á lögregluskýrslum en minni reið- hjólaslys eru líklega ekki tilkynnt til lögreglunnar þar sem önnur ökutæki eða einstaklingar koma ekki við sögu. Því er hugsanlegt að tíðni reið- hjólaslysa sé vanskráð. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var því að kanna faraldsfræði slasaðra í reiðhjólaslysum sem leita til bráðamóttöku Landspítala vegna áverka. Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknin náði til allra sem leituðu á bráðamóttöku Landspítalans vegna reiðhjólaslyss frá 1. janúar 2005 til 31. desember 2010. Allar sjúkraskrár voru yfirfarnar og eftirfarandi breytur skráðar: kyn, aldur, ár, mánuður slyss/áverka, hjálmanotkun, slysagreiningar, alvarleiki áverka og innlagnir. Hjá innlögðum voru aukalega eftirfarandi breytur skráðar: legudagar á gjörgæslu og á legudeildum, myndgreiningarrannsóknir og aðgerðir. Niðurstöður: Alls voru 3472 komur á bráðamóttöku vegna reiðhjólaslysa, þar af 68,3% karlar en 31,7% konur. Fjöldi slasaðra á ári er því um 579. Meðalaldur slasaðra reyndist 22,6 ár (1-95 ára). Flestir slasast (72,4%) við leik eða tómstundaiðju og í 45,7% tilfella áttu slysin sér stað við íbúðarsvæði utandyra. Flest slysin voru mánuðina frá maí til september eða 71,3%. Orsök slysa var í 44,0% tilvika skráð sem lágt fall eða stökk. Hjálmanotkun var einungis skráð í 14,2% tilvika. Af líkamssvæðum áverkastigsins reyndist áverki oftast á efri útlim eða í 47,1% tilfella. Lítill áverki (ISS ≤3 stig) (áverkaskorið ISS: Injury Severity Score) reyndist hjá 65,6% sjúklinga og 29,3% sjúklinga voru með meðaláverka (ISS 4-8 stig). Alls lögðust 124 sjúklingar inn og meðallegutími var 5 dagar. Enginn lést á rannsóknartímabilinu. Ályktanir: Reiðhjólaslysum hefur fjölgað lítillega á rannsóknartímabilinu en fjölgun slysa virðist minni en fjölgun hjólreiðamanna. Fleiri karlar en konur leita á sjúkrahús vegna afleiðinga reiðhjólaslysa og meirihluti slasaðra er ungur að árum. Slysin eiga sér yfirleitt stað á vorin og á sumrin. Flestir slasast lítið en 3,6% slasaðra þurfti að leggja inn á LandspítalaIntroduction: Bicycling has become increasingly popular in Iceland. Official registration of bicycle accidents is based on police reports. As minor accidents are often not reported to the police, these accidents may be underreported in police records. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of bicycle related accidents in patients seeking medical assistance at the Emergency Department (ED) at Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik (LUH), Iceland. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the ED at LUH, Iceland from January 2005 to December 2010. All medical files were reviewed and sex, age, year and month of accident/ injury, helmet wearing, ICD-10 diagnosis, severity of injury according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) recorded. The rate of hospital admission was examined with length of stay, Intensive Care Unit admission, use of medical imaging and operative treatment. Results: A total of 3472 patients presented to the ED with bicycle related accidents , 68.3% men and 31.7% female. The average age of patients was 22,6 years (1-95 years). Most are injured during recreational activities (72.4%) and in residence areas (45,7%). Most injuries occurred during May-September (71.4%). Data on counterparty was missing in 74.9% of cases. The cause of accident was in 44.0% a low fall or jump. The upper extremity was injured in 47.1% cases. A majority of the patients (65.6%) had a mild injury (ISS≤3points) and 29.3% had a moderate injury (4-8 points). No fatalities were found during the study period. Use of helmets was only recorded in 14.2% of cases. In total 124 patients were admitted during the period where the mean time of admission was 5 days. Conclusion: The incidence of bicycle injuries increased during the study period but appears to have increased less than the number of bicyclists. Injuries are more frequent among males and the majority are of a young age. The accidents usually occur during the spring and summer. Most injuries are minor but 3.6% required admission

Clinical guidelines from Landspitali University Hospital on the diagnosis and treatment of acute asthma exacerbation

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)janúar 2003 voru gefnar út á vegum Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines (SIGN) og The British Thoracic Society vandaðar leiðbeiningar um grein-ingu og meðferð bráðrar versnunar á astma. Birt-ust leiðbeiningarnar í Thorax 2003; 58 (Suppl 1) og eru aðgengilegar á pdf-formi á slóðinni: www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/63/index.html Ástæða þess að talið var æskilegt að þýða og staðfæra hluta leiðbeininganna hér á landi var að um algengt bráðavandamál er að ræða sem læknar þurfa að vera færir um að bregðast við. Því er til mikilla bóta ef hægt er að nálgast einfaldar og skýrar leiðbeiningar um greiningu og meðferð þessara sjúklinga. Rétt er að benda á að heildarleiðbeiningarnar frá SIGN eru mjög ítarlegar og taka meðal annars til astma í börnum, astma á meðgöngu auk almenns fróðleiks um greiningu og meðferð sjúkdómsins. Vinnuhópurinn sem tók að sér að þýða og staðfæra þessar leiðbeiningar um bráðaversnun á astma var skipaður eftirtöldum: Hjalti Már Björnsson, deildarlæknir Gunnar Guðmundsson, lungnalæknir Jón Steinar Jónsson, heilsugæslulæknir Unnur Steina Björnsdóttir, ofnæmislæknir Inga Sif Ólafsdóttir, deildarlæknir Ari J. Jóhannesson, formaður nefndar um klínískar leiðbeiningar á Landspítala. Þar sem um er að ræða gagnreynda (evidence based) ferla voru óverulegar breytingar gerðar á þeim við þýðingu. Nánari sundurliðun á öllum breytingum sem gerðar voru má finna á vefsvæði kínískra leiðbeininga á www.landspitali.is Uppsetning ferlanna miðast við að auðvelt sé að prenta þá út og hafa á veggspjöldum þar sem þeirra er þörf

An Icelandic Noctuary of 1794

The Rev. Sæmundur Magnússon Hólm (1749–1821) is mostly known for portraits of prominent Icelanders as well as for several colourful pictures of volcanoes and phantasmagoric landscapes. He spent fifteen years in Copenhagen where he studied theology at the University and fine arts at the Royal Academy of Arts – the first Icelander to graduate from that school. He wrote some poetry, most of it still unpublished, but the most noteworthy item of his writings is a notebook containing a diary of his dreams or noctuary, preserved from the year 1794. Indeed, Sæmundur seems to have made such notes over many decades, though only this notebook and a few later accounts survive. These texts have now been published and this article presents an overview of their contents as they relate to Sæmundur Hólm’s life and works, most importantly the period from his traumatic arrival at the parish of Helgafell in the autumn of 1789 to his dreams of 1794. Most of those dreams concerned his worries and quarrels in daily life at Helgafell, some of them interspersed with fantastic elements, or they echoed childhood memories or his longing for some sort of return to his former and more enjoyable life in Copenhagen. Very few of them are meant to be predictive and hardly any contain religious undertones. Numerous of the dreams are illustrated with small and simple drawings or signs, a few of them included here.https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-429322</p