Etudes structures activités de l'inhibition de L'ADN Topoisomerase I humaine par les poisons et les suppresseurs de l'enzyme

L' @ADN topoisomérase I (topo 1) humaine joue un rôle essentiel dans la résolution des problèmes de topologie de l'ADN et constitue une cible privilégiée de nombreux agents anticancéreux. Les mécanismes d'action des inhibiteurs de la topo 1 sont caractérisés soit par l'empoisonnement de l'enzyme dû à la stabilisation du complexe binaire entre l'enzyme et l'ADN, soit par la suppression des sites de reconnaissance de l'enzyme, soit par les effets de modification de la structure de l'ADN ou de la topo 1. Ce travail présente l'analyse des effets moléculaires et cellulaires de représentants de quatre familles d'inhibiteurs de la topo 1 : les camptothécines, les benzo[c]phénanthridines et les ligands du sillon mineur (les dérivés de nétropsines, de Höechst) et les polyamines synthétiques.Les résultats de ces travaux ont permis d'émettre des perspectives encourageantes quant à la compréhension des relations structures-activités des composés anticancéreux inhibiteurs de la topo 1REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation du potentiel anti-leucémique d'une benzo(c)phénanthridine, l'Ethoxyfagaronine

Les leucémies aigües se caractérisent par une prolifération incontrôlée et par l'augmentation accrue de cellules hématopoïétiques immatures dans la circulation sanguine conduisant à l'infiltration de nombreux organes. Un certain nombre de mécanismes tels que la protéolyse matricielle, l'adhérence cellulaire et l'angiogénèse participent à ce processus d'infiltration extramédullaire et favorisent l'apparition de rechute suite au traitement chimio-thérapeutique. Notre projet s'intéresse à l'éthoxyfagaronine, une benzo(c)phénantridine dérivée de la fagaronine. Au cours de notre étude, nous avons mis en évidence la capacité de l'Etxfag à réduire le potentiel invasif des cellules L1210 impliquant une diminution de l'expression de la MT-MMP à la membrane plasmique ainsi qu'une inhibition du système activateur du plasminogène. Nous mettons également en évidence la capacité de l'Etxfag à diminuer l'adhérence des cellules L1210 au peptide de fibronectine WQPPRARI. Cette diminution implique une déstructuration des radeaux lipidiques empêchant le clustering des intégrines beta1 et leur interaction avec le peptide de fibronectine. Nous montrons également la diminution de l'activation des voies de signalisation dépendantes des intégrines telles que FAK, PYK2 et la PI3-kinase. Notre étude a également porté sur les effets anti-angiogéniques de l'Extfag. Nous montrons la capacité de l'Extfag à réduire l'angiogénèse par l'utilisation de modèle in vitro, ex vivo et in vivo. Cet effet anti-angiogénique semble être lié à une altération des propriétés migratoires des cellules endothéliales. L'ensemble de ces résultats souligne le potentiel anti-leucémique de l'Extfag qui pourrait représenter un nouvel agent chimio-thérapeutique capable de prévenir la dissémination des cellules leucémiques.Acute leukemias are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and increased immature hematopoietic cells in the bloodstream leading to the infiltration of many organs. A number of mechanisms such as matrix proteolysis, cell adhesion and angiogenesis are involved in extramedullary infiltration process and promote the appearance of relapse after chemotherapeutic treatment. Our project focuses on the ethoxyfagaronine (Extfag), a benzo(c)phenanthridine derivative of fagaronine. In our study, we demonstrated the ability of the Extfag to reduce the invasive potential of L1210 cells by decreasing MT1-MMP expression to the plasma membrane and by inhibiting the plasminogen activator system. We also demonstrated the ability of Extfag to reduce the adhesion of L1210 cells to fibronectin peptide WQPPRARI. This reduction implies a disorganization of lipid rafts preventing clustering of beta1 integrins and their interaction with fibronectin peptide. We also have shown a decrease of integrin-dependent signaling pathways activation such as FAK, PYK2 and PI3-kinase. We have also studied the anti-angiogenic effects of Extfag. We have shown the ability of the Extfag to reduce angiogenesis by using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo model. This antiangiogenic effect seems to be related to altered migratory properties of endothelial cells. Taken together, these results highlight the anti-leukemic potential of Extfag which could represent a new chemotherapeutic agent capable of preventing leukemic cells dissemination.REIMS-SCD-Bib. electronique (514549901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Identification of CD160-TM as a tumor target on triple negative breast cancers: possible therapeutic applications

Abstract Background Despite major therapeutic advances, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still presents a worth prognosis than hormone receptors-positive breast cancers. One major issue relies in the molecular and mutational heterogeneity of TNBC subtypes that is reinforced by the absence of reliable tumor-antigen that could serve as a specific target to further promote efficient tumor cell recognition and depletion. CD160 is a receptor mainly expressed by NK lymphocytes and presenting two isoforms, namely the GPI-anchored form (CD160-GPI) and the transmembrane isoform (CD160-TM). While CD160-GPI is constitutively expressed on resting cells and involved in the generation of NK cells' cytotoxic activity, CD160-TM is neo-synthesized upon activation and promotes the amplification of NK cells' killing ability. Methods CD160 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry on TNBC patient biopsies or cell lines, respectively. Antibody (Ab)-mediated tumor depletion was tested in vitro by performing antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP) assays, and in vivo on a TNBC mouse model. Results Preliminary data obtained by IHC on TNBC patients' tumor biopsies revealed an unconventional expression of CD160 by TNBC tumor cells. By using a specific but conformation-dependent anti-CD160-TM Ab, we established that CD160-TM, but not CD160-GPI, was expressed by TNBC tumor cells. A conformation-independent anti-CD160-TM mAb (22B12; muIgG2a isotype) was generated and selected according to pre-defined specificity and functional criterions. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that ADCC and ADCP could be induced in the presence of 22B12, resulting in TNBC cell line apoptosis. The ability of 22B12 to exert an in vivo anti-tumor activity was also demonstrated on a TNBC murine model. Conclusions Our data identify CD160-TM as a tumor marker for TNBC and provide a rational for the use of anti-CD160-TM antibodies as therapeutic tools in this tumor context

LRP-1 Silencing Prevents Malignant Cell Invasion despite Increased Pericellular Proteolytic Activities▿

The scavenger receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) mediates the clearance of a variety of biological molecules from the pericellular environment, including proteinases which degrade the extracellular matrix in cancer progression. However, its accurate functions remain poorly explored and highly controversial. Here we show that LRP-1 silencing by RNA interference results in a drastic inhibition of cell invasion despite a strong stimulation of pericellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator proteolytic activities. Cell migration in both two and three dimensions is decreased by LRP-1 silencing. LRP-1-silenced carcinoma cells, which are characterized by major cytoskeleton rearrangements, display atypical overspread morphology with a lack of membrane extensions. LRP-1 silencing accelerates cell attachment, inhibits cell-substrate deadhesion, and induces the accumulation, at the cell periphery, of abundant talin-containing focal adhesion complexes deprived of FAK and paxillin. We conclude that in addition to its role in ligand binding and endocytosis, LRP-1 regulates cytoskeletal organization and adhesive complex turnover in malignant cells by modulating the focal complex composition, thereby promoting invasion

Anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic effects of low-diluted phenacetinum on melanoma

International audienceMelanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. If primary cutaneous melanoma is mostly treated with a curative wide local excision, malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis and needs other therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis is a normal physiological process essential in growth and development, but it also plays a crucial role in crossing from benign to advanced state in cancer. In melanoma progression, angiogenesis is widely involved during the vertical growth phase. Currently, no anti-angiogenic agents are efficient on their own, and combination of treatments will probably be the key to success. In the past, phenacetin was used as an analgesic to relieve pain, causing side effects at large dose and tumor-inducing in humans and animals. By contrast, Phenacetinum low-dilution is often used in skin febrile exanthema, patches profusely scattered on limbs, headache, or flushed face without side effects. Herein are described the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Phenacetinum low-dilution in a B16F1 tumor model and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits in vivo tumor growth and tumor vascularization and thus increases the survival time of B16F1 melanoma induced-C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, Phenacetinum modulates the lung metastasis in a B16F10 induced model. Ex vivo and in vitro, we evidence that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits the migration and the recruitment of endothelial cells and leads to an imbalance in the pro-tumoral macrophages and to a structural malformation of the vascular network. All together these results demonstrate highly hopeful anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects of Phenacetinum low-dilution on melanoma. Continued studies are needed to preclinically validate Phenacetinum low-dilution as a complementary or therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment

Additional file 1 of Identification of CD160-TM as a tumor target on triple negative breast cancers: possible therapeutic applications

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures 1–3

ptARgenOM—A Flexible Vector For CRISPR/CAS9 Nonviral Delivery

International audienceViral-mediated delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is one the most commonly used techniques to modify the genome of a cell, with the aim of analyzing the function of the targeted gene product. While these approaches are rather straightforward for membrane-bound proteins, they can be laborious for intracellular proteins, given that selection of full knockout (KO) cells often requires the amplification of single-cell clones. Moreover, viral-mediated delivery systems, besides the Cas9 and gRNA, lead to the integration of unwanted genetic material, such as antibiotic resistance genes, introducing experimental biases. Here, an alternative non-viral delivery approach is presented for CRISPR/Cas9, allowing efficient and flexible selection of KO polyclonal cells. This all-in-one mammalian CRISPR-Cas9 expression vector, ptARgenOM, encodes the gRNA and the Cas9 linked to a ribosomal skipping peptide sequence followed by the enhanced green fluorescent protein and the puromycin N-acetyltransferase, allowing for transient, expression-dependent selection and enrichment of isogenic KO cells. After evaluation using more than 12 distinct targets in 6 cell lines, ptARgenOM is found to be efficient in producing KO cells, reducing the time required to obtain a polyclonal isogenic cell line by 4–6 folds. Altogether ptARgenOM provides a simple, fast, and cost-effective delivery tool for genome editing