Sarjamagneettistimulaatio kivun ja neurologisten sairauksien hoidossa

• Aivojen sarjamagneettistimulaatio (rTMS) on kajoamaton neuromodulaatiohoito, jolla ei ole turvasuosituksia noudatettaessa vakavia haittavaikutuksia.• Eurooppalaisessa näytönastekatsauksessa rTMS on arvioitu varmasti tehokkaaksi hermoperäiseen kipuun ja alle 6 kuukautta kestäneen aivohalvauksen kuntoutukseen (näytönaste A).• Sarjamagneettistimulaatio on todennäköisesti tehokasta Parkinsonin taudin liikehäiriöihin, MS-potilaiden alaraajojen spastisuuteen, tinnitukseen ja fibromyalgiaan.• Se saattaa olla tehokasta hoitoresistentin epilepsian, monimuotoisen alueellisen kiputilan (CRPS) ja neglect-oireiston hoidossa.</p

Sarjamagneettistimulaation mahdollisuudet psykiatriassa ja tulevaisuuden näkymät

Eurooppalaisessa näytönastekatsauksessa sarjamagneettistimulaatio (rTMS) on arvioitu varmasti tehokkaaksi masennuksen hoitomuodoksi (näytönaste A). Teho sijoittunee lääkehoidon ja sähköhoidon välille.rTMS on todennäköisesti tehokasta (näytönaste B) kaksisuuntaisen mielialahäiriön masennusjaksoissa, traumaperäisessä stressihäiriössä ja skitsofrenian negatiivissa oireissa.Menetelmän tekninen kehitys on nopeaa, ja lähitulevaisuudessa hoito todennäköisesti nopeutuu, tehostuu ja sen vaikuttavuus paranee edelleen.</p

Neonatal brainstem auditory function associates with early receptive language development in preterm children

Aim: To study whether auditory function measured with brainstem auditory evoked potential and brainstem audiometry recordings in the neonatal period associates with language development 1 year later in preterm infants.Methods: This retrospective study included 155 preterm infants (birthweight ≤1500 g and/or birth ≤32 gestational weeks) born between 2007 and 2012 at the Turku University Hospital. Auditory function was recorded in neonatal period. Information of language development was gathered at the mean corrected age of 1 year by using the Finnish version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory.Results: Slower auditory processing (longer interpeak interval, IPI I-V) in the right ear in the neonatal brainstem auditory evoked potential recording associated with smaller receptive lexicon size at 1 year (P = .043). Infants with longer IPI I-V were more likely to have a deviant (≤17 words) receptive lexicon size (P = .033). The ab-sence of a contralateral response with right ear stimulation increased the risk for deviant lexicon size (P = .049).Conclusion: The results suggest that impaired auditory function in the neonatal pe-riod in preterm infants may lead to a poorer receptive language outcome 1 year later. Auditory pathway function assessment provides information for the identification of preterm children at risk for weak language development.Peer reviewe

Rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the emergence of Omicron variant, Finland

Non peer reviewe

Non-invasive therapeutic brain stimulation for treatment of resistant focal epilepsy in a teenager

A 13-year-old boy with symptomatic focal epilepsy due to a right parietal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) presented pre- and post-operatively fluctuating tinnitus and sensory symptoms which became persistent after incomplete tumor resection. He received low-frequency rTMS treatment and cathodal tDCS treatment.Case report with clinical details and pictures from rTMS and tDCS stimulation targets.The patient became symptom free with an initial low-frequency rTMS treatment series targeted to the EEG-verified epileptic zone followed by maintenance therapy at the same region with cathodal tDCS at home.Both rTMS and tDCS could be more often used in adolescents when drug treatment and surgery do not cease focal epilepsy, here with fluctuating tinnitus.\nAims\nMethods\nResults\nConclusions</div

Inferior parietal lobule and early visual areas support elicitation of individualized meanings during narrative listening

Introduction: When listening to a narrative, the verbal expressions translate into meanings and flow of mental imagery. However, the same narrative can be heard quite differently based on differences in listeners' previous experiences and knowledge. We capitalized on such differences to disclose brain regions that support transformation of narrative into individualized propositional meanings and associated mental imagery by analyzing brain activity associated with behaviorally assessed individual meanings elicited by a narrative. Methods: Sixteen right-handed female subjects were instructed to list words that best described what had come to their minds while listening to an eight-minute narrative during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were analyzed by calculating voxel-wise intersubject correlation (ISC) values. We used latent semantic analysis (LSA) enhanced with Wordnet knowledge to measure semantic similarity of the produced words between subjects. Finally, we predicted the ISC with the semantic similarity using representational similarity analysis. Results: We found that semantic similarity in these word listings between subjects, estimated using LSA combined with WordNet knowledge, predicting similarities in brain hemodynamic activity. Subject pairs whose individual semantics were similar also exhibited similar brain activity in the bilateral supramarginal and angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe, and in the occipital pole. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate, using a novel method to measure interindividual differences in semantics, brain mechanisms giving rise to semantics and associated imagery during narrative listening. During listening to a captivating narrative, the inferior parietal lobe and early visual cortical areas seem, thus, to support elicitation of individual meanings and flow of mental imagery.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of commercial and automated SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs using coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient samples

Antibody-screening methods to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) need to be validated. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs in conjunction with the EUROLabworkstation (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany). Overall specificities were 91.9% and 73.0% for IgG and IgA ELISAs, respectively. Of 39 coronavirus disease patients, 13 were IgG and IgA positive and 11 IgA alone at sampling. IgGs and IgAs were respectively detected at a median of 12 and 11 days after symptom onset.Peer reviewe

Normal neonatal brainstem audiometry in preterm infants predicted normal hearing later in childhood

Non peer reviewe

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment may negatively affect auditory maturation in preterm infants

Aim Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices generate loud noise, which might harm auditory function and maturation. The function of auditory pathways can be examined by using brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and brainstem audiometry (BA) recordings. Our objective was to study whether CPAP treatment during the neonatal period is associated with abnormalities in BAEP and BA recordings. Methods Included in this retrospective study were preterm infants (birth weight <= 1500 g and/or gestational age <= 32 weeks) born between 2002 and 2006 with a comprehensive clinical background and follow-up data, including the duration of CPAP treatment (n = 162). BAEP and BA were recorded near the mean corrected age of one month. The following variables from BAEP and BA examinations were analysed: latencies of BAEP components I, III, V, interpeak intervals (IPI) I-V, I-III, III-V (ms), amplitude I and V (mu V), amplitude ratio I/V and BA thresholds. Results In the adjusted analysis, a longer CPAP treatment leads to longer latencies of BAEP component III (p = 0.01) and V (p = 0.02) in the right ear. Conclusion CPAP treatment may impair the auditory maturation and processing mediated via the dominant right ear. The hearing and neurodevelopment of the children who are treated with CPAP should be followed

Lipreading a naturalistic narrative in a female population : Neural characteristics shared with listening and reading

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Introduction: Few of us are skilled lipreaders while most struggle with the task. Neural substrates that enable comprehension of connected natural speech via lipreading are not yet well understood. Methods: We used a data-driven approach to identify brain areas underlying the lipreading of an 8-min narrative with participants whose lipreading skills varied extensively (range 6–100%, mean = 50.7%). The participants also listened to and read the same narrative. The similarity between individual participants’ brain activity during the whole narrative, within and between conditions, was estimated by a voxel-wise comparison of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal time courses. Results: Inter-subject correlation (ISC) of the time courses revealed that lipreading, listening to, and reading the narrative were largely supported by the same brain areas in the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices, precuneus, and cerebellum. Additionally, listening to and reading connected naturalistic speech particularly activated higher-level linguistic processing in the parietal and frontal cortices more consistently than lipreading, probably paralleling the limited understanding obtained via lip-reading. Importantly, higher lipreading test score and subjective estimate of comprehension of the lipread narrative was associated with activity in the superior and middle temporal cortex. Conclusions: Our new data illustrates that findings from prior studies using well-controlled repetitive speech stimuli and stimulus-driven data analyses are also valid for naturalistic connected speech. Our results might suggest an efficient use of brain areas dealing with phonological processing in skilled lipreaders.Peer reviewe