The Effect Of Urban Runoff Water And Human Activities On Some Physico- Chemical Parameters Of The Epie Creek In The Niger Delta

The Epie creek was investigated for six months from five sampling stations to determine the effects of urban runoff and human activities on some physico-chemical parameters. Variations in the physicochemicalparameters were observed from station to station both in the dry and rainy seasons. These variations were attributed to runoff water and human activities in the Epie Creek. Although the levels of most of thesephysico-chemical parameters were found to be within the safe limits for drinking water, the mean DO levels were generally found to be lower than septic levels and thus unsafe for fish and other aquatic organisms. The chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and ammonia levels were found to be higher during the rainy season than the dry season, suggesting that runoff water contributed to their levels in the creek. It was also observed that the levels of TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, potassium, sodium, conductivity, chloride, nitrates, sulphates,ammonia and phosphates in sections of the Epie creek traversing the Yenagoa metropolis were higher than those from the upstream sections. These higher levels were attributed to human activities in the creek. The potential risk associated with the generally low DO levels and the high nutrients have been highlighte

The Effect Of Urban Runoff Water And Human Activities On Some Physico-Chemical Parameters Of The Epie Creek In The Niger Delta

The Epie creek was investigated for six months from five sampling stations to determine the effects of urban runoff and human activities on some physico-chemical parameters. Variations in the physico-chemical parameters were observed from station to station both in the dry and rainy seasons. These variations were attributed to runoff water and human activities in the Epie Creek. Although the levels of most of these physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the safe limits for drinking water, the mean DO levels were generally found to be lower than septic levels and thus unsafe for fish and other aquatic organisms. The chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and ammonia levels were found to be higher during the rainy season than the dry season, suggesting that runoff water contributed to their levels in the creek. It was also observed that the levels of TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, potassium, sodium, conductivity, chloride, nitrates, sulphates, ammonia and phosphates in sections of the Epie creek traversing the Yenagoa metropolis were higher than those from the upstream sections. These higher levels were attributed to human activities in the creek. The potential risk associated with the generally low DO levels and the high nutrients have been highlighted. @ JASE

Acid-base indicator properties of dyes from local plants I: dyes from Basella alba (Indian spinach) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo)

The acid-base indicator properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts from calyces of H. sabdariffa (Zobo) and a dye obtained from the ripe fruits of Basella alba (Indian spinach), two local plants, were investigated. A purple coloured dye obtained from the ripe fruits of Basella alba showed a λmax at 580nm, absorptivity of 0.2269 and was found to be photochemically unstable. A deep red coloured dye obtained from aqueous and ethanol extracts of H. sabdariffa had λmax of 520nm and 540nm and absorptivities of 0.1909 and 0.1187 respectively. The peaks are associated with nЛ* transitions. In strong acid/strong base titrations using the dyes as indicators, the end-points obtained agreed well with those obtained using conventional indicators. The dyes were found not suitable for weak acid/weak base titrations. The Ka of the purple dye from Basella alba was of the order of 10-5 while that of the red dye from H. sabdariffa was of the order of 10-6. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 10(1) 2006: 5-

Acid-base indicator properties of dyes from local plants I: Dyes from Basella alba (Indian spinach) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo)

The acid-base indicator properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts from calyces of H. sabdariffa (Zobo) and a dye obtained from the ripe fruits of Basella alba (Indian spinach), two local plants, were investigated. A purple coloured dye obtained from the ripe fruits of Basella alba showed a \u3bbmax at 580nm, absorptivity of 0.2269 and was found to be photochemically unstable. A deep red coloured dye obtained from aqueous and ethanol extracts of H. sabdariffa had \u3bbmax of 520nm and 540nm and absorptivities of 0.1909 and 0.1187 respectively. The peaks are associated with n\u2192\u41b* transitions. In strong acid/strong base titrations using the dyes as indicators, the end-points obtained agreed well with those obtained using conventional indicators. The dyes were found not suitable for weak acid/weak base titrations. The Ka of the purple dye from Basella alba was of the order of 10-5 while that of the red dye from H. sabdariffa was of the order of 10-6

Soil Contamination from Cassava Wastewater Discharges in a Rural Community in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Ten soil samples were collected with a 9mm Dutch auger along two transects for six months for the purposes of investigating the effects of cassava wastewater on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils around a cassava processing plant in a rural community in the Niger Delta. It was observed that the addition of cassava wastewater to the soil resulted to changes in the parameters. Mean Mg level of the soil samples was lower than the mean in the control soil samples. Correlation analysis shows that soil pH influenced CN- (r = 0.18); K (r = 0.17); Ca (r = 0.97); Mg (r = 0.13); Na (r = 0.03); P (r = 0.08); N (r = 0.40); Organic Carbon (r = 0.08) and organic matter (r = 0.06). The cyanide levels in the soils were found to be higher than the recommended limits for agriculture and other purposes. Also, amongst the exchangeable bases, Mg was significantly influenced by cassava wastewater discharges. The implications of these variations on agriculture and other activities have been appraised. \ua9 JASE

A theoretical treatment of the dependence of the capacity factor of weak monoprotic acids on counter-ion concentration in ion-pair reversed phase chromatography

1039-1042A theoretical equation has been derived to show that the capacity factor of monoprotic acids which partially dissociate in the mobile phase in ion-pair reversed phase chromatography, is related to the ion-pair formation constant and the counter-ion and hydrogen ion concentrations. It is suggested that the capacity factor is directly proportional to the counter ion concentration up to a maximum concentration of the counter-ion beyond which the capacity factor is inversely proportional to the counter-ion concentration, when the ion-pair formation is completely quantitative.</span

Domestic waste levels and an assessment of their current management strategies in Yenogoa Metropolis

The quantities and types of domestic solid wastes were determined for the purposes of planning and effective management of wastes in the Yenagoa metropolis. The current status of waste management in the metropolis was also assessed to identify the problems and prospects for effective waste management. The study shows that with a per capita daily waste production of 0. 189±0.039 kg, an average of about 28, 350 kg of waste are produced daily in Yenagoa metropolis. About 83% of the wastes produced were food wastes made up mainly of yam and plantain peelings. As regards current status of waste management, the study observed that, there was no equipment available for the management of domestic solid waste and no final dumping site for sanitary disposal of wastes was available. The major problems militating against the effective management of wastes were the lack of awareness on the part of the citizenry of the importance of proper waste disposal; the non-availability of collection points and the lack of political will of the relevant ity to meet the demands of proper waste management. Keywords: Domestic waste levels, management, Yenagoa [Global Jnl Environ Sci Vol.1(1) 2002: 15-20

Conductance studies of alkali iodides in mixed organic solvents I: Conductance measurements in N,N-dimethylformamideacetonitrile mixed solvents

939-942Limiting ionic conductivities, lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium have been obtained in pure N,N-dimethylform amide and acetonitrile and in their mixtures at 25°C. The plots of the limiting ionic conductivities as a function of the mole fraction or DMF in the solvent mixtures are similar for all the ions studied and show a valley at 0.20 mole fraction of DMF. The conductivity and solvent viscosity data have been utilized in tile modified Stokes' equation to estimate the solvation numbers of the ions  in various sol vent systems. For Li+, the salvation numbers range between 2.38 and 3.85; for Na+, K+ and Cs+, the solvation numbers range between 2.25 - 4.14; 1.97 -3.10 and 1.12 - 2.23 respectively in the various solvent systems. The results of the study have been interpreted in terms of ion-solvent interact ions and solvent properties.</span

The Effect Of Urban Runoff Water And Human Activities On Some Physico-Chemical Parameters Of The Epie Creek In The Niger Delta

The Epie creek was investigated for six months from five sampling stations to determine the effects of urban runoff and human activities on some physico-chemical parameters. Variations in the physico-chemical parameters were observed from station to station both in the dry and rainy seasons. These variations were attributed to runoff water and human activities in the Epie Creek. Although the levels of most of these physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the safe limits for drinking water, the mean DO levels were generally found to be lower than septic levels and thus unsafe for fish and other aquatic organisms. The chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and ammonia levels were found to be higher during the rainy season than the dry season, suggesting that runoff water contributed to their levels in the creek. It was also observed that the levels of TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, potassium, sodium, conductivity, chloride, nitrates, sulphates, ammonia and phosphates in sections of the Epie creek traversing the Yenagoa metropolis were higher than those from the upstream sections. These higher levels were attributed to human activities in the creek. The potential risk associated with the generally low DO levels and the high nutrients have been highlighted. @ JASE

Intermolecular interaction studies of binary mixtures of a ketoester and carbonyl compounds. I: Excess volumes of binary mixtures of ethyl acetoacetate with aliphatic ketones at 298.15K

1242-1246Density data on binary mixtures of ethyl acetoacetate and aliphatic ketones containing four to six carbon atoms have been obtained with a single capillary pyknometer at 298.15K over the entire range of solvent composition. Excess volumes of the binary mixtures, calculated from the density data, for the binary mixtures of ethyl acetoacetate with the straight chain ketones, butan-2-one and pentan-3-one are negative over the entire range of solvent composition. The negative excess volumes are attributed to volume reductions arising from the fitting of the ketone molecules having smaller molecular volumes into the ethyl acetoacetate molecules with larger molecular volumes. The excess volumes of the branched aliphatic ketones, 3-methylbutan-2-one and 4-methylpentan-2-one are negative in some regions of solvent composition and positive in other regions of solvent composition. The negative excess volumes in the binary mixtures of ethyl acetoacetate and the branched ketones are attributed to strong dipole-dipole interactions between unlike molecules while the positive excess volumes are attributed to a mutual loosening of dipole-dipole interactions between like molecules