Role of Beta2 adrenergic receptor polymorphism (rs1042714) on body weight and glucose metabolism response to a meal-replacement hypocaloric diet

Producción CientíficaThe Beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is involved in energy balance regulation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of rs1042714 genetic variant of ADRB2 gene on weight loss, body composition and metabolic changes secondary to partial Meal replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet in women with obesity. G allele of rs rs1042714 predicts the magnitude of weight loss resulting from a pMR diet. These adiposity improvements produce a better improvement of insulin resistance and percentage of impaired glucose metabolism in G allele carriers

Role of the rs10401670 variant in the resistin gene on the metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a high‐fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern

Producción CientíficaBackground:The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs10401670) of theRETNgene has been associated with metabolic disorder in obese subjects andhas scarcely been evaluated after dietary interventions. The present studyaimed to analyse the effects of thers10401670 RETNgene polymorphismon metabolic changes secondary to weight loss and secondary to a high‐fathypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.Methods:A Caucasian population comprising 284 obese patients withoutdiabetes mellitus was analysed. Before and after 3 months of a high‐fathypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern, an anthropometric evaluation,an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were per-formed. A statistical analysis was conducted for the combinedCTandTTas agroup and for wild‐typeCCas a second group.Results:Decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic bloodpressure and waist circumference were similar in both genotypes groups. InTallele carriers, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA‐IR), triglycerides and C‐reactive protein levels were decreased.The decrease in these parameters was statistically significant for triglycerides(−22.3 ± 9.3 mg dl–1:p= 0.03), C‐reactive protein (−2.8 ± 0.5 mg dl–1:p= 0.03), insulin (−7.4 ± 2.9 mUI L–1:p= 0.03) and HOMA‐IR (−2.4 ± 1.0:p= 0.02). Leptin levels were decreased in both genotypes groups after thehypocaloric diet, as well as the anthropometric parameters BMI, weight, waistcircumference and fat mass. Resistin and adiponectin levels remained un-changed in both groups.Conclusions:In the present study, we have detected a significant associationbetween theTallele of this SNP and a better response of insulin resistance,triglycerides and C‐reactive protein compared to nonTallele carriers afterweight loss with a high‐fat hypocaloric diet and a Mediterranean diet

Adiponectin gene variant rs3774261, effects on lipid profile and adiponectin levels after a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern

Producción CientíficaThe role of ADIPOQ gene variants on metabolic improvements after weight change secondary to different hypocaloric diets remained unclear. We evaluate the effect of rs3774261 of ADIPOQ gene polymorphism on biochemical improvements and weight change after high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern for 12 weeks. A population of 361 obese subjects was enrolled in an intervention trial with a calorie restriction of 500 calories over the usual intake and 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of fats, and 19.9% of proteins. The percentages of different fats was; 21.8% of monounsaturated fats, 55.5% of saturated fats, and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fats. Before and after intervention, an anthropometric study, an evaluation of nutritional intake and a biochemical evaluation were realized. All patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet used. After 12 weeks with a similar improvement in weight loss (AA vs. AG vs. GG); total cholesterol (delta: −28.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −14.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL vs. −11.0 ± 3.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (delta: −17.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs. −6.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (delta: −35.0 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs. 10.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL vs. −9.7 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), C reactive protein (CRP) (delta: −2.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), serum adiponectin (delta: 11.6 ± 2.9 ng/dL vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 ng/dL vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 ng/dL; p = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 1.5 ± 0.1 ng/dL vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 ng/dL vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p = 0.03), improved only in AA group. AA genotype of ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) is related with a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and ratio adiponectin/leptin and decrease on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP)

Effect of hypocaloric diet with a commertial formula in weight loss and quality of life in obese patients with chronic osteoarthritis

Producción CientíficaIntroducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar en pacientes obesos con osteoartritis crónica el impacto sobre la calidad de vida y el control metabólico de una intervención dietética con una formula comercial hipocalórica. Material y métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 55 pacientes obesos con osteoartritis crónica. EL estudió consistió en un programa de 12 semanas de reducción de peso en el que los paciente recibían al día dos envases de Optisource Plus®. Resultados: Se dividieron a los pacientes en dos grupos, uno que perdió menos de un 9% (grupo 1) y el grupo 2 (más de 9% de pérdida de peso). Los pacientes en el grupo 2 mostraron una mejoria en la puntuacion total del test de calidad de vida SF-36 (4,0 ± 6,1 puntos), en el campo de la función física del SF 36 (1,8 ± 3,4 puntos), el en campo del componente físico del SF 36 (0,6 ± 1,6 puntos) y en el campo de la vitalidad del SF 36 (2,7 ± 4,6 puntos). También mejoraron de manera significativa, la puntuación total del test específico de calidad de vida para osteoartritis WOMAC (-8,2 ± 15,0 puntos), el dominio funcional del test WOMAC (- 6.5+/-10.6 puntos) y el dominio de la rigidez del test WOMAC (-0,7 ± 2,1 puntos). Conclusión: El efecto sobre la calidad de vida fue superior en el grupo con porcentaje de pérdida de peso > 9% con la formula hipocalórica comercial

Obesidad en España y Castilla y León: ¿qué nos dicen los estudios?

La obesidad, es la epidemia del siglo XXI, se define como un peso corporal desproporcionado para la altura con una acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo que se acompaña habitualmente de una inflamación sistémica crónica leve. Para clasificar a los pacientes con obesidad se utiliza el índice de Quetelet o índice de masa corporal, que se obtiene dividiendo el peso del individuo en Kg entre la talla al cuadrado en metros (kg/m2). Un índice de masa corporal por encima de 30 kg/m2 se considera como obesidad. La obesidad está asociada con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares, algunos tipos de cáncer y otras condiciones patológicas crónicas. La circunferencia de la cintura también es un marcador de riesgo, en obesidad. En el estudio ENPE, se demostró una prevalencia en la población española de sobrepeso de 39,3% y de obesidad de 21,6%. La prevalencia de sobrepeso en mujeres fue de 32,1% y de obesidad de 22,8%, en varones, por otra parte, la obesidad represento un 20,5% y el sobrepeso un 46,5 %. Recientemente, en Castilla y León, la Consejería de Sanidad ha publicado los resultados de un estudio de cohortes “Estudio de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Castilla y León; la evolución de los Factores de Riesgo cardiovascular 2004-2014”. La prevalencia de obesidad (IMC ≥30) en 2004 era en nuestra Comunidad Autónoma de 22,9%. En la reevaluación de la misma cohorte de pacientes, diez años más tarde, esa proporción ha aumentado hasta el 27,6%, casi 5 puntos porcentuales. Con respecto al total de la muestra de 2014, el 31,1% tenían normopeso, el 41,3% tenían sobrepeso y el 26,1% tenían un IMC entre 30 y 40 (obesidad) y un 1,6% presentaban un IMC>40.En conclusión, la obesidad se ha convertido en una pandemia a nivel mundial, situándose España en una zona intermedia de prevalencia, así como Castilla y León. EL índice de masa corporal, así como la circunferencia de la cintura son las herramientas más utilizadas a la hora de realizar los estudios de prevalencia de obesidad.Obesity, the epidemic of the 21st century (1), is defined as a disproportionate body weight for height with an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that is usually accompanied by a mild chronic systemic inflammation. To classify patients with obesity, the Quetelet index or body mass index is used, which is obtained by dividing the weight of the individual in Kg by the square height in meters (kg/m2). A body mass index above 30 kg/m2 is considered as obesity. Obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer and other chronic pathological conditions. Waist circumference is a risk factor in obesity, too. In the ENPE study, a prevalence in the Spanish population of overweight of 39.3% and of obesity of 21.6% was demonstrated. The prevalence of overweight in women was 32.1% and obesity 22.8%, in men; on the other hand, obesity represented 20.5% and overweight 46.5%. Recently, Castilla y León Health System has published the results of a study of cohorts “Cardiovascular Risk Study in Castilla y León; the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors 2004-2014 “. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) in 2004 was 22.9% in our Autonomous Community. In the re-evaluation of the same cohort of patients, ten years later, that proportion has increased to 27.6%, almost 5 percentage points. With respect to the total sample of 2014, 31.1% had normal weight, 41.3% were overweight and 26.1% had a BMI between 30 and 40 (obesity) and a 1, 6% had a BMI> 40 In conclusion, obesity has become a pandemic worldwide, placing Spain in an intermediate zone of prevalence as well as Castilla y León. The body mass index, as well as the circumference of the waist are the most used tools when carrying out obesity prevalence studie

Influence of obesity on bone turnover markers and fracture risk in postmenopausal women

Producción CientíficaBackground and aims: The relationship between obesity and bone metabolism is controversial. In recent decades, the protective role of obesity in the development of osteoporosis is questioned. The aims of this study are the following: to evaluate the differences in bone turnover markers between postmenopausal women with and without obesity and to compare the risk of fracture at five years between these groups. Methods: An observational longitudinal prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women with obesity (O) (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) and non-obesity (NoO) (BMI < 30 kg/m2) is designed. 250 postmenopausal women are included in the study (NoO: 124 (49.6%) and O: 126 (50.4%)). It measures epidemiological variables, dietary variables (calcium intake, vitamin D intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), biochemicals (β-crosslap, type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), 25OH-vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)), anthropometric variables, and fracture data five years after the start of the study. The mean age is 56.17 (3.91) years. Women with obesity showed lower levels of vitamin D (O: 17.27 (7.85) ng/mL, NoO: 24.51 (9.60) ng/mL; p < 0.01), and higher levels of PTH (O: 53.24 (38.44–65.96) pg/mL, NoO: 35.24 (25.36–42.40) pg/mL; p < 0.01). Regarding the bone formation marker (P1NP), it was found to be high in women without obesity, O: 45.46 (34.39–55.16) ng/mL, NoO: 56.74 (45.34–70.74) ng/mL; p < 0.01; the bone resorption marker (β-crosslap) was found to be high in women with obesity, being significant in those older than 59 years (O: 0.39 (0.14) ng/mL, NoO 0.24 (0.09) ng/mL; p < 0.05). No differences are observed in the risk of fracture at 5 years based on BMI (OR = 0.90 (95%CI 0.30–2.72); p = 0.85). Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with obesity showed lower levels of bone formation markers; older women with obesity showed higher markers of bone resorption

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

Producción CientíficaBackground and aims: Meal replacement diets consist of replacing one or more meals with an artificial nutritional supplement. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of one against two meal replacement strategies on body composition and cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with obesity. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was designed with a modified hypocaloric diet with an artificial nutritional preparation replacing one or two meals for three months in patients with obesity and osteoarthritis pending orthopedic surgery. An anthropometric evaluation and a measurement of the body composition were done with bioelectrical impedance measurement at the beginning and at three months. Results: A total of 112 patients were recruited. Fifty-two patients (46.4%) were randomized to one replacement and 60 patients (53.6%) to two meal replacements. Eighty-one patients (72.3%) were women, and the average age was 61 (11.03) years. The percentage of weight loss at three months was 8.27 (4.79)% (one meal replacement: 7.98 (5.97)%; two meal replacements: 8.50 (3.48)%; p = 0.56). A decrease in fat mass measured by the fat mass index (FMI) was detected (one meal replacement: −2.15 (1.45) kg/m2 vs. two meal replacements: −2.78 (2.55) kg/m2; p > 0.05), and a relative increase in fat-free mass was observed (one meal replacement: +3.57 (4.61)% vs. two meal replacements: +2.14 (4.45)%; p > 0.05). A decrease in HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol was observed in both groups without differences between them. Conclusions: The substitution strategies of one or two meal replacements were effective in weight loss and fat mass decrease without differences between the two groups. An improvement in lipid parameters, glycemic control, and systolic blood pressure was observed without differences between strategies

Relation of resistin levels with cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammation in naı¨ve diabetes obese patients

Producción CientíficaBackground: The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship of resistin levels with cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammation in naı¨ve diabetic patients. Subjects: A population of 66 naı¨ve diabetic patients with obesity was analyzed. A complete nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. Results: The mean age 56.9 11.6 years and the mean BMI was 37.8 6.3. Patients were divided in two groups by median resistin value (3.3 ng/ml), group I (patients with the low values, average value 2.5 0.5) and group II (patients with the high values, average value 4.8 1.8). Patients in the group I had lower waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol and C-reactive protein than patients in group II. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation among resistin levels and the independent variables; BMI (r = 0.26; p < 0.05), waist circumference (r = 0.38; p < 0.05), fat mass (r = 0.28; p < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.3; p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (r = 0.28; p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, resistin concentration increase 0.024 ng/ml (CI 95%: 0.006–0.42) for each mg/dl of C-reactive protein. Conclusion: Circulating resistins are associated with C-reactive protein in an independent way in naı¨ve diabetic patients

Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus infection using an enterotropic peptide-based formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids: a randomized prospective trial

Producción CientíficaDietary counseling and intervention based on application of conventional criteria have been ineffectivein preventing the progressive weight loss associated with HIV infection. The aim of the study was to compare theprogression of clinical and nutritional indicators during nutritional supplementation with or without anenterotropic peptide-based formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids

Real World Practice Study of the Effect of a Specific Oral Nutritional Supplement for Diabetes Mellitus on the Morphofunctional Assessment and Protein Energy Requirements

Introduction: The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with diabetes mellitus is high. In these patients, monitoring nutritional intervention is complex. Aims: To evaluate the evolution in the nutritional status in patients with diabetes/prediabetes and malnutrition with a diabetes-specific enteral formula. Methods: Real-life study of one arm in 60 patients with diabetes and prediabetes, performing a dietary adaptation with diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplementation. A morphofunctional assessment was performed, consisting of intake assessment, anthropometry, body composition (bioimpedance and muscle ultrasound), handgrip strength and biochemical markers. The diagnosis of malnutrition was made using the criteria of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The variables were measured at baseline and 3 months after starting the intervention. Results: The mean age was 67.13 (14.9) years. In total, 30 (50%) of the patients were women. Of the total, 60% of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 40% of the patients had prediabetes. The initial body mass index was 24.65 (5.35) kg/m2. It was observed that 80% of the patients had malnutrition, whereas after the intervention, the prevalence was 51.7% (p &lt; 0.01). At the beginning of the study, 20% of the patients suffered from sarcopenia and after the intervention it was 16.7% (p = 0.19). Conclusions: Medical Nutrition Therapy with an adapted oral diet associated with diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplementation reduces malnutrition in patients at nutritional risk and disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism