Depression among adolescents : Clinical features and interventions

Depression often first develops during adolescence, with its rate sharply increasing after puberty and often running a chronic, recurring course thereafter. The development of depression is associated with difficulties in the lives of adolescents and their families, reduced academic achievement, suicide, and increased socio-economic disadvantage in adulthood. Earlier and more effective interventions for depression in adolescents are required. This review describes the updated etiology and clinical features of adolescent depression, and focuses on appropriate therapeutic strategies to adopt in clinical practice

Physical activity and obesity among Year 7 children in Kent, U.K: Gender, social background, reasons for being active and implications for school health promotion

Aims This study explored to what extent level of physical activity (PA) and obesity are associated with gender and socio-economic status (SES) among Year 7 children. Furthermore, we wanted to gain insight into the most common reasons for being physically active in these children. Methods 678 children were recruited from five secondary schools in Kent, U.K (Boys=397, Girls=281). The mean age was 11.34. To gather information on pattern and psychosocial variables of PA, children were asked to fill in the questionnaire which was adapted from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. Anthropometric measures of children’s weight, height and skinfold thickness were obtained. Considering PA pattern, adiposity level and psychosocial variables, differences and correlations were explored in Gender and SES groups. Results This study confirmed the difference in both levels and types of PA between boys and girls. There were no significant differences in PA patterns among SES groups, apart from the membership of sports club. Significant correlation was found between PA and encouragement from both parents and friends. The difference in gender groups in importance for the following was found; building up strength, taking part in competitions and win, improving my physical skills and pleasing their family, while in SES groups; taking part in competition and win and pleasing my family. Correlations between PA and the following were found to be significant; becoming healthy, building up strength, enjoying myself and have fun, being part of a team, making new friends. Conclusions Gender has strong associations with PA patterns; levels and types of PA, as well as importance of reasons for PA. This gender difference should be considered in the school settings. Encouragement from parents and friends is also a good facilitator. Especially, friends are important. Becoming healthy, enjoying themselves and having fun and improving physical skills were found to be important for children. These aspects should be generated when it comes to promotion of PA among school children

Developing a Coeducation “Contemporary Rhythm Dance” Class Based on Continuous Exchange of Ideas between the Teacher and the Teacher Educator. -A Case Study at a Junior High School Attached to O University School of Education-

　This study is a case study of efforts to develop a coeducation “contemporary rhythm dance” class at the junior high school attached to O University School of Education through continuous feedback between the teacher and the teacher educator. Body stiffness and self consciousness at being seen or looked at by others emerged as students’ major problems from the physical and emotional perspectives, respectively. As a result of trying multiple suggestions from students to improve the above issues from the three aspects of time, space, and movement, and based on an analysis of learner questionnaire data and teacher records, it appears that the students started to enjoy learning contemporary rhythm dance

Acceptability in subjects undergoing EGD

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has become an indispensable examination to discover upper gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer, and perform endoscopic treatment. However, many individuals who undergo the procedure have feelings of anxiety and fear regarding EGD. Although the use of medication for sedation during EGD is useful for reducing anxiety and the stability of hemodynamics, sedation may increase the likelihood of complications. Several noninvasive distractions have been introduced to decrease pain and anxiety during endoscopic examinations ; however, most assessments of these distractions evaluated subjective items such as impression. We herein add the results of our studies using objective items and review the effectiveness of distractions for EGD

社会的排斥からの回復に関する研究 : 注意の向きと感情調整に着目した検討

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Depression among adolescents and young adults

Depression is commonly known as frequent occurred status. Depressive disorder also has a rapid increase in prevalence after puberty, and has become a major problem for the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Depression in adolescents and young adults varies from those that require treatment for mood disorders, especially major depressive disorders, to those that are responses to worries or stress and are the effects of lifestyle. Therefore, for interventions it is required a multifaceted approach based on careful evaluation. It is necessary to further study the early intervention centered on depression in the future