Inflammation as "common soil" of the multifactorial diseases

Inflammation is classically recognized as an essential step for the control of microbial invasion or tissue injury as well as for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under a variety of noxious conditions. One of the most intriguing aspect of studying inflammation is the plurality of the inflammatory mediators that are continuously discovered (microRNAs, adipokines, inflammasomes and the danger signals, etc.) and their effects on target tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that inflammatory response represents the "common soil" of the multifactorial diseases, encompassing both chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorders and a wide variety of conditions including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, cancer, asthma, and ageing. While the inflammatory response observed in the rheumatic disorders seems to be triggered by infection and injury, i.e. the main inducers of inflammation, in the other conditions mentioned it appears to be supported by tissue malfunction or homeostatic imbalance. In the present review, we discuss the data emerged from research on inflammatory mediators sustaining multifactorial diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Ochrona Zabytków na Pomorzu i Kujawach w 100. rocznicę organizacji urzędów konserwatorskich w Polsce, 189 s.

Publikacja pokonferencyjna (konferencja naukowa pt. Ochrona Zabytków na Pomorzu i Kujawach. W 100. rocznicę organizacji urzędów konserwatorskich w Polsce, Toruń 2018), składająca się z sześciu związanych ze sobą rozdziałów. Rozdział 1: aut. Janusz Krawczyk. W tekście dokonana zostaje ocena najważniejszych etapów rozwoju myśli konserwatorskiej, poszerzona o refleksję nad przekształceniem znaczenia terminów „zabytek” i „pomnik” oraz ich wpływem na rozwój i kształtowanie specyfiki polskiej myśli konserwatorskiej. Rozdział 2: aut. Izabella Brzostowska. Autorka omówiła proces kształtowania się służb konserwatorskich w Prusach (nacisk położony na Prusy Zachodnie), oceniając przy tym praktyczne możliwości i kompetencje konserwatorów 2. poł. XIX i początków XX wieku. Rozdział 3: aut. Karolina Zimna-Kawecka. Tekst dotyczy skomplikowanej sytuacji kształtujących się w okresie międzywojennym na obszarze byłej dzielnicy pruskiej służb państwowych i prezentuje najważniejsze kierunki ówczesnej działalności praktycznej. Rozdział 4: aut. Joanna Kucharzewska. Autorka dokonała charakterystyki działań budowlano-konserwatorskich toruńskich kamienic mieszczańskich na tle obowiązujących aktów prawnych, naświetlając stopień egzekwowania obowiązujących zarządzeń i wskazując na główne zasady, jakimi kierowano się w celu zachowania lub ekspozycji najwartościowszych elementów zabudowy. Rozdział 5: aut. Adam Kaźmierczak. Tekst koncentruje się na analizie metody konserwatorskiej Pracowni Witrażowniczej Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Edwarda Kwiatkowskiego, który swoją praktykę zaczynał jeszcze przed wojną w słynnej artystyczno-konserwatorskiej pracowni Henryka Nostitz-Jackowskiego. Rozdział 6: aut. Katarzyna Bartosiewicz. Autorka charakteryzuje działania konserwatorsko-restauratorskie dzieł sztuki na terenie działalności słupskiej delegatury Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Gdańsku prowadzone od 2. poł. XIX w. na tle rozwoju teorii konserwatorskiej, uwzględniając aspekt społeczno-polityczny. Publikację kończą biogramy prowincjonalnych i wojewódzkich konserwatorów zabytków działających do 1939 roku na Pomorzu i Kujawach oraz w Wielkopolsce (oprac. Izabella Brzostowska i Karolina Zimna-Kawecka)

Flare, persistently active disease, and serologically active clinically quiescent disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a 2-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: Several indices have been proposed to assess disease activity in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Recent studies have showed a prevalence of flare between 28-35.3%, persistently active disease (PAD) between 46%-52% and serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) disease ranging from 6 to 15%. Our goal was to evaluate the flare, PAD and SACQ rate incidence in a cohort of SLE patients over a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: We evaluated 394 SLE patients. Flare was defined as an increase in SLEDAI-2K score of ≥4 from the previous visit; PAD was defined as a SLEDAI-2K score of ≥4, on >2 consecutive visits; SACQ was defined as at least a 2-year period without clinical activity and with persistent serologic activity. RESULTS: Among the 95 patients eligible for the analysis in 2009, 7 (7.3%) had ≥1 flare episode, whereas 9 (9.4%) had PAD. Similarly, among the 118 patients selected for the analysis in 2010, 6 (5%) had ≥1 flare episode, whereas 16 (13.5%) had PAD. Only 1/45 patient (2.2%) showed SACQ during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: We showed a low incidence of flare, PAD and SACQ in Italian SLE patients compared with previous studies which could be partly explained by ethnic differences

Flare, Persistently Active Disease, and Serologically Active Clinically Quiescent Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study

Objective: Several indices have been proposed to assess disease activity in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Recent studies have showed a prevalence of flare between 28-35.3%, persistently active disease (PAD) between 46%-52% and serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) disease ranging from 6 to 15%. Our goal was to evaluate the flare, PAD and SACQ rate incidence in a cohort of SLE patients over a 2-year follow-up. Methods: We evaluated 394 SLE patients. Flare was defined as an increase in SLEDAI-2K score of >= 4 from the previous visit; PAD was defined as a SLEDAI-2K score of >= 4, on >2 consecutive visits; SACQ was defined as at least a 2-year period without clinical activity and with persistent serologic activity. Results: Among the 95 patients eligible for the analysis in 2009, 7 (7.3%) had >= 1 flare episode, whereas 9 (9.4%) had PAD. Similarly, among the 118 patients selected for the analysis in 2010, 6 (5%) had >= 1 flare episode, whereas 16 (13.5%) had PAD. Only 1/45 patient (2.2%) showed SACQ during the follow-up. Conclusion: We showed a low incidence of flare, PAD and SACQ in Italian SLE patients compared with previous studies which could be partly explained by ethnic differences

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the tongue biofilm is associated with the clinical outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients

OBJECTIVE: Several evidences suggested a link between human microbiome and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) development. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) seems involved in RA initiation and progression, as supported by the high occurrence of periodontitis. In this case-control study, we analyzed tongue P. gingivalis presence and quantification in a large healthy and RA cohort. METHODS: We enrolled 143 RA patients (Male/Female 32/111, mean±SD age 57.5±19.8 years, mean±SD disease duration 155.9± 114.7 months); 36 periodontitis patients (M/F 11/25, mean±SD age56±9.9 years, mean±SD disease duration 25.5±20.9 months); 57 patients (M/F 12/45, mean ±SD age 61.4±10.9 years, mean ±SD disease duration 62.3±66.9 months) with knee osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia. All subjects underwent a standard cytologic swab to identify the rate of P. gingivalis/total bacteria by using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence of P. gingivalis resulted similar in RA and periodontitis patients (48.9% versus 52.7%, P=NS). Moreover, the prevalence of this pathogen was significantly higher in RA and PD patients in comparison with CS (P=0.01 and P=0.003, respectively). We found a significant correlation between P. gingivalis rate in total bacteria genomes and DAS28(ESR) (r=0.4, P=0.01). RA patients in remission showed a significantly lower prevalence of P. gingivalis in comparison with non-remission (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a significant association between the percentage of P. gingivalis on the total tongue biofilm and RA disease activity (DAS28), suggesting that the oral cavity microbiological status could play a role in the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation, leading to a more active disease

Demographic characteristics of SLE patients with flare and the organ/systems involved at the time of flare.

<p>SD: Standard Deviation; NP: NeuroPsychiatric; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.</p>*<p>As stated in 1997 ACR Classification criteria for SLE.</p>**<p>Prednisone equivalents.</p

Clinical, serological and therapeutical features of SLE patients.

<p>SD: Standard Deviation; NP: NeuroPsychiatric; ANA: Anti-Nuclear Antibody; anti-dsDNA: anti-double strand DNA; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.</p>*<p>As stated in 1997 ACR Classification criteria for SLE.</p

Demographic characteristics of SLE patients (N = 16) with PAD and organ/system involving during PAD.

<p>SD: Standard Deviation; NP: NeuroPsychiatric; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; ECLAM: European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.</p>*<p>As stated in 1997 ACR Classification criteria for SLE.</p>**<p>Prednisone equivalents.</p