Determinação de isotiocianato de benzila em Carica papaya utilizando cromatografia gasosa com detectores seletivos

In the present work, a method was developed and validated for the quantification of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the fruits of Carica papaya. The quantification of this compound was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) with selective detectors - nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) and flame photometric detector (FPD). The performance of these detectors showed a higher sensitivity of the NPD with a broader linear range of detection. The LOD/LOQ were 0.038/0.100 µg/mL for NPD and 5.78/19.29 µg/mL for FPD. The recovery of the method for BITC was 90,64%. An average value of BITC concentration in all the analyzed samples was 16,23 µg BITC/g

Utilização de adubos químicos e adubos orgânicos

Adubos são fornecedores de nutrientes para as plantas e podem ser classificados em inorgânicos (químicos) e orgânicos, conforme sua composição. O adubo químico é também conhecido como fertilizante químico, é produzido através da extração de minerais, consistindo em uma mistura de sais dos principais nutrientes necessários às plantas. Adubos orgânicos são produtos de animais e vegetais em decomposição, resultante da degradação química, biológica e da atividade de microrganismos. O objetivo desse estudo foi esclarecer os agricultores e produtores, quanto ao uso de dejetos químicos e orgânicos, para a produção de culturas, apresentando e discutindo resultados comparativos quanto ao uso desses. Mais pesquisas são necessárias fazendo comparação de uso de adubos químicos e orgânicos para diversas culturas e espécies de plantas, a fim de que os agricultores possam tomar a melhor decisão

MICROEXTRAÇÃO EM FASE SÓLIDA: FUNDAMENTOS E APLICAÇÕES EM ANÁLISE DE ALIMENTOS

No presente trabalho são apresentados os principais aspectos teóricos, funcionais e analíticos, da Microextração em Fase Sólida (MEFS), dedicando-se um tópico especial para sua aplicação em análise de alimentos. São descritas as principais características da instrumentação, das etapas de extração e das formas operacionais. Mostra-se o desenvolvimento de método de análise por MEFS aliado à cromatografia a gás (CG) e algumas aplicações em análise de alimentos, sendo discutidas as principais vantagens oferecidas pela técnica. Concluiu-se que a MEFS permite a extração, sem o uso de solventes, e a determinação de uma série de substâncias de matrizes sólidas, líquidas ou gasosas de modo prático e eficiente. O uso crescente de MEFS-CG na detecção de fraudes, adulterações e contaminações de alimentos interessa aos órgãos fiscais responsáveis pela saúde pública. SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IN FOOD ANALYSIS Abstract In this work, the most important aspects, analytical, theoretical and functional, of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) are presented, with a special emphasis in food analysis applications. The main features instrumentation of extraction stages and of operational procedures are described. Furthermore, development of the analytical method employing SPME with gas chromatography (GC) and some applications to food analysis and the advantages offered by this technique are discussed. SPME is seen to provide practical and efficient extraction without solvent as well as the determination of many compounds contained in solid, liquid or gas matrices. The use of SPME-GC methods for detection of fraud, adulteration and contamination of food has been increased, and is of interest to the official public health institutions

Importância do rastreio e detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero: uma revisão

Cervical cancer is a pathology that progresses slowly in most cases and, among the types of cancer, has the greatest potential for cure and prevention. This malignancy is generally associated with low socioeconomic levels and greater social vulnerability. The aim of this article is to elucidate the importance of screening and early detection through preventive examinations, most of which are carried out in Primary Health Care. The work was developed through an integrative literature review, and aims to address the importance of screening and early detection of cervical cancer. The articles selected for the study were taken from the SciELO, PubMed and VHL databases.  The search for related works was carried out using descriptors such as "Preventive", "Screening", "Prevention". The relevance of cervical cancer screening was noted, given its potential to reduce the pathology by 70% and its ability to detect it even in the early stages and reduce mortality by 80%. It is also necessary to emphasize the importance of clarifying the exam in order to improve adherence to it. It is a simple, non-invasive test that is provided at primary health care levels, making it easy to access for collection and prevention. In addition, the HPV vaccine is an essential part of the prevention of cervical cancer.O câncer de colo de útero é uma patologia que progride, na maioria dos casos, de forma lenta e, dentre os tipos de câncer, possui o maior potencial de cura e prevenção. Geralmente, tal malignidade está associada a baixos níveis socioeconômicos e maior vulnerabilidade social. Este artigo tem por objetivo elucidar a importância do rastreio e detecção precoce do exame preventivo que é, em sua grande maioria, realizado na Atenção Primária à Saúde. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, e tem como objetivo abordar a importância do rastreio e detecção precoce do exame preventivo do CA de colo de útero. Os artigos selecionados para compor o estudo foram retirados das bases de dado SciELO, PubMed e BVS.  A busca por trabalhos relacionados foi realizada através da aplicação de descritores, como “Preventivo”, “Rastreio”, “Prevenção”. Percebeu-se a relevância do rastreio do CA de colo de útero, tendo em vista seu potencial de redução da patologia em 70% e capacidade de detecção mesmo em estágios iniciais e redução de 80% da mortalidade. É necessário ressaltar, também, importância do esclarecimento acerca do exame para uma melhor adesão ao exame. Trata-se de um exame simples, pouco invasivo e fornecido a níveis primários da saúde, evidenciando seu fácil acesso para a coleta e prevenção. Além disso, nota-se que a vacina contra o HPV compõe uma vertente imprescindível na prevenção do CA de colo de útero

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages