Intestinal intussusceptions in children population

Intussusception is an invagination of a proximal segment of the bowel into an immediately adjacent, distal portion of the bowel. Ileocolic intussusception is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in children. The peak incidence occurs in infants between five and seven months of age. The etiology of intussusception in children is typically idiopathic, approximately 5-10% of patients have a pathological lead point. Postoperative intussusception is one of the rare causes of intussusception. Children with ileocolic intussusception often present abdominal pain, palpable mass, rectal bleeding, fussiness, and emesis. The most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of intussusception is ultrasound. The treatment of ileocolic and ileoileal intussusceptions is different, the first type requires invasive treatment

A comparison of pathological findings in head computed to-mography with clinical presentation of pediatric patients in the Emergency Department

Pediatric trauma is a cause for over 750.000 visits to emergency departments each year. Of all types of traumas, head injuries represent the group at most risk. Computed tomography (CT) is still the most frequently used advanced imaging method to distinguish cases of severe injuries out of thousands of mild or apparently trivial injuries. The aim of this study was to review the results of CT in terms of clinical prediagnosis and radiological findings in children categorized into four age groups, who underwent a CT scan in the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Among all CT studies, no findings were found in 552 (80.23%) patients, whereas CT findings were detected in 98 (14.2%) boys and 38 (5.5%) girls from all participants. The incidence of lesions in the male group is 2 times higher than in the female group. The most common abnormality was hematoma representing 26.47% of all confirmed lesions and 5.23% among all head CTs performed from the ED. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the evaluation of some head emergencies. However, in the majority of cases, the clinical presentation with which children present to the ED does not correlate with the severity of neuroimaging results

Polysplenia and other anatomical variants of the spleen

The anatomy, physiology and embryology of the spleen are essential fields of study for the determination of congenital varieties as well as the pathological processes occurring in this organ.The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the proper development of the spleen and to present structural variants that may be of clinical significance or be important from the radiologist's point of view.Structural changes of the spleen may result in non-specific clinical symptoms, which may confuse an inexperienced physician. Inaccurate diagnosis and late diagnosis have various negative, often even fatal, consequences. In order to make an appropriate diagnosis, and thus help the patient in a timely manner, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge about the variants of the structure of the spleen. Knowledge of anatomical variations is essential for the development of a differential diagnosis, which enables the correct diagnosis to be made

Ketoacidosis and otitis media as a potencial cause of cerebral venous thrombosis in a 7-year-old boy

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in childhood is a rare disorder, occurring most often in the neonatal period, with mortality approaching 10%. This condition has multifactorial etiology including common childhood illnesses such as fever, infection, dehydration, and anemia, as well as acute and chronic medical conditions such as congenital heart disease, nephrotic syndrome,  and malignancy. Thrombosis can also develop and propagate in response to local venous stasis. A large number of children have coincident local head or neck pathology, including head trauma, brain tumors, or recent intracranial surgery. Clinical symptoms are frequently nonspecific and include seizures, depressed level of consciousness, coma, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, headache, visual impairment, papilledema, and hemiparesis, which may often obscure the diagnosis and delay treatment. In the case of patients with neurological symptoms, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT)  and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are invaluable in diagnostics of various pathologies of the nervous system, because of their non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and specificity. Early diagnosis with management along with a plan for secondary prevention can save from catastrophic consequences

Wokół stroju jako symbolu kulturowego: Wprowadzenie

Zacznijmy od podstawowych ustaleń i rozróżnień definicyjnych. Chociaż bowiem w języku potocznym pojęcia takie jak ubiór (ubranie), strój i kostium często bywają stosowane synonimicznie, to w literaturze przedmiotu (w tym przypadku wielodyscyplinarnej) na ogół odróżnia się je od siebie, najczęściej zwracając uwagę, że podstawową funkcją ubioru jest ochrona (osłona) ludzkiego ciała, zaś w przypadku stroju eksponuje się jego nacechowanie symbolicznie (Żygulski, 1994). Z kolei kostium na ogół łączy się z „przebieraniem za” (Ogonowska, 2012). Przy tym badacze – idąc śladami Rolanda Barthes’a (jako autora Systemu mody) często pozbawiają ubiór funkcji komunikacyjnej, którą przypisują kostiumowi, a także strojowi

Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a patient with COPD and bronchiectasis, with radiological signs of lung tumor

Mycobacterial lung disease is caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria. NTM arewidely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil and water; they may colonize the airways, gastrointestinal tract andgenitourinary system, without the apparent signs of disease. Nevertheless, in some risk groups such as patients with chronic lungdiseases or with immunodeficiency, mycobacterial lung disease is identified. Recently, increased recognition of mycobacteriallung disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients has been observed, especially in those treated with highdoses of inhaled corticosteroids.In the present paper, we describe the patient treated for many years due to COPD and bronchiectasis, with clinical and radiologicalpicture suggestive of lung tumor, in whom final diagnosis of mycobacterial lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium wasmade

A comparison of pathological findings in head computed to-mography with clinical presentation of pediatric patients in the Emergency Department

Pediatric trauma is a cause for over 750.000 visits to emergency departments each year. Of all types of traumas, head injuries represent the group at most risk. Computed tomography (CT) is still the most frequently used advanced imaging method to distinguish cases of severe injuries out of thousands of mild or apparently trivial injuries. The aim of this study was to review the results of CT in terms of clinical prediagnosis and radiological findings in children categorized into four age groups, who underwent a CT scan in the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Among all CT studies, no findings were found in 552 (80.23%) patients, whereas CT findings were detected in 98 (14.2%) boys and 38 (5.5%) girls from all participants. The incidence of lesions in the male group is 2 times higher than in the female group. The most common abnormality was hematoma representing 26.47% of all confirmed lesions and 5.23% among all head CTs performed from the ED. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the evaluation of some head emergencies. However, in the majority of cases, the clinical presentation with which children present to the ED does not correlate with the severity of neuroimaging results

Coexistence of myeloma plasmocyticum and chronic myeloproliferative disease - report of two cases

Jednoczesne występowanie dwóch nowotworów wywodzących się z układu chłonnego i krwiotwórczego jest rzadko opisywane. Przedstawiono przypadki dwóch pacjentek, u których w chwili rozpoznania szpiczaka plazmocytowego obecne były również cechy przewlekłej choroby mieloproliferacyjnej w obrazie cytologicznym krwi obwodowej i szpiku kostnego. Objawy te rozpoznano początkowo jako odczyn białaczkowy w przebiegu zasadniczej choroby nowotworowej i rozpoczęto chemioterapię specyficzną dla szpiczaka. Po leczeniu uzyskano częściową remisję szpiczaka, ale obserwowano stopniową progresję choroby mieloproliferacyjnej. Przeprowadzona ponowna diagnostyka doprowadziła do rozpoznania u jednej chorej współistnienia szpiczaka plazmocytowego i przewlekłej niesklasyfikowanej choroby mieloproliferacyjnej oraz szpiczaka i przewlekłej białaczki szpikowej u drugiej pacjentki. Opisane przypadki ilustrują trudności diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne w przypadku bardzo rzadkiego współistnienia przewlekłych chorób limfo- i mieloproliferacyjnych.Coexistence of two neoplastic disorders derived from lymphoid and hematopoietic lineage is rarely described. We present two patients with initial presentation of myeloma plasmocyticum and symptoms of chronic myeloid disease in peripheral blood and bone marrow cytology. At first, the myeloid abnormalities were diagnosed as reactive due to underlying malignancy and patients were initially treated with cytotoxic drugs specific for myeloma. After completion of therapy, partial remission of myeloma was achieved but simultaneous progression of myeloid abnormalities was observed. Additional diagnostic tests were performed which allowed to establish the final diagnosis of coexistence of myeloma plasmocyticum with unclassified chronic myeloproliferative disease in the first patient and myeloma plasmocyticum with chronic myeloid leukemia in the second one. These cases illustrate diagnostic and therapeutic quandaries in course of the very rare coexistence of chronic lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders

Reticulated platelet count used for differentiation of the type of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women

Background: Analysis of reticulated platelets (RP), the youngest form of platelets in peripheral blood, is useful for assessment of thrombopoietic response in thrombocytopenic conditions due to intense immunological platelet destruction. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the value of RP measurement for differentiation between pregnancyrelated thrombocytopenia (PT), immunological thrombocytopenia (IM ) and hereditary thrombocytopenia (HT) in pregnant women with platelet count below 100 G/L. Material: The study included 49 pregnant thrombocytopenia women (21 with PT, 22 with IM , 6 with HR) as well as 22 healthy pregnant women (Control). Methods: The percentage of RP in peripheral blood was measured using double staining with: PE-labeled anti CD41 (Dako) and thiazole orange (Beckton Dickinson). The measurements were performed several times during pregnancy (II and III trimester) and delivery. Anti-platelet antibodies were tested by immunofluorescence and immunoensimatic assays. HPA1a antigen was determined by PCR/ SSP. Results: The average platelet count in all groups of thrombocytopenia women was significantly lower than in control group. The mean RP percentage in the control group (5.31%) was within the range of the haematological normal value (0.5-6%), and for thrombocytopenia women it was: 9.19% for PT women, 14.75% for IM women and 14.94% for HT women and was significantly higher than that in the control group. In the group of IM pregnant women the RP percentage was significantly higher in the II trimester than in the PT women. Anti-platelet antibody and HPA1a antigen testing excluded alloimmunological/fetus/neonatal thrombocytopenia in the study material. Conclusion: RP analysis has been proved useful for preliminary differentiation of PT and IT in the II trimester of pregnancy. Higher RP percentage informs the physician of the likelihood of immunological thrombocytopenia in the pregnant woman as well as of the delivery of a thrombocytopenia child