Análise do impacto de um programa ambulatorial de reabilitação pulmonar de curta duração na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com DPOC

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Clínica Médica

Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics

Introduction: In order to assess the significance of drug levels measured in intensive care medicine, clinical and forensic toxicology, as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring, it is essential that a comprehensive collection of data is readily available. Therefore, it makes sense to offer a carefully referenced compilation of therapeutic and toxic plasma concentration ranges, as well as half-lives, of a large number of drugs and other xenobiotics for quick and comprehensive information. Methods: Data have been abstracted from original papers and text books, as well as from previous compilations, and have been completed with data collected in our own forensic and clinical toxicology laboratory. The data presented in the table and corresponding annotations have been developed over the past 20 years and longer. A previous compilation has been completely revised and updated. In addition, more than 170 substances, especially drugs that have been introduced to the market since 2003 as well as illegal drugs, which became known to cause intoxications, were added. All data were carefully referenced and more than 200 new references were included. Moreover, the annotations providing details were completely revised and more than 100 annotations were added. Results: For nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics, therapeutic ("normal") and, if data were available, toxic and comatose-fatal blood-plasma concentrations and elimination half-lives were compiled in a table. Conclusions: In case of intoxications, the concentration of the ingested substances and/or metabolites in blood plasma better predicts the clinical severity of the case when compared to the assumed amount and time of ingestion. Comparing and contrasting the clinical case against the data provided, including the half-life, may support the decision for or against further intensive care. In addition, the data provided are useful for the therapeutic monitoring of pharmacotherapies, to facilitate the diagnostic assessment and monitoring of acute and chronic intoxications, and to support forensic and clinical expert opinions

Efficacy of carprofen on conception rates in lactating dairy cows after subcutaneous or intrauterine administration at the time of breeding

Manipulation of the reproductive tract can cause inflammatory processes in the endometrium and release of cytokines and prostaglandins. It has been shown that PGF2α has direct negative effects on embryonic survival and development. Treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen lysinate, flunixin meglumine) might improve pregnancy rates after embryo transfer in recipient heifers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug on reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows when administered at the time of first-service artificial insemination (AI) based on the hypothesis that uterine manipulation during AI might be similarly intense compared with embryo transfer in its effect on prostaglandin release. A total of 970 cows (333 primiparous and 637 multiparous) from 17 Holstein dairy farms were enrolled. On the day of first AI, cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Cows of group 1 received 1.4 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of carprofen subcutaneously immediately after AI (SC group). In group 2, 1.4 mg/kg of BW of carprofen was administered into the uterus using a sterile disposable catheter 12 to 24 h after AI (IU group). Animals of group 3 remained as untreated controls. First AI conception rate was similar for the SC group (42.2%) compared with the untreated control group (45.1%). A binary logistic regression model for the odds of conception at first AI revealed a negative effect of an intrauterine administration of carprofen on conception rate (38.3%). Cows allocated to the IU group had a lower likelihood of being pregnant within 200 d in milk than cows in the control group. In summary, subcutaneous treatment with the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug carprofen at the time of AI did not influence conception rate, whereas an intrauterine administration of carprofen 12 to 24 h after first AI had a negative effect on first-service conception rate in lactating dairy cows

Solubilisierung und Charakterisierung der Sialat-4-O-azetyltransferase aus Golgi-Membranen der Leber des Meerschweinchens

Sialinsäuren sind in höheren Organismen ubiquitär vorkommende Kohlenhydrate, denen entscheidende Aufgaben in der Zellprotektion, Befruchtungsvorgängen, Zelldifferenzierung und -proliferation, Immunologie, Entzündungsprozessen und Tumorwachstum zugeschrieben werden. In dieser Hinsicht spielen natürlich auftretende Sialinsäuremodifikationen, die zu der großen Diversizität dieses sauren Zuckers führen, eine wesentliche Rolle, da sie bei einer feinen Abstimmung der sensibel regulierten biochemischen Prozesse ausschlaggebend beteiligt sind. Unter den über 40 vorkommenden natürlichen Sialinsäurederivaten nimmt die Sialat-O-azetylierung eine prominente Rolle ein, da sie im gesamten Tierreich und auch beim Menschen anzutreffen ist und nachgewiesenermaßen am Ablauf der oben beschriebenen Prozesse Anteil hat. Zwischen den Sialat-O-azetyltransferasen werden entsprechend der Regioselektivität zwei Arten von Enzymen unterschieden, die Sialat-4-O-azetyltransferase (4-OAT; EC 2.3.1.44) und die Sialat-7(9)-O-azetyltransferase (7(9)-OAT; EC 2.3.1.45). Es ist gelungen, die 4-OAT in Leber-Golgi-Membranen des Meerschweinchens als membrangebundenes Enzym zu lokalisieren und als solches zu charakterisieren. Das Enzym konnte außerdem durch das zwitterionischen Detergenz CHAPS von der Membran gelöst und im Solubilisat charakterisiert werden. Ein neuentwickelter Enzymtest macht es möglich, auch kleinste Mengen des Enzyms nachzuweisen und damit die Reinigung des Enzyms optimal zu verfolgen. Erste Reinigungsschritte wurden vielversprechend durchgeführt