Numerical Simulation of Sliding of an Earth Dam During the 1995 Kobe Earthquake

The Kobe Earthquake in Japan caused shallow sliding on the upstream slope below the water level of the Kitayama Dam. This paper briefly stated the results of post-earthquake surveys and tests of this earth dam. The FE model of the dam was prepared based on the detailed results of in-situ tests and laboratory material tests. The numerical analysis was performed by the effective stress analysis to simulate the performance of the dam during the Kobe Earthquake. The analysis resulted in that large residual deformation and shear strain occurred at the shallow area of the upstream slope below the water level. The analysis was able to simulate the behavior and damage pattern of the dam, that is sliding deformation, during the Kobe Earthquake

Behavior and Damage of Dams Under the 1993 Big Earthquakes in Japan

By analyses of the acceleration records at dams during the two big earthquakes which hit in Hokkaido of Japan in 1993, the maximum acceleration at damsite rock, the maximum acceleration amplification ratios at crest and the natural periods of dam bodies were evaluated and were compared the results with empirical equations. Damage to the dams was described, and the mechanism of the deformations was examined

Factor Analysis of Damage to Small Earth Dams Due to the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake

Damage to small earth dams due to the Hyogoken-Namby Earthquake of January 17, 1995 is discussed. Investigations of 266 dams were conducted in the area where the JMA seismic intensity was 5 or higher, and which were located within about 50 kilometers from the earthquake source fault. Small earth dams suffered various forms of damage such as longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, settlement and deformation of the dam body. The damage to small earth dams was classified into five grades from no damage to severe damage such as a complete failure. The damage grade was analyzed by several factors such as distance from the fault, topography and geology, intensity of quake motion, direction of dam axis against the fault, year of completion, and height of dam. The characteristics of factors affecting damage to small earth dams were evaluated

Usefulness of Higher Order of System-Size Correction for Diffusion Coefficients of Macromolecules: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Yeh and Hummer's simplified estimation method has often been adopted to obtain diffusion coefficients for solute molecules using molecular dynamic simulation. However, the simplified formula is not necessarily valid when a small basic cell is used. Therefore, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous protein solution to estimate the diffusion coefficient for the infinite dilution limit. We confirmed a deviation from the simplified formula in the simulation data and rationalized the discrepancy based on the unsimplified formula.Comment: 20pages, 5figure