Influence of Al and AlSi Layer to Fatiague Properties of Nickel Superalloy IN 713LC at the Temperature 800°C

Niklové superslitiny se převážně používají pro vysokoteplotní aplikace v energetickém a leteckém průmyslu. Jsou vystaveny extrémně agresivnímu prostředí za vysokých teplot za spolupůsobení únavových a creepových procesů, oxidace a eroze. Aplikací povrchových ochranných vrstev je možno dosáhnout prodloužení životnosti za současného součásti zvýšení výkonu. Předmětem této bakalářské práce je zkoumání únavových parametrů slitiny In713LC za teplot 800 °C a porovnání těchto parametrů u materiálů s ochrannou povrchovou vrstvou na bázi Al nebo Al-Si a materiálu bez této vrstvy.Nickel based superalloys are mainly used for high-temperature applications in energetic and aerospace industry. They are exposed to extremely aggressive environment at high temperature with interaction between fatigue and creep processes, oxidation and erosion. Application of protective surface coating is the right way how to increase the lifetime while increasing performance of machine. Theme of this bachelor’s thesis is to investigate the fatigue parameters of superalloy In713LC at 800 °C and the comparison of these parameters between materials with a protective coating based on Al or Al-Si and material without coating.

Influence of AlCr Layer to Fatiague Properties of Nickel Superalloy IN 713LC at the Temperature 800°C

Předmětem této diplomové práce bylo studium vlivu AlCr vrstvy na vlastnosti lité polykrystalické niklové superslitiny IN713LC při nízkocyklové únavě za teploty 800 °C. Ochranná vrstva byla připravena CVD metodou s následným tepelným zpracováním. Únavové zkoušky byly provedeny v režimu řízené deformace s konstantní amplitudou celkové deformace a rychlostí deformace. Únavové vlastnosti byly posuzovány na základě křivky cyklického zpevnění/změkčení, cyklické deformační křivky, Manson-Coffinovy a Basquinovy křivky únavové životnosti. Mikrostruktura byla pozorována v SM a SEM před zatěžováním a po cyklickém zatěžování.The present diploma thesis is focused on the effect of AlCr layer on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of cast polycrystalline superalloy IN713LC at 800°C. Protective layer is made by chemical vapour deposition followed by heat treatment. Fatigue tests were conducted in strain control mode with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate. The fatigue behaviour is assessed by cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain curves, Manson-Coffin curves and Basquin curves. Microstructure was observed in as-received state and also after cyclic loading by means of optical microscopy and SEM.

Creep–Fatigue Interaction of Inconel 718 Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting

Electron beam melting of Ni-base superalloy Inconel 718 allows producing a columnar-grained microstructure with a pronounced texture, which offers exceptional resistance against high-temperature loading with severe creep–fatigue interaction arising in components of aircraft jet engines. This study considers the deformation, damage, and lifetime behavior of electron-beammelted Inconel 718 under in-phase thermomechanical fatigue loading with varying amounts of creep–fatigue interaction. Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue tests with equal-ramp cycles, slow–fast cycles, and dwell time cycles are conducted in the temperature range from 300 to 650 °C. Results show that both dwell time and slow–fast cycles promote intergranular cracking, gradual tensile stress relaxation, as well as precipitate dissolution and coarsening giving rise to cyclic softening. The interplay of these mechanisms leads to increased lifetimes in both dwell time and slow–fast tests compared to equal ramp tests at higher strain amplitudes. Conversely, at lower mechanical strain amplitudes, the opposite is observed. A comparison with results of conventional Inconel 718 indicates that the electron-beam-melted material exhibits superior resistance against strain-controlled loading at elevated temperatures such as thermomechanical fatigue

Tensile properties of polypropylene additively manufactured by FDM

Polypropylene (PP) is an extensively studied and tested environment-friendly polymer, whose applications range from product packaging in the food industry to biomedical applications. It is a non-toxic, lightweight material, relatively simple for processing. Research findings show that PP material has higher elongation than any other thermoplastic material used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, which is the most developed and used extrusion based additive technology. In FDM, many printing parameters must be set before the actual additive manufacturing process, and they have a decisive influence on the mechanical properties of fabricated parts. In this research, layer height, infill density, and raster orientation are the parameters considered in the analysis, resulting in four specimen batches being prepared for tensile testing

Effect of casting conditions and heat treatment on high temperature low cycle fatigue performance of nickel superalloy Inconel 713LC

The present work is focused on the study of high temperature low cycle fatigue behaviour of Inconel 713LC produced by a vibratory investment casting (VIC) in as-cast conditions and in the condition after heat treatment (HT) consisting of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by precipitation hardening. Low cycle fatigue tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens in symmetrical push-pull cycle under strain control with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate at 800 °C in air. Hardening/softening curves and fatigue life curves of both materials were assessed and compared with data of Inconel 713LC produced by a conventional investment casting (CIC). Cyclic hardening can be observed in the high amplitude domain while saturated stress response is apparent for low amplitude cycling for all material batches. Data presented in Basquin representation show an increase in fatigue life of both VIC batches compared to the CIC batch, however, no effect of HT on fatigue life of Inconel 713LC produced by VIC was observed. In contrast, the heat treated Inconel 713LC demonstrates slightly higher fatigue life in Coffin-Manson representation. The microstructure of both superalloys was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructure of superalloy is characterized by dendritic grains with casting defects. It comprises the γ matrix, cubic γ´ precipitates, eutectics and carbides. The effect of the VIC and HT on fatigue performance and microstructure of Inconel 713LC is discussed

Effect of grit blasting surface treatment on high temperature low cycle fatigue life of Inconel 713LC

This paper presents the results of high temperature low cycle fatigue tests carried out on Inconel 713LC. This polycrystalline nickel based superalloys is mainly used for high temperature applications such as disks, blades and vanes of gas turbine engines. These machine components are manufactured by investment casting and undergo a series of postcast processes to remove remnants of shells, oxides and other contaminants. Grit blasting is one of the most widely used and cheapest technology ensuring adequate cleaning of the surface and at the same time is used to treat the substrate surface prior to application of metalic bond coat and various protective coatings (like diffusion, overlay or thermall barier coatings). Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted on as-received and grit blasted material in fully reversed pull-push cycle in strain control mode with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate at 900 °C in air. Experimental data on fatigue life were evaluated and parameters of Baquin and Coffin-Manson curves were obtained for both tested materials. Specimen surface and cross sections of both treated and untreated materials were analysed prior to fatigue tests and also after testing by means of optical microscopy (OM), as well as scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Vickers microhardness was measured. Fatigue degradation mechanisms was documented in both materials and negligible effect of grit blasting on low cycle parameters was discussed

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR AND FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION IN MAR-M247 AT 700 °C

The second generation nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 offers a satisfying combination of fatigue and creep properties and oxidation and corrosion resistance that are required for application at elevated temperatures in hostile environments. The microstructure consists mainly of the face centred cubic γ matrix and ordered γ´ strengthening precipitates (L12 crystal structure). The present work focuses on low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 at high temperature. LCF tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens in a symmetrical push-pull cycle under strain control with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate at 700 °C in ambient air. Cyclic stress-strain curves and fatigue life curves in the representation of plastic strain amplitude vs. stress amplitude and stress amplitude vs. the number of cycles to failure, respectively, were plotted and compared with data obtained on Inconel 713LC. Special attention was paid to the investigation of crack initiation in MAR-M247 during low cycle fatigue. Crack initiation sites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in dual beam microscope TESCAN LYRA 3 XMU FESEM equipped with focus ion beam (FIB). Specimens’ surface observations revealed the formation of pronounced surface relief indicating localisation of plastic deformation. Observations in transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed localisation of cyclic plastic deformation in persistent slip bands along {111} slip planes. Fractographic analysis revealed fatigue crack initiation sites. Fatigue crack propagation in stage I was typical of smooth facets up to 500 μm long

Low cycle fatigue behaviour and fatigue crack initiation in MAR-M247 at 700 °c

The second generation nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 offersa satisfying combination of fatigue and creep properties and oxidation and corrosion resistance that arerequired for application at elevated temperatures in hostile environments. The microstructure consists mainly oftheface centred cubic γ matrix and ordered γ ́ strengthening precipitates (L12crystal structure). The present work focuses on low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 at high temperature. LCF tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens in symmetrical push-pull cycle under strain control with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate at 700 °C in ambientair. Cyclic stress-strain curvesand fatigue life curves in the representation ofplastic strain amplitude vs. stress amplitude andstress amplitude vs. the number of cycles to failure, respectively,were plotted and compared with data obtained on Inconel 713LC. Special attention waspaid to the investigation of crack initiation in MAR-M247 during low cycle fatigue. Crack initiation sites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in dual beam microscope TESCAN LYRA 3 XMU FESEM equipped with focus ion beam (FIB). Specimens’ surface observations revealed the formation of pronounced surface relief indicating localisation of plastic deformation.Observations in transmission electron microscope (TEM)confirmed localisation of cyclic plastic deformation in persistent slip bands along {111} slip planes. Fractographic analysis revealed fatigue crack initiation sites. Fatigue crack propagation in stage I was typical of smooth facets up to 500 μm long

Fatigue Crack Initiation in Nickel-Based Superalloy MAR-M247 at High Temperature

The present work is focused on the study of crack initiation during low cycle fatigue (LCF) loading of the second generation nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 treated with hot isostatic pressing. LCF tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens in symmetrical push-pull cycle under strain control with constant total strain amplitude and strain rate at 800 °C in air atmosphere. Selected specimens were electrolytically polished to facilitate surface relief observations. Crack initiation sites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in dual beam microscope TESCAN LYRA 3 XMU FESEM equipped with focus ion beam (FIB). The microstructure of the material is characterised by coarse dendritic grains with numerous carbides and small casting defects. The average grain size was 2.1 ± 0.3 mm. Fractographic analysis revealed the fatigue crack initiation sites and their relation to the casting defects and material microstructure. Casting defects, carbide inclusions and interdendritic areas were found to be important crack nucleation sites. Specimens’ surface observations revealed the formation of pronounced surface relief with short worm-like markings. Fatigue crack initiation in these places is documented and discussed