Dose response in the tetrazolium test for skin carcinogenicity.

The tetrazolium test for skin carcinogenicity was performed with different doses of (i) a strong, complete carcinogen with moderate cytotoxicity, 20-methylcholanthrene; (ii) a weak carcinogen with strong cytotoxicity, the promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; (iii) a strong toxic substance with very weak carcinogenicity for the skin, cantharidin; and (iv) X-rays. The dose-response relationship was determined, and the validity of the tetrazolium test was confirmed. However, substances strongly cytotoxic must be tested in small doses to avoid necrosis. The tetrazolium test should not be used on the skin to test substances carcinogenic for organs other than skin

Brandstrup III: Axe and Taper from two Viking Age Chamber Graves

Brandstrup III: Axe and Taper from two Viking Age Chamber Grave

Bacterial Colonization and Vertical Distribution of Marine Gel Particles (TEP and CSP) in the Arctic Fram Strait

Gel particles—a class of abundant transparent organic particles—have increasingly gathered attention in marine research. Field studies on the bacterial colonization of marine gels however are still scarce. So far, most studies on respective particles have focused on the upper ocean, while little is known on their occurrence in the deep sea. Here, we report on the vertical distribution of the two most common gel particle types, which are polysaccharide-containing transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and proteinaceous Coomassie stainable particles (CSP), as well as numbers of bacteria attached to gel particles throughout the water column, from the surface ocean down to the bathypelagial (< 3,000 m). Our study was conducted in the Arctic Fram Strait during northern hemispheres' summer in 2015. Besides data on the bacterial colonization of the two gel particle types (TEP and CSP), we present bacterial densities on different gel particle size classes according to 12 different sampling depths at four sampling locations. Gel particles were frequently abundant at all sampled depths, and their concentrations decreased from the euphotic zone to the dark ocean. They were colonized by bacteria at all sampled water depths with risen importance at the deepest water layers, where fractions of bacteria attached to gel particles (%) increased within the total bacterial community. Due to the omnipresent bacterial colonization of gel particles at all sampled depths in our study, we presume that euphotic production of this type of organic matter may affect microbial species distribution within the whole water column in the Fram Strait, down to the deep sea. Our results raise the question if changes in the bacterial community composition and functioning on gel particles occur over depth, which may affect microbial respiration and remineralization rates of respective particles in different water layers

Fitting Mobile in the IS Curriculum

In this research in progress paper we examine how the trends towards an increasingly mobile future might be reflected in the undergraduate IS curriculum, and some of the challenges faced in making such a move. This paper is based on the discussions around redesigning the IS curriculum at UW Oshkosh, which are taking place this spring (2012). As such, this research is in very early stages and we are looking for feedback and insight from the MWAIS community

Phenolic compounds and disease resistance of 5 blackcurrant varieties in an organic growing system

The field resistance and the concentration of phenolic compounds of five black currant varieties grown under organic conditions were compared. Significant differences between varieties were seen for all of seven quantified hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The variety 'Intercontinental' clearly contained the highest level of hydroxycinnamic acid esters and at the same time was the most resistant variety. There seems to be a connection between the content of a caffeoyl-di-quinic acid ester and coumaryl-quinic acid ester and disease resistance under field conditions. The effect of four different growing conditions was much less evident. Analysis of the content of these phenolic acids might be a tool to help choosing the disease resistant varieties that are suitable for organic growing