Use of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls as substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus – Potential for combined mushroom and feed production

A circular concept involving use of faba bean hulls for production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) and the post-harvest residues for feed purposes was evaluated. Faba bean hulls are a waste remaining after the beans are dehulled to decrease the content of anti-nutritional factors and increase the food value of the beans. Faba bean hulls proved very suitable as substrate for production of oyster mushrooms, with biological efficiency of 109 ± 28%. The fruiting bodies produced were comparable to commercially sold mushrooms in terms of morphology, protein content, protein quality, and chemical composition. After mushroom harvest, 48.4 ± 0.6% of initial dry weight (dwt) of the substrate remained and showed significant changes in proximate composition, with an increase in protein concentration from 207.9 ± 8.6 to 346.6 ± 16.5 g kg−1 dwt and a significant increase in 14 of 16 amino acids analyzed, including methionine. Concentrations of the anti-nutritional compounds vicine and convicine were below the detection limit after mushroom harvest, while their initial concentration was 5.7 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.04 g kg−1 dwt, respectively. Tannin concentration was reduced by approximately 50%, to a final level of 9.0 ± 1.6 g kg−1 dwt. Comparison of the spent mushroom substrate with a commonly used feedstuff for pigs indicated potential for the spent substrate to be a valuable protein source in pig diets. This study demonstrates the potential for achieving complete circular use of agro waste and has implications for development of production systems well suited in the biobased society

Basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, stress, and sports injury among university athletes: A four-wave prospective survey

© 2019 Li, Ivarsson, Lam and Sun. The prevalence of sports injury among athletes is rather high, suggesting the need to better understand the causes of sports injury, including the risk factors, for preventive purposes. Grounded in basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) and the Model of Stress and Athletic Injury, the aim of this four-wave prospective survey study was to investigate the relationships among basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, stress responses, and sports injury. Study variables, including basic psychological need satisfaction/frustration, and perceived stress, were measured using a survey from 112 university athletes at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months of the study. Sports injury was assessed using a self-report form at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th months of study. Results of the Bayesian multilevel analysis showed that basic psychological need satisfaction negatively predicted sports injuries, whereas stress was a positive predictor. In addition, basic psychological need satisfaction had an indirect effect on injury occurrence via stress. However, basic psychological need frustration did not predict sports injury. BPNT is a viable model to provide additional explanations to psychological risk factors of injury. Intervention programs may be formulated based on the evidence obtained on the model

Sedimentary mechanisms of a modern banded iron formation on Milos Island, Greece

An Early Quaternary shallow submarine hydrothermal iron formation (IF) in the Cape Vani sedimentary basin (CVSB) on Milos Island, Greece, displays banded rhythmicity similar to Precambrian banded iron formation (BIF). Sedimentary, stratigraphic reconstruction, biogeochemical analysis and micro-nanoscale mineralogical characterization confirms the Milos rocks as modern Precambrian BIF analogues. Spatial coverage of the BIF-type rocks in relation to the economic grade Mn ore that brought prominence to the CVSB implicates tectonic activity and changing redox in the deposition of the BIF-type rocks. Field-wide stratigraphic and biogeochemical reconstruction demonstrates two temporal and spatially isolated iron deposits in the CVSB with distinct sedimentological character. Petrographic screening suggest the previously described photoferrotrophic-like microfossil-rich IF (MFIF), accumulated on basement andesite in a ~ 150 m wide basin, in the SW margin of the basin. A strongly banded non-fossiliferous IF (NFIF) caps the Mn-rich sandstones at the transition to the renowned Mn-rich formation. Geochemical evidence relates the origin of the NFIF to periodic submarine volcanism and water column oxidation of released Fe(II) in conditions apparently predominated by anoxia, similar to the MFIF. This is manifested in the lack of shale-normalized Ce anomalies. Raman spectroscopy pairs hematite-rich grains in the NFIF with relics of a carbonaceous material carrying an average δ13Corg signature of ~ −25 ‰. However, a similar δ13Corg signature in the MFIF is not directly coupled to hematite by mineralogy. The NFIF, which post dates large-scale Mn deposition in the CVSB, is composed primarily of amorphous Si (opal-SiO2 · nH2O) while crystalline quartz (SiO2) predominates the MFIF. An intricate interaction between tectonic processes, changing redox, biological activity and abiotic Si precipitation, formed the unmetamorphosed BIF-type deposits

Estimation of efficiency of the use of financial resources on enterprises

Стаття присвячена дослідженню теоретичних та практичних питань аналітичного забезпечення управління використанням фінансових ресурсів підприємств. Запропоновані комплексні показники оцінки даного процесуThe article is devoted to research of theoretical and practical questions of the analytical providing of management the use of financial resources of enterprises. The complex indexes of estimation of this process are offere

An interpolation theorem for proper holomorphic embeddings

Given a Stein manifold X of dimension n>1, a discrete sequence a_j in X, and a discrete sequence b_j in C^m where m > [3n/2], there exists a proper holomorphic embedding of X into C^m which sends a_j to b_j for every j=1,2,.... This is the interpolation version of the embedding theorem due to Eliashberg, Gromov and Schurmann. The dimension m cannot be lowered in general due to an example of Forster

The intensity paradox:A systematic review and meta‐analysis of its impact on the cardiorespiratory fitness of older adults

Aim: The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effect of moderate‐ versus high‐intensity aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in older adults, taking into account the volume of exercise completed. Methods: The databases MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers extracted data and assessed bias. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software calculated overall effect size, intensity differences, and performed meta‐regression analyses using pre‐to‐post intervention or change scores of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). The review included 23 RCTs with 1332 older adults (intervention group: n = 932; control group: n = 400), divided into moderate‐intensity (435 older adults) and high‐intensity (476 older adults) groups. Results: Meta‐regression analysis showed a moderate, but not significant, relationship between exercise intensity and improvements in V̇O2peak after accounting for the completed exercise volume (β = 0.31, 95% CI = [−0.04; 0.67]). Additionally, studies comparing moderate‐ versus high‐intensity revealed a small, but not significant, effect in favor of high‐intensity (Hedges' g = 0.20, 95% CI = [−0.02; 0.41]). Finally, no significant differences in V̇O2peak improvements were found across exercise groups employing various methods, modalities, and intensity monitoring strategies. Conclusion: Findings challenge the notion that high‐intensity exercise is inherently superior and indicate that regular aerobic exercise, irrespective of the specific approach and intensity, provides the primary benefits to CRF in older adults. Future RCTs should prioritize valid and reliable methodologies for monitoring and reporting exercise volume and adherence among older adults

Chromite oxidation by manganese oxides in subseafloor basalts and the presence of putative fossilized microorganisms

Chromite is a mineral with low solubility and is thus resistant to dissolution. The exception is when manganese oxides are available, since they are the only known naturally occurring oxidants for chromite. In the presence of Mn(IV) oxides, Cr(III) will oxidise to Cr(VI), which is more soluble than Cr(III), and thus easier to be removed. Here we report of chromite phenocrysts that are replaced by rhodochrosite (Mn(II) carbonate) in subseafloor basalts from the Koko Seamount, Pacific Ocean, that were drilled and collected during the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 197. The mineral succession chromite-rhodochrosite-saponite in the phenocrysts is interpreted as the result of chromite oxidation by manganese oxides. Putative fossilized microorganisms are abundant in the rhodochrosite and we suggest that the oxidation of chromite has been mediated by microbial activity. It has previously been shown in soils and in laboratory experiments that chromium oxidation is indirectly mediated by microbial formation of manganese oxides. Here we suggest a similar process in subseafloor basalts

Serological evaluation of possible exposure to Ljungan virus and related parechovirus in autoimmune (type 1) diabetes in children.

Exposure to Ljungan virus (LV) is implicated in the risk of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes but possible contribution by other parechoviruses is not ruled out. The aim was to compare children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 2005-2011 (n = 69) with healthy controls (n = 294), all from the Jämtland County in Sweden, using an exploratory suspension multiplex immunoassay for IgM and IgG against 26 peptides of LV, human parechoviruses (HPeV), Aichi virus and poliovirus in relation to a radiobinding assay (RBA) for antibodies against LV and InfluenzaA/H1N1pdm09. Islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. 1) All five LV-peptide antibodies correlated to each other (P < 0.001) in the suspension multiplex IgM- and IgG-antibody assay; 2) The LV-VP1_31-60-IgG correlated with insulin autoantibodies alone (P = 0.007) and in combination with HLA-DQ8 overall (P = 0.022) as well as with HLA-DQ 8/8 and 8/X subjects (P = 0.013); 3) RBA detected LV antibodies correlated with young age at diagnosis (P < 0.001) and with insulin autoantibodies (P < 0.001) especially in young HLA-DQ8 subjects (P = 0.004); 4) LV-peptide-VP1_31-60-IgG correlated to RBA LV antibodies (P = 0.009); 5) HPeV3-peptide-IgM and -IgG showed inter-peptide correlations (P < 0.001) but only HPeV3-VP1_1-30-IgG (P < 0.001) and VP1_95-124-IgG (P = 0.009) were related to RBA LV antibodies without relation to insulin autoantibody positivity (P = 0.072 and P = 0.486, respectively). Both exploratory suspension multiplex IgG to LV-peptide VP1_31-60 and RBA detected LV antibodies correlated with insulin autoantibodies and HLA-DQ8 suggesting possible role in type 1 diabetes. It remains to be determined if cross-reactivity or concomitant exposure to LV and HPeV3 contributes to the seroprevalence. J. Med. Virol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Comparison of Radioimmunoprecipitation With Luciferase Immunoprecipitation for Autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2β

OBJECTIVE - To compare the sensitivity and specificity of luciferase immunoprecipitation (LIPS) with radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) for the measurement of autoantibodies to the type 1 diabetes autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and insulinoma-associated protein (IA)-2 beta. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Sera from 49 type 1 diabetic patients and 100 nondiabetic control subjects from Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program 2007 were used to screen for autoantibodies to GAD65. An additional 200 type 1 diabetic patients and 200 nondiabetic control subjects were used to validate the GAD65 results and screen for autoantibodies to IA-2 beta. RESULTS - LIPS showed equal sensitivity and specificity to RIP for detecting autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2 beta. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the detection of autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2 beta by LIPS and RIP were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS - The LIPS assay does not require the use of radioisotopes or in vitro transcription/translation and is a practical alternative at the clinical level for the RIP assay

Eta Carinae across the 2003.5 minimum: Spectroscopic Evidence for Massive Binary Interactions

We have analyzed high spatial, moderate spectral resolution observations of Eta Carinae obtained with the STIS from 1998.0 to 2004.3. The spectra show prominent P-Cygni lines in H I, Fe II and He I which are complicated by blends and contamination by nebular emission and absorption along the line-of-sight toward the observer. All lines show phase and species dependent variations in emission and absorption. For most of the cycle the He I emission is blueshifted relative to the H I and Fe II P-Cygni emission lines, which are approximately centered at system velocity. The blueshifted He I absorption varies in intensity and velocity throughout the 2024 day period. We construct radial velocity curves for the absorption component of the He I and H I lines. The He I absorption shows significant radial velocity variations throughout the cycle, with a rapid change of over 200 km/s near the 2003.5 event. The H I velocity curve is similar to that of the He I absorption, though offset in phase and reduced in amplitude. We interpret the complex line profile variations in He I, H I and Fe II to be a consequence of the dynamic interaction of the dense wind of Eta Car A with the less dense, faster wind plus the radiation field of a hot companion star, Eta Car B. During most of the orbit, Eta Car B and the He+ recombination zone are on the near side of Eta Car A, producing blueshifted He I emission. He I absorption is formed in the part of the He+ zone that intersects the line-of-sight toward Eta Car. We use the variations seen in He I and the other P-Cygni lines to constrain the geometry of the orbit and the character of Eta Car B.Comment: 16 pages, 18 figure