Effect of seed priming with water and zinc on wheat yield, and grain biofortification with zinc foliar application

Ciljevi istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su bili da se prouči uticaj predsetvenog tretmana semena vodom i cinkom na prinos zrna pet domaćih ozimih sorti hlebne pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.), takođe i uticaj jednokratne folijarne primene cinka na prinos i koncentraciju cinka i proteina u zrnu. Oba poljska ogleda su izvedena na dve lokacije (Zemun Polje i Padinska Skela), na svakoj u dve uzastopne proizvodne sezone. U predsetvenom tretmanu semena cinkom seme je potapano u 4 mM vodeni rastvor ZnSO4·7H2O, a kontrola je bila netretirano seme. U drugom ogledu je 0,5% vodeni rastvor ZnSO4·7H2O primenjen folijarno na kraju cvetanja. Predsetveni tretman semena cinkom je na nivou celog ogleda značajno povećao suvu masu glavnog izdanka i ukupnu suvu masu svih izdanaka samo u odnosu na kontrolu, dok je uticaj tretmana sa vodom bio manje izražen; razlike između tretmana semena nisu bile značajne za sve sorte na obe lokacije. U proseku za ceo ogled, predsetveni tretman cinkom značajno je povećao prinos zrna u odnosu na kontrolu i tretman sa vodom, i to za 8% i 6%, po redu, pri čemu uticaj tretmana nije bio jednak i značajan po proizvodnim sezonama na obe lokacije i za sorte. Povećanje prinosa nije moglo sa sigurnošću da se dovede u vezu sa uticajem predsetvenog tretmana semena na merene komponenete prinosa, i neophodna su dalja istraživanja u kojima će biti praćeno i prezimljavanje i bokorenje sorti pšenice u našem području. Jednokratna folijarna primena cinka na kraju cvetanja je značajno povećala koncentraciju cinka u zrnu svih sorti na obe lokacije, dok je uticaj ovog tretmana na koncentraciju proteina u zrnu bio manje izražen. Povećanje novoa cinka u zrnu je za sorte variralo od 15% do 49%. Rezultati su po prvi put pokazali da su domaće visoko prinosne sorte pšenice prilagođene na biofortifikaciju folijarnom primenom cinka, kojom može da se poboljša dijetarni unos cinka, i da visoki prinosi zrna ne ograničavaju potencijal za biofortifikaciju cinkom.yield of five local winter bread cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), and to study the effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield and grain zinc and protein concentration. Both filed trials were conducted on two experimental locations (Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela) over two gorwing seasons on each location. Seed priming comprised of following treatments: priming with water, priming with 4 mM ZnSO4·7H2O water solution and control was untreated seeds. In the second experiment, 0.5% water solution ZnSO4·7H2O was applied as foliar spraying at the end of anthesis. Overall experiment, seed priming with zinc significantly increased dry weight of main tiller as well as total dry weight of all tillers over control, whilst the effect of water priming was less pronounced, and differences between priming treatments were not significant for all tested cultivars on both locations. Zinc seed priming significantly increased grain yield over control for 8% and for 6% over seed priming with water, but the effect were not significant in both cropping seasons on both locations. Yield increase could not be conclusively associated with positive effect of seed priming on measured yield components. Therefore, further research is needed to study the effect of zinc priming on overwintering and tillering of wheat under local agroecological conditions. Single zinc foliar application at the end of anthesis significantly increased grain zinc concentration of all cultivars on both locations in two cropping seasons. Grain zinc level increase for tested cultivars ranged from 15% to 49%. Results showed for the first time that grain of local high yielding winter wheat can be biofortified with zinc by zinc foliar application which can be recommended for increase of zinc dietary intake in the human population and help alleviate a low dietary zinc intake. High grain yields are not likely to limit the potential for zinc biofortificatio

Nutritive and sensory quality of commercial dry - fermented sausages - ”ČAJNA” type with different salt content

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of dry-fermented pork sausages – “čajna” type from the market, with similar composition and different salt content. Physicochemical parameters of selected samples were determined and sensory quality parameters were evaluated. In samples M and D, with significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) sodium chloride content, higher values of color parameter a* and breaking force and lower values of pH and water activity were found compared to samples T and L. Sample D had the highest protein (25.51%) and sodium chloride content (5.04%), and the lowest fat content (30.04%). Samples M and D had significantly higher sensory quality, especially odor, aroma, taste, consistency and cross-section, compared to other samples. These samples were evaluated as sausages with a pronounced pleasant aroma, taste and odor characteristic for dry-fermented products, with pleasant salinity, appropriate for the product. Although the dry-fermented sausage samples with a lower salt content had more acceptable nutritive values, their sensory quality was lower than expected

Impact of Weather Conditions on Travel Demand – The Most Common Research Methods and Applied Models

This paper presents an overview of the applied research methodologies and developed travel demand models that take weather impact into account. The paper deals with trip generation and modal split as elements of travel demand that best describe changes in the travel behaviour in different weather conditions. The authors herein emphasize the importance of research in local conditions in all climate zones, especially in areas where climate and modal split characteristics are different from those in common research areas. This review is designed as a brief guide on how the impact of weather can be explored in order to encourage conducting research even in the countries where there is no systematic traffic and travel data collection. The stated adaptation technique followed by the panel household travel surveys may be particularly appropriate for those countries. It is concluded that small budgets should not be considered an obstacle, because it is possible to draw reliable conclusions based even on small samples. Moreover, modern research methods enable a cheaper survey process together with the possibility of obtaining higher quality of results. The increasing popularity of research in this field should contribute to the creation of more resilient transport systems all over the world. A special contribution of this paper is the review of research studies carried out in central, western and southern Europe and not mentioned in any review paper before.</p

Modelling the Impact of Rain in Traffic Assignment Procedures

The efficiency of urban transportation system is un-der the influence of weather conditions. It is necessary to incorporate these impacts into transport system analysis, in order to prepare adequate mitigation measures. Trans-port models are often used in different types of transport system analysis and forecasting of its future characteris-tics. This paper focuses on implementation of the impact of rain in transport modelling, particularly into a traffic assignment process as a part of a macroscopic transport model. This aspect of modelling is important because it can indicate parts of the network where this impact leads to a high volume/capacity ratio, which is a good input for defining mitigation measures. Commonly, transport models do not consider weather impacts in its standard procedures. The paper presents a methodology for cali-brating volume-delay function in order to improve traf-fic assignment modelling in case of rain. The impact of different rain categories on capacity and free-flow speed was quantified and implemented in the volume-delay function. Special attention is given to the calibration of the part of volume-delay function for over-saturated traf-fic conditions. Calibration methodology is applicable for different types of volume-delay functions and presents a solid approach to incorporate weather conditions into common engineering practice

Morfološka i molekularna identifikacija Fusarium tricinctum i Fusarium acuminatum prouzrokovača truleži belog luka u Srbiji

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is considered to be one of the oldest crops in the world. During 2016, infected garlic bulbs occurred in storages on several localities of the Province of Vojvodina. Symptomatic cloves showed typical rot symptoms such as softened and spongy areas covered with white fungal growth with deep lesions formed on the cloves which became dry over time. A total of 36 isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from diseased cloves of garlic. Colony morphology and microscopic properties of isolated Fusarium species were recorded from the cultures grown on PDA and CLA, respectively. Identification of two chosen isolates was performed by sequencing the EF-1α gene. The TEF sequence of isolate JBL12 showed 100% similarity with several F. tricinctum sequences and sequence of JBL539 showed 99% identity with several F. acuminatum sequences and they were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Based on the results of the morphological and molecular identification, isolates JBL12 and JBL539 were identified as F. tricinctum and F. acuminatum, respectively, as new causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Serbia. Specific primers were designed for the PCR identification of the F. tricinctum.Beli luk (Allium sativum L.) smatra se jednom od najstarijih biljnih vrsta na svetu. Tokom 2016. godine, zapažena je pojava truleži belog luka u skladištima i magacinima na nekoliko lokaliteta u Vojvodini. Simptomi su se ispoljavali u vidu lezija, truleži belog luka kao i pojavom micelije na inficiranim čenovima. Cilj rada bio je izolacija i identifikacija Fusarium spp. na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika patogena. Izolacijom je dobijeno 36 izolata Fusarium spp. Detekcija i identifikacija odabranih izolata potvrđena je metodom PCR korišćenjem prajmera EF1 i EF2 koji amplifikuju proizvode veličine 700bp. U svim proučavanim izolatima formirani su amplikoni veličine 700bp. Izolacija DNK dva odabrana izolata izvršena je direktno iz micelije gljive (~100 mg), korišćenjem DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Identifikacija izolata JBL539 i JBL12 izvršena je sekvenciranjem EF-1α gena , koji su deponovani u NCBI bazu podataka pod brojem KX611146 (F. tricinctum) i KX752419 (F. acuminatum). Kreirani su specifični prajmeri za PCR identifikaciju vrste F. tricinctum

Porast izdanaka inbred linija kukuruza (Zea mays L.) pod uticajem tretmana semena pesticidima

Seed treatment is a common way of fungicide and insecticide use nowadays, since this way of pesticide application can provide the best protection in the vicinity of the future plant. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of different seed treatments on germination and seedling growth in three maize inbred lines. The research included the seed treatment with several combinations of a fungicide Maxim XL 035-FS (a.i. metalaxil-M + fludioxonil) and neonicotinoid insecticides Gaucho 600-FS (a.i. imidacloprid) and Cruiser 350-FS (a.i. thiamethoxam), as well as untreated seed (control). The results indicated that inbred lines 21202 x 21101 NS and 317659 NS had a highly vigourous seed which was not affected by the seed treatments. The seed treatments with Maxim XL 035- FS+Gaucho 600-FS and Maxim XL 035-FS+Cruiser 350-FS led to a decrease in germination (90.25% and 89.50%, respectively) of maize inbred line 306081 NS as well as a decrease in root length (126.75 mm and 125.25 mm, respectively) and dry root weight (0.135 g and 0.1875 g, respectively) of maize inbred line 21202 x 21101 NS. All seed treatments had positive effects on root growth, as well as on fresh root weight of maize inbred lines 306081 NS and 317659 NS.Tretiranje semena fungicidima i insekticidima je uobičajen način pripreme semena pre setve, s obzirom na to da ovaj način primene pesticida može da pruži najbolju zaštitu mlade biljke od patogena i štetočina u zemljištu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj različitih tretmana semena pesticidima na klijanje semena i početni porast izdanaka različitih inbred linija kukuruza. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo testiranje tretmana semena inbred linija kukuruza sa nekoliko kombinacija fungicida (Maxim XL 035-FS, fludioksonil, 25 g/l + metalaksil-M, 10 g/l) i insekticida (Gaucho 600-FS, imidakloprid 600 g/l i Cruiser 350-FS, tiametoksam, 350 g/l). Netretirano seme je uzeto za kontrolu. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da inbred linije 21202 x 21101 NS i 317659 NS imaju visoko vigorozno seme, na koje nisu uticali testirani preparati. Testirane kombinacije preparata pesticida Maxim XL 035-FS+Gaucho 600-FS i Maxim XL 035-FS+Cruiser 350-FS dovele su do smanjenja klijavosti semena inbred linije 306081 NS (90,25%, odnosno 89,50%), kao i do smanjenja dužine korena (126,75 mm, odnosno 125,25 mm) i mase suvog korena (0,135 g, odnosno 0,1875 g) izdanaka inbred linije 21202 x 21101 NS. Svi testirani tretmani imali su pozitivan uticaj na porast korena izdanaka, kao i na masu svežeg korena izdanaka inbred linija 306081 NS i 317659 NS

Proučavanje raznovrsnosti bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa različitih voćaka u Srbiji

Pseudomonas syringae is a widespread and economically important plant pathogen, one found on a number of hosts, including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. This bacterium has been experimentally identified as a parasite of pear, apple, apricot, peach, cherry, sour cherry, plum, and raspberry. The present study was designed to establish differences between strains isolated from fruit trees in Serbia. The pathogenic and biochemical characteristics of isolates were studied. The BOX-PCR method was used to generate genomic fingerprints of Pseudomonas syringae isolates and to identify strains that were previously not distinguishable by other classification methods. Different Bacillus sp. strains were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Pseudononas syringae isolates. Bacillus sp. strains show inhibitory activity only against P. syringae isolates that originated from peach. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is very diverse.Pseudomonas syringae je široko rasprostranjena i ekonomski značajna fitopatogena bakterija, sa širokim krugom domaćina koji uključuje voćke, ratarske, povrtarske i ukrasne biljke. Pseudomonas syringae u Srbiji je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, kajsije, breskve, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Cilj ove studije bio je da utvrdi postojanje eventualnih razlika između sojeva izolovanih sa različitih vrsta voćaka u Srbiji. Proučavane su patogene i biohemijske osobine sojeva. BOX-PCR je korišćen za dobijanje profila izolata Pseudomonas syringae u cilju identifikacije sojeva koji se ne mogu utvrditi drugim metodama. Različiti sojevi roda Bacillus su testirani u cilju utvrđivanja njihove in vitro inhibitorne aktivnosti. Sojevi roda Bacillus su pokazali inhibitornu aktivnost samo na P. syringae izolovanih sa breskve. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali suda je populacija bakterije Pseudomonas syringae poreklom sa voća u Srbiji vrlo raznovrsna

TYPES OF TREATMENTS USED BY PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

There is a large number of treatment types offered to parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but they are particularly vulnerable to the promoters of pseudoscience, which can lead to the use of ineffective types of treatment. This study represents an attempt to document the types of treatments used by parents of children with ASD in the Republic of Serbia. Secondary aim was to determine if certain parent or child characteristics influenced the types of treatments used. Modified version of survey constructed and conducted by Green, et al. (2006) was used. Nearly all (n=85) of the 86 treatments listed in our survey were being currently used or used in the past by at least one parent and the most commonly used treatment is speech and language therapy. The treatments were grouped into ten categories and the most commonly used is other treatments (80.6%), followed by standard therapies (79.2%) and vitamin supplements (65.3%).&nbsp; It is also of great importance to educate the parents of children with ASD about evidence-based treatments and on how to distinguish them from treatments that do not have empirica

Customer perception of service quality in public transport

This paper presents the research and analysis process showing that transport system customers have a specific perception of service quality, as an indicator of transport system. Determining satisfactory level of service quality implies knowledge of travel demand and travel behaviour. There are a lot of elements that define the transport system quality. The goal of this paper is to identify the public transport system’s service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, in order to increase the level of service quality from transport system users’ (public transport users’ and non-users’) point of view, with minimal investment. The paper describes a specifically defined research methodology for determining service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, from the transport system users’ point of view. Methodology involves the use of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) which is upgraded with the state preferences analysis. Presented methodology, which is used to determine user perception of service quality, can be considered to be universal. This methodology can be applied in other cities, with additional research that must precede its use. The methodology was tested on transport system users in Belgrade