К вопросу о дистанционном обучении в аэрокосмической отрасли

Данная статья содержит информацию о возможности применения дистанционного обучения в образовательном процессе для получения степени бакалавра или магистра, либо для получения сертификата о прохождении образовательного курса в области аэрокосмической инженерии. Также рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки электронного обучения в аэрокосмической сфере. Проводится сравнительный анализ различных программ дистанционного обучения в зарубежных странах по основным критериям: стоимость обучения, продолжительность и содержание курса, требования кстуденту и т.д. Кроме того, изучена распростран?нность онлайн обучения в аэрокосмической отрасли в России и выявлены возможные проблемы реализации дистанционного обучения в аэрокосмической инженерии.This article contains an information about the possibilities of applying distance learning in the educational process in order to earn bachelor's degree or master's degree, or to obtain a certificate of passing the educational course in the field of aerospace engineering. The advantages and disadvantages of e-learning in the aerospace field are also mentioned. Comparative analysis of various distance learning programs in foreign countries was made according to the main criteria: tuition fee, duration and course content, student requirements, etc. In addition, the prevalence of online learning in the aerospace industry in Russia and possible problems of implementation ofdistance learning in aerospace engineering are covered

Técnica, princípios e características de avaliação da eficiência econômica da construção e reconstrução de rodovias

Efficiency assessment technique of capital investments in construction and reconstruction of highways is described in this article. Despite the degree of readiness of the methodical device, specialized construction norms of VSN 21-83 focused on implementation of such assessment were not widely adopted in view of the difficulties arising in the course of collecting basic data, their reliability and quality. The present article contains the characteristics of the grouped components and evaluation criteria, in particular, the description of settlement indicators in a section of the intra-transport, extra-transport and social and economic effects resulting from capital investments in linear objects of road infrastructure. On a concrete example the assessment procedure and calculations of summary economic indicators for groups and for the project in general is shown. What shows is a possibility of application of rather difficult technique and its efficiency as scientific tool of complex assessment for the solution of applied tasks in road construction. And use of departmental construction norms in combination with the dynamic methods of assessment based on the analysis of cash flows can increase substantially scientific validity of administrative decisions and quality of investment projects in the field of development of road infrastructure.En este artículo se describe la técnica de evaluación de la eficiencia de las inversiones de capital en la construcción y reconstrucción de carreteras. A pesar del grado de preparación del dispositivo metódico, las normas de construcción especializadas de VSN 21-83 enfocadas en la implementación de dicha evaluación no se adoptaron ampliamente en vista de las dificultades que surgen en el curso de la recopilación de datos básicos, su confiabilidad y calidad. El presente artículo contiene las características de los componentes agrupados y los criterios de evaluación, en particular, la descripción de los indicadores de asentamiento en una sección del transporte interno, transporte extra y los efectos sociales y económicos resultantes de las inversiones de capital en objetos lineales de infraestructura vial. En un ejemplo concreto se muestra el procedimiento de evaluación y los cálculos de indicadores económicos resumidos para grupos y para el proyecto en general. Lo que muestra es una posibilidad de aplicación de una técnica bastante difícil y su eficiencia como herramienta científica de evaluación compleja para la solución de tareas aplicadas en la construcción de carreteras. Y el uso de normas de construcción departamentales en combinación con los métodos dinámicos de evaluación basados en el análisis de flujos de efectivo puede aumentar sustancialmente la validez científica de las decisiones administrativas y la calidad de los proyectos de inversión en el campo del desarrollo de infraestructura vial.A técnica de avaliação de eficiência de investimentos de capital em construção e reconstrução de rodovias é descrita neste artigo. Apesar do grau de prontidão do dispositivo metódico, normas de construção especializadas do VSN 21-83 voltadas para a implementação de tal avaliação não foram amplamente adotadas em vista das dificuldades surgidas no decorrer da coleta de dados básicos, sua confiabilidade e qualidade. O presente artigo contém as características dos componentes agrupados e critérios de avaliação, em particular, a descrição dos indicadores de liquidação em uma seção dos efeitos intra-transporte, extra-transporte e sociais e econômicos resultantes de investimentos de capital em objetos lineares de infraestrutura rodoviária. Em um exemplo concreto, o procedimento de avaliação e os cálculos de indicadores econômicos resumidos para grupos e para o projeto em geral são mostrados. O que mostra é uma possibilidade de aplicação de técnica bastante difícil e sua eficiência como ferramenta científica de avaliação complexa para a solução de tarefas aplicadas na construção de estradas. E o uso de normas de construção departamental em combinação com os métodos dinâmicos de avaliação com base na análise dos fluxos de caixa pode aumentar substancialmente a validade científica das decisões administrativas e da qualidade dos projetos de investimento no campo do desenvolvimento da infraestrutura rodoviária

The geochemical characteristics of the bottom sediment in the pockmark area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland

It is the first time pockmark-like structures have been detected in the south-eastern part of the Gulf of Finland with the help of a side-scan sonar and a profile recorder. The analysis of the distribution of microcomponents in the bottom sediment indicates that the pockmark area is located in the geochemical barrier border zone where the reducing medium of the incoming mineralized solution meets the highly oxidizing sea water medium. The hydrodynamic and geochemical processes in the pockmark zone create focal areas of anomalous microenvironment and affect the composition and development of benthos

Conventional Polychemotherapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Associated with Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Depletion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether conventional polychemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients contributed to the development of oxidative stress and antioxidants depletion. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assessed by malonedialdehyde (MDA) content were measured as products of lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment MDA values and MDA values during therapy course were estimated to be above the normal range, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Serum iron levels were monitored as a potential source of non-transferrin bound iron with a role in initiation of oxidative burst. Increased serum iron levels were measured during the whole course of chemotherapy. To analyze the effects of cytostatic therapy on the pro-oxidant/antioxidant parameters in plasma we measured the total antioxidant status (TAS) and a single plasma antioxidant - uric acid (UA). A significant reduction of TAS levels was found at the end of the therapy course, strongly correlating with UA content (r=0,9; p<0,05). Our data suggest that uric acid as a routine laboratory indicator could also serve as a marker of blood antioxidant capacity

Supernova Ia: a Converging Delayed Detonation Wave

A model of a carbon-oxygen (C--O) presupernova core with an initial mass 1.33 M_\odot, an initial carbon mass fraction 0.27, and with an average mass growth-rate 5 x 10^{-7} M_\odot/yr due to accretion in a binary system was evolved from initial central density 10^9 g/cm^3, and temperature 2.05 x 10^8 K through convective core formation and its subsequent expansion to the carbon runaway at the center. The only thermonuclear reaction contained in the equations of evolution and runaway was the carbon burning reaction 12C + 12C with an energy release corresponding to the full transition of carbon and oxygen (with the same rate as carbon) into 56Ni. As a parameter we take \alpha_c - a ratio of a mixing length to the size of the convective zone. In spite of the crude assumptions, we obtained a pattern of the runaway acceptable for the supernova theory with the strong dependence of its duration on \alpha_c. In the variants with large enough values of \alpha_c=4.0 x 10^{-3} and 3.0 x 10^{-3} the fuel combustion occurred from the very beginning as a prompt detonation. In the range of 2.0 x 10^{-3} >= \alpha_c >= 3.0 x 10^{-4} the burning started as a deflagration with excitation of stellar pulsations with growing amplitude. Eventually, the detonation set in, which was activated near the surface layers of the presupernova (with m about 1.33 M_\odot) and penetrated into the star down to the deflagration front. Excitation of model pulsations and formation of a detonation front are described in detail for the variant with \alpha_c=1.0 x 10^{-3}.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Astronomy Letter

Patterns of mercury accumulation in the organs of bank vole Myodes glareolus (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are among the most hazardous environmental pollutants with a high cumulative potential and they can have toxic effects on human and animal health even in low concentrations. Due to the increasing rate of human economic activity and the increase in the amount of Hg in the total cycling of matter, the study of its distribution, transformation, redistribution and accumulation in the abiotic and biotic components of various ecosystems remains important up to the present time. We assessed the content of metal in organs and tissues of the bank vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus Schreber, 1780 (Rodentia, Cricetidae), a widespread small rodent, caught in different biotopes of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Voronezh region. Measurements of Hg in samples were carried out with a mercury analyzer RA-915+ with the accessory PYRO (Lumex) using the atomic absorption method of cold steam without preliminary sample preparation (the lower limit of mercury detection in samples was 0.001 mg/kg). The sample size was 344 specimens. Mean Hg concentrations ranged from values below the analytical determination threshold to 0.887 mg/kg dry weight in the kidneys, 0.411 in the liver, 0.031 in the muscle tissue, and 0.040 in the brain. A positive correlation was found between the metal content in all possible pairs of organs (except for the “muscle – brain” pair) and a weak negative correlation was found between the Hg level and the mass of the animals. Hg concentrations in the studied organs did not differ between males and females. The metal content in the liver and kidneys of voles from the forest-steppe zone was significantly higher than in those from the steppe zone. Among all studied biotopes (meadow, pine and mixed forest, shrub thickets), the lowest concentrations were observed in animals living in pine forests, while the highest one – in more humidified bush thickets. During the vegetation season, there was a decrease in the average values of animal body mass in the samples and an increase in the content of Hg in the liver and kidneys. The results of the study are relevant in the assessment of atmospheric mercury pollution of terrestrial ecosystems using small mammals, such as Myodes glareolus, as a model object

Eccentric double white dwarfs as LISA sources in globular clusters

We consider the formation of double white dwarfs (DWDs) through dynamical interactions in globular clusters. Such interactions can give rise to eccentric DWDs, in contrast to the exclusively circular population expected to form in the Galactic disk. We show that for a 5-year Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission and distances as far as the Large Magellanic Cloud, multiple harmonics from eccentric DWDs can be detected at a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 8 for at least a handful of eccentric DWDs, given their formation rate and typical lifetimes estimated from current cluster simulations. Consequently the association of eccentricity with stellar-mass LISA sources does not uniquely involve neutron stars, as is usually assumed. Due to the difficulty of detecting (eccentric) DWDs with present and planned electromagnetic observatories, LISA could provide unique dynamical identifications of these systems in globular clusters.Comment: Published in ApJ 665, L5

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ У РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ

Formation of innovative economic model and effective regional policy necessitates the justification of methodological foundations of modern region`s management system. The purpose of the article is improving the components of the methodology of organizational and institutional development of the regional administration system that will promote the introduction of innovative management of socio-economic processes in regions. This article explores the structural differentiation, functional subsystems and process control systems to regional development, the necessity of reorienting its essence — content elements. Established that the underestimation of competence, creative and cultural aspects in modern system of innovation management is the most important reason for low level of professionalism and effective implementation of management functions. It is grounded most important components of innovation management in the region, institutional, cultural, cognitive, competence which use for modern development, make and implement strategic decisions on which can improve procedural and resource subsystem. Scientific novelty author has proposed a fundamentally new system — integration model of Regional Development. Its use will facilitate the formation of complex of integrated totality, which forms the system that has synergistic properties and able to provide the strategic development of the region. Practical significance has strategic integration of all subsystems of Innovation Management and proposed by the author organizational and institutional approach to ensure the future development of the region. The consistent use of these key components of the proposed model can provide science-based approach to innovation development of the strategic management of the economy of the region in conditions of modernization, introduction the effective regional policy.Формування інноваційної моделі економіки та ефективної регіональної політики зумовлює необхідність обґрунтування методологічних основ сучасного розвитку системи менеджменту регіонів. Мета статті — удосконалення складових методології організаційно-інституційного розвитку системи регіонального управління, що сприятиме запровадженню в регіонах інноваційного менеджменту соціально-економічних процесів. Досліджено розмежування структурної, функціональної і процесної підсистем системи управління регіональним розвитком, доведена необхідність переорієнтації її сутнісно-змістовних елементів. Установлено, що недооцінка компетентнісних, творчих і культурних аспектів у сучасній системі інноваційного менеджменту є найважливішою причиною слабкого рівня професіоналізму та ефективного здійснення управлінських функцій. Обґрунтовано найважливіші складові інноваційного менеджменту регіону: інституційна, культурна, когнітивна, компетентнісна, які покликані формувати сучасний розвиток, ухвалювати і реалізовувати стратегічні рішення, на основі яких отримають удосконалення ресурсна і процедурна підсистеми. Наукову новизну має запропонована принципово нова системно-інтеграційна модель органів управління розвитком регіону. Її застосування сприятиме формуванню складної інтегрованої сукупності, яка утворює систему, що володіє синергетичними властивостями і здатна забезпечити стратегічний розвиток регіону, Практичне значення має стратегічна інтеграція всіх підсистем інноваційного менеджменту та запропонований організаційно-інституціональний підхід для забезпечення перспективного розвитку регіону. Послідовне використання основних складових запропонованої моделі здатне забезпечити науково обґрунтований підхід до інноваційного розвитку системи стратегічного управління економікою регіону в умовах модернізації, впровадженню ефективної регіональної політики