Innovation as a Factor in Sustainable Development of Russia’s Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is an integral aspect of the sustainable development of a socio-economic system. In this regard, innovation is considered to be one of the leading factors ensuring the development of sustainable agricultural since it increases the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry in the domestic and foreign markets. This study presents a system of recursive equations characterizing the innovations occurring within agricultural organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation. Additionally, the study assesses the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia by calculating the integrated index of five components: economic, innovative, social, ecological, and institutional. Also, the authors built a regression model that estimates the influence of innovation on the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia

Diltiazem-loaded Eudragit RS 100 microparticles for drug delivery: the challenge of viscosity

Strongly shape-dependent viscosity has been found in drug loaded and `empty` polymeric microspheres (drug delivery systems) made of pharmacopoeial Eudragit RS 100 representative. The dramatically increased viscosity of a layer of spherical particles deposited on the gold electrode surface of quartz resonators from water suspension leads to a large dynamic resistance and inability to sustain stable oscillations in a frequency measuring circuit. The viscosity is also affected by loading the polymer matrix with Diltiazem. Its adverse impact is removed by exposing the deposed layer to acetone vapor leading to `dissolving` the investigated spheres and changing their shape to a thin layered one

KINETIC MODELING ON AMIDE HYDROLYSIS, DRUG RELEASE AND MUCOSAL PERMEATION OF INDOMETHACIN IN THE COMPOSITION OF SELECTED SEMISOLID VEHICLES

The present study aims to reveal the role of a semi-solid vehicle in the composition of Indomethacin dosage forms for their physical and chemical stability, in vitro and ex vivo behavior. Three types of hydrogels and emulgels were prepared with gelling agents Methylcellulose 2%, Poloxamer 407 20% and Carbomer 940 1%. Each preparation was observed for physical and chemical stability at 5°C and 25°C within 3 months. Test formulations, along with USP standard Indomethacin gel and combined marked product Indextol,were subjected to in vitro drug release test and ex vivo permeation study, using porcine intestinal mucosa on Franz diffusion cell. A hypothesis was built to predict steady-state plasma concentration (Css) of Indomethacin for each formulation following mucosal administration. Results revealed sustained chemical stability of all emulgels for the period observed and significantly lower chemical stability of the corresponding hydrogels. Methylcellulose hydrogel (at both temperatures) and emulgel (at 25°C) showed signs of phase separation, while all other formulations kept their physical appearance for the duration of the study. Methylcellulose emulgel along with Poloxamer 407 hydrogel showed highest cumulative drug release in 12 hours (58.01% and 55.00%, respectively). Same formulations exhibited also highest drug permeation rate (Jss) through mucosa (10.55 µg.cm-2.h-1 and 13.20 µg.cm-2.h-1, respectively) and highest predicted value of plasma concentration (Css up to 100.49 µg.l-1 and 125.71 µg.l-1, respectively), whereas highest drug deposition in mucosal tissue was detected for Poloxamer 407 emulgel (2.1 mg.cm-3)

Frequency of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients: screening data from West Siberia

BACKGROUN

Investigation of oncolytic potential of vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses against glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines

Introduction. Flaviviruses, possessing natural neurotropicity could be used in glioblastoma therapy using attenuated strains or as a delivery system for antitumor agents in an inactivated form. Objective. To investigate the sensitivity of glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines to vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Materials and methods. Cell lines: glioblastoma GL-6, T98G, LN-229, pancreatic carcinoma MIA RaCa-2 and human pancreatic ductal carcinoma PANC-1. Viral strains: 17D yellow fever virus (YF), Sofjin tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus concentration were determined by plaque assay and quantitative PCR. Determination of cell sensitivity to viruses by MTT assay. Results. 17D YF was effective only against pancreatic carcinoma tumor cells MIA Paca-2 and had a limited effect against PANC-1. In glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, GL6, T98G), virus had no oncolytic effect and the viral RNA concentration fell in the culture medium. Sofjin TBEV showed CPE50 against MIA Paca-2 and a very limited cytotoxic effect against PANC-1. However, it had no oncolytic effect against glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, T98G and GL6), although virus reproduction continued in these cultures. For the GL6 glioblastoma cell line, the viral RNA concentration at the level with the infection dose was determined within 13 days, despite medium replacement, while in the case of the LN229 cell line, the virus concentration increased from 1 × 109 to 1 × 1010 copies/ml. Conclusion. Tumor behavior in organism is more complex and is determined by different microenvironmental factors and immune status. In the future, it is advisable to continue studying the antitumor oncolytic and immunomodulatory effects of viral strains 17D YF and Sofjin TBEV using in vivo models

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe