Dynamical tides in exoplanetary systems containing hot Jupiters: Confronting theory and observations

We study the effect of dynamical tides associated with the excitation of gravity waves in an interior radiative region of the central star on orbital evolution in observed systems containing hot Jupiters. We consider WASP-43, OGLE-TR-113, WASP-12 and WASP-18 that contain stars on the main sequence (MS). For these systems there are observational estimates regarding the rate of change of the orbital period.We also investigate Kepler-91 that contains an evolved giant star.We adopt the formalism of Ivanov et al. for calculating the orbital evolution. For the MS stars we determine expected rates of orbital evolution under different assumptions about the amount of dissipation acting on the tides, estimate the effect of stellar rotation for the two most rapidly rotating stars and compare results with observations. All cases apart from possibly WASP-43 are consistent with a regime in which gravity waves are damped during their propagation over the star. However, at present this is not definitive as observational errors are large. We find that although it is expected to apply to Kepler-91, linear radiative damping cannot explain this dissipation regime applying to MS stars. Thus, a non-linear mechanism may be needed. Kepler-91 is found to be such that the time-scale for evolution of the star is comparable to that for the orbit. This implies that significant orbital circularization may have occurred through tides acting on the star. Quasi-static tides, stellar winds, hydrodynamic drag and tides acting on the planet have likely played a minor role.We are grateful to G. I. Ogilvie for his important remarks and suggestions. SVC and PBI were supported in part by RFBR grants 15-02-08476 and 16-02-01043, by programme 7 of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences and also by Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for Support of the Leading Scientific Schools NSh-6595.2016.2

Formation of long-lived reactive products in blood serum under heat treatment and low-intensity laser irradiation, their role in hydrogen peroxide generation and DNA damage

Long-lived reactive protein products were shown to be evolved under heat treatment and low-intensity laser irradiation in blood serum in presence of dissolved oxygen from the air. These reactive protein products generate hydrogen peroxide for a long time, which results from conjugated electron-radical chain reactions. Long-lived reactive protein species play an important role in the adaptation of living systems to stress factors. Apparently, the formation of visible light- and heat-induced reactive protein species is not specific to just blood serum proteins, rather than it could also be a feature of other proteins

Formation of long-lived reactive products in blood serum under heat treatment and low-intensity laser irradiation, their role in hydrogen peroxide generation and DNA damage

214-223Long-lived reactive protein products were shown to be evolved under heat treatment and low-intensity laser irradiation in blood serum in presence of dissolved oxygen from the air. These reactive protein products generate hydrogen peroxide for a long time, which results from conjugated electron-radical chain reactions. Long-lived reactive protein species play an important role in the adaptation of living systems to stress factors. Apparently, the formation of visible light- and heat-induced reactive protein species is not specific to just blood serum proteins, rather than it could also be a feature of other proteins

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation of diffusion in metallic glass multilayer films

Lack of plasticity is one of the main disadvantages of metallic glasses. One of the solutions to this problem can be composite materials. Diffusion bonding is promising for composite fabrication. In the present work the diffusion process in glassy multilayer films was investigated. A combination of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM)methods and precision sputtering techniques allows visualization and study of diffusion in amorphous metallic layers with high resolution. Multilayered films were obtained by radio frequency sputter deposition of Zr-Cu and Zr-Pd. The multilayers were annealed under a high vacuum (10 −5 Pa)for 1 and 5 h at 400 °C, that is, well below the crystallization temperatures but very close to the glass-transition temperatures of both types of the glassy layer. The structural evolution in the deposited films was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that, despite the big differences in the atomic mass and size, Pd and Cu have similar diffusion coefficients. Surprisingly, 1 h of annealing results in formation of metastable copper nanocrystals in the Zr-Cu layers which, however, disappear after 5 h of annealing. This effect may be connected with nanovoid formation under a complex stress state evolving upon annealing, and is related to the exceptionally slow relaxation of the glassy layers sealed with a Ta overlayer.The authors acknowledge the financial support through the European Research Council under the ERC Advanced Grants INTELHYB (grant ERC-2013-ADG-340025) and ExtendGlass (grant ERC-2015-AdG-695487), the German Science Foundation (DFG) under the grant SO 1518/1-1, and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the ‘Increase Competitiveness’ program of NUST ‘MISiS’ (№ К2-2014-013 and К2-2017-089)

Network Physiology reveals relations between network topology and physiological function

The human organism is an integrated network where complex physiologic systems, each with its own regulatory mechanisms, continuously interact, and where failure of one system can trigger a breakdown of the entire network. Identifying and quantifying dynamical networks of diverse systems with different types of interactions is a challenge. Here, we develop a framework to probe interactions among diverse systems, and we identify a physiologic network. We find that each physiologic state is characterized by a specific network structure, demonstrating a robust interplay between network topology and function. Across physiologic states the network undergoes topological transitions associated with fast reorganization of physiologic interactions on time scales of a few minutes, indicating high network flexibility in response to perturbations. The proposed system-wide integrative approach may facilitate the development of a new field, Network Physiology.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Measuring the Hidden Aspects of Solar Magnetism

2008 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of astrophysical magnetic fields, when George Ellery Hale recorded the Zeeman splitting of spectral lines in sunspots. With the introduction of Babcock's photoelectric magnetograph it soon became clear that the Sun's magnetic field outside sunspots is extremely structured. The field strengths that were measured were found to get larger when the spatial resolution was improved. It was therefore necessary to come up with methods to go beyond the spatial resolution limit and diagnose the intrinsic magnetic-field properties without dependence on the quality of the telescope used. The line-ratio technique that was developed in the early 1970s revealed a picture where most flux that we see in magnetograms originates in highly bundled, kG fields with a tiny volume filling factor. This led to interpretations in terms of discrete, strong-field magnetic flux tubes embedded in a rather field-free medium, and a whole industry of flux tube models at increasing levels of sophistication. This magnetic-field paradigm has now been shattered with the advent of high-precision imaging polarimeters that allow us to apply the so-called "Second Solar Spectrum" to diagnose aspects of solar magnetism that have been hidden to Zeeman diagnostics. It is found that the bulk of the photospheric volume is seething with intermediately strong, tangled fields. In the new paradigm the field behaves like a fractal with a high degree of self-similarity, spanning about 8 orders of magnitude in scale size, down to scales of order 10 m.Comment: To appear in "Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun", eds. S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 200

Towards High Performance Relativistic Electronic Structure Modelling: The EXP-T Program Package

Modern challenges arising in the fields of theoretical and experimental physics require new powerful tools for high-precision electronic structure modelling; one of the most perspective tools is the relativistic Fock space coupled cluster method (FS-RCC). Here we present a new extensible implementation of the FS-RCC method designed for modern parallel computers. The underlying theoretical model, algorithms and data structures are discussed. The performance and scaling features of the implementation are analyzed. The software developed allows to achieve a completely new level of accuracy for prediction of properties of atoms and molecules containing heavy and superheavy nuclei

From correlation functions to Wilson loops

We start with an n-point correlation function in a conformal gauge theory. We show that a special limit produces a polygonal Wilson loop with $n$ sides. The limit takes the $n$ points towards the vertices of a null polygonal Wilson loop such that successive distances $x^2_{i,i+1} \to 0$. This produces a fast moving particle that generates a "frame" for the Wilson loop. We explain in detail how the limit is approached, including some subtle effects from the propagation of a fast moving particle in the full interacting theory. We perform perturbative checks by doing explicit computations in N=4 super-Yang-Mills.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures; typos corrected, references adde

On form factors in N=4 sym

In this paper we study the form factors for the half-BPS operators $\mathcal{O}^{(n)}_I$ and the $\mathcal{N}=4$ stress tensor supermultiplet current $W^{AB}$ up to the second order of perturbation theory and for the Konishi operator $\mathcal{K}$ at first order of perturbation theory in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory at weak coupling. For all the objects we observe the exponentiation of the IR divergences with two anomalous dimensions: the cusp anomalous dimension and the collinear anomalous dimension. For the IR finite parts we obtain a similar situation as for the gluon scattering amplitudes, namely, apart from the case of $W^{AB}$ and $\mathcal{K}$ the finite part has some remainder function which we calculate up to the second order. It involves the generalized Goncharov polylogarithms of several variables. All the answers are expressed through the integrals related to the dual conformal invariant ones which might be a signal of integrable structure standing behind the form factors.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figures, LATEX2