Posibility of Genetical Introgresion of Nordmann fir (Abies nordmaniana /Steven/ Spach) in Common Fir Forests (Abies alba Mill.) of Macelj and Trakošćan

U radu su prikazani rezultati molekularnih istraživanja varijabilnosti obične jele. Upotrebom PCR-a analizirana je mitohondrijska DNA (mtDNA), fragment DNA gena nad5-4. Istraživanja su provedena na biljkama iz 25 hrvatskih provenijencija i dvije slovenske provenijencije obične jele. Provedenim istraživanjem pronađena su dva haplotipa obične jele, apeninski i balkanski. Kod biljaka iz provenijencija Macelj i Trakošćan pronađeni su haplotipovi kavkaske jele, koja je najvjerovatnije unesena sadnjom sadnica, te je slobodnim križanjem s običnom jelom došlo do daljnje introgresije gena kavkaske jele u tamošnje populacije.European fir (Abies alba Mill.) is one of the most significant forest species of the Republic of Croatia. This paper presents research results of variability of mitohondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment nad5-4. By the use of molecular methods and PCR, two halotypes of European fir were found within the distribution range for this species in Croatia and a part of Slovenia. In provenances Macelj and Trakošćan, haplotypes of Nordmann’s silver fir (Abies nordmaniana /Steven/ Spach) were found and it is most likely that it was introduced by planting of seedlings and that further introgression of Nordmann´s silver fir genes into local population occurred through random cross-breeding with European fir

Comparative values of supra and subfascial approaches to insufficient preforant veins of the lower leg

Autor svoja zapažanja zasniva na rezultatima retrospektivne i prospektivne kliničke studije, kao i na ispitivanjima udaljenih rezultata operativnog liječenja. Retrospektivna studija obuhvaća analizu 106 operativno liječenih bolesnika sa insuficijencijom komunikantnih vena, u vremenu od 1. 01. 1980 do 31. 12. 1984 godine. U prospektivnoj studiji analizi je podvrgnuto 29 operiranih u vremenu od 1. 01. 1985. do 31. 12. 1985. Kod obje ove studije praćene su neposredne komplikacije i rezultati liječenja postignuti supra i subfascijalnim pristupima na insuficijentne komunikantne vene potkoljenice. U siječnju 1987. godine izvršena su ispitivanja udaljenih rezultata operativnog liječenja kod 91 bolesnika, što čini 67,4% od ukupnog broja operiranih. Rezultati dobijenih podataka kreću se u intervalu od 2 do 7 godina. Ukupan broj neposrednih komplikacija iznosi 17,7%, a najmanji je kod Edwardsova skubfascijalnog pristupa (4,8%). Bez obzira na izbor operativnog pristupa insuficijentnim komunikantnim venama, svuda su postignuti značajni rezultati, tj. svuda je preko 50% bolesnika izliječeno. Nešto povoljniji rezultati su postignuti kod subfascijalnih nego li kod suprafascijalnih pristupa, a kao najefikasniji se pokazao Edvvardsov pristup (91,7% izlječenja kod insuficijentnih komunikantnih vena i variksa te 88,8% izlječenja kod insuficijentnih komunikantnih vena, variksa i ulkusa). Udaljeni postoperativni rezultati povoljniji su kod subfascijalnih pristupa, a naročito kod Edvvardsove metode kada se ona kombinira sa stripingom insuficijentnih površnih vena i ekstirpacijom variksa (izlječenje u 43,7% slučajeva, a poboljšanje u 56,3%). Primjena raznih operativnih pristupa ukazuje na činjenicu da se još uvijek traži najprikladniji pristup za uklanjanje insuficijentnih komunikantnih vena i venske hipertenzije. Ako se usporede neposredni i udaljeni rezultati suprafascijalnih i subfascijalnih pristupa, onda je prednost na strani subfascijalnih metoda, a naročito Edwardsova pristupa. Sistematske operacije po Lintonu i Cockettu sve više ustupaju mjesto pojedinačnim subfascijalnim, odnosno suprafascijalnim resekcijama (ligiranje i presijecanje) insuficijentnih komunikantnih vena.The author’s own conclusions are based on the results of retrospective and prospective clinical studies as well as on the investigations of the long-term results of the operative treatment. The retrospective study comprises the analysis of 106 patients treated operatively for the insufficiency of perforant veins in the period from 1st January, 1980 to 31st December, 1984. The prospective study comprises the analysis of 29 patients treated operatively in the period from 1st January, 1985 to 31st December, 1985. In both studies immediate complications were followed-up as well as the results of the treatment by supra and subfascial approaches to the insufficient perforant vein of the lower leg. In January 1987 the investigation of the long-term results was performed in 91 patients, which is 67.4% of all operations. The results of the collected data range between 2 and 7 years. The total number of immediate complications is 17.7%, the least being with Edwards’ subfascial approach (4.8%). Regardless of the operative approach on insufficient perforant veins, significant results are always achieved, i.e. over 50% of patients are cured. Somewhat better results are achieved with the subfascial approach, as compared to the suprafascial, but Edwards’ approach seems to be the best (91% of patients with perforant vein insufficiency and varices and 88.8% of patients with perforant vein insufficiency, varices and ulcus completely cured). Long-term postoperative results are also better with subfascial approaches, especially with Edwards’ method combined with striping of the insufficient superficial veins and extirpation of varices (43.7% of cases cured and 56.3% improved). The application of different operative methods points to the fact that in the treatment of insufficient perforant veins and vein hypertension the best approach is still looked for. The comparison of immediate and long-term results of supra and subfascial methods gives advantage to the subfascial method, especially Edwards’ approach. More and more often, systematic operations according to Linton and Cockett give way to single supra or subfascial resections (ligation and dissection) of insufficient perforant veins

Medical treatment of the acute trombosis of the profound veins of inferior extremites : our experiences and results

U toku četiri godine (1983—1986), na Odsjeku za vaskularnu kirurgiju Odjela za kirurgiju Opće bolnice Osijek, liječena su 142 bolesnika od akutne tromboze dubokih vena donjih ekstremiteta. Autori iznose iskustva i rezultate liječenja ove bolesti, sa posebnim osvrtom na uspješnost pojedinih vidova primijenjene terapije. Naglašava se značaj pravovremene dijagnostike kao bitnoga elementa prilikom izbora terapijskog postupka.During the 4 year period (1983-1986) 142 patients with the trombosis of profound veins of inferior extremities were treated at the Department of Vascular surgery. The authors present their experience and results in the treatment of that disease, emphasising the specially good results of various treatments. An »in-time« diagnosis is essential for good results

Urban Planning and Development of Zagreb 1945-1952

U članku temeljenom na dokumentima gradske uprave i stručnoj publicistici autori donose pregled planiranja i izgradnje Zagreba 1945.-1952. Po stupnju projektantske kvalitete i kronologiji planiranja i izgradnje diferenciraju nekoliko gradskih područja i dvije etape 1945.-1946. i 1947.-1952. Najveća su dostignuća hrvatske arhitekture tada bili projekti zgrada upravnoga sklopa nove federalne Vlade u Beogradu i izgradnja u današnjoj Ulici grada Vukovara u Zagrebu.Based on city administration documents and professional literature the paper brings an overview of planning and development of Zagreb in 1945-52. According to the quality of architectural design and the development timeline it is possible to differentiate several city areas and two phases - 1945-46 and 1947-52. The greatest accomplishments of Croatian architecture in those periods were the Federal Yugoslav Government building in Belgrade and the buildings in the present Grada Vukovara Street

Forest genetic resources to support global bioeconomy

A biobased economy implies sustainable and effective use of the biomass. This includes new products from forestry. The sustainable production, use, consumption and waste management of biomass all contribute to a bioeconomy (The European Bioeconomy in 2030). In the context of bioeconomy the conservation of forest genetic resources assumes a key significance in overcoming global challenges such as climate change. Forests are expected to play a key role in climate change mitigation, but they will only be able to fulfil that role if the trees themselves are able to survive and adapt to changing climate conditions. Genetic diversity provides the fundamental basis for the evolution of forest tree species and for their adaptation to change. The enormous range of goods and services provided by trees and forests is both a function of and testimony to the genetic variability contained within them.  Conserving forest  genetic  resources  is  therefore  vital, as  they  constitute  a  unique  and  irreplaceable resource for the future, including for sustainable economic growth and progress and environmental adaption (The State of the Worlds Forest Genetic Resources 2014).Previous research of population characteristics and the effects of natural and artificial selection on the genetic structure of populations contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the gene pool of the native tree species. The balance model of the population genetic structure reveals the new properties of the populations and requires further investigations, especially of the relations of subpopulations, half-sib families and organisms and the effect of variable factors of the environment, on the exchange of genetic material within natural and cultural populations.Being of national and international significance, these resources require intensive protection and enhancement in situ and ex situ. In this paper a general introduction is given to conservation of forest genetic resources in Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia in the context of bio-economy. Based on the current situation of conservation of forest genetic resources, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of genetic conservation is given, taking into consideration the conservation objectives and future trends of great impact on existing forest genetic resources.

Forest genetic resources to support global bioeconomy

A biobased economy implies sustainable and effective use of the biomass. This includes new products from forestry. The sustainable production, use, consumption and waste management of biomass all contribute to a bioeconomy (The European Bioeconomy in 2030). In the context of bioeconomy the conservation of forest genetic resources assumes a key significance in overcoming global challenges such as climate change. Forests are expected to play a key role in climate change mitigation, but they will only be able to fulfil that role if the trees themselves are able to survive and adapt to changing climate conditions. Genetic diversity provides the fundamental basis for the evolution of forest tree species and for their adaptation to change. The enormous range of goods and services provided by trees and forests is both a function of and testimony to the genetic variability contained within them.  Conserving forest  genetic  resources  is  therefore  vital, as  they  constitute  a  unique  and  irreplaceable resource for the future, including for sustainable economic growth and progress and environmental adaption (The State of the Worlds Forest Genetic Resources 2014).Previous research of population characteristics and the effects of natural and artificial selection on the genetic structure of populations contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the gene pool of the native tree species. The balance model of the population genetic structure reveals the new properties of the populations and requires further investigations, especially of the relations of subpopulations, half-sib families and organisms and the effect of variable factors of the environment, on the exchange of genetic material within natural and cultural populations.Being of national and international significance, these resources require intensive protection and enhancement in situ and ex situ. In this paper a general introduction is given to conservation of forest genetic resources in Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia in the context of bio-economy. Based on the current situation of conservation of forest genetic resources, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of genetic conservation is given, taking into consideration the conservation objectives and future trends of great impact on existing forest genetic resources.

Začetak oplemenjivanja božićnih drvaca u Hrvatskoj

U Hrvatskoj je registrirano 1305 uzgajivača (tzv. dobavljača) i 358 ha nasada božićnih drvaca. U 2016. godini proizvedeno je 2 574 212 božićnih drvaca (minimalne visine 20 cm). Naši uzgajivači uglavnom nemaju genetski kvalitetan, testiran reprodukcijski materijal koji bi se odlikovao stabilnošću poželjnih fenotipskih svojstava, što, među ostalim, rezultira velikim varijacijama u kvaliteti njihova konačnoga proizvoda. Međutim, za proizvodnju ornamentalno visokovrijednih božićnih drvaca potrebno je raspolagati kvalitetnim genotipovima koji će se uzgajati u primjereno optimalnim okolišnim uvjetima. Samo podjednakom brigom za obje navedene sastavnice (genotip i okoliš) može se postići uspješna proizvodnja visokokvalitetnih drvaca. Zbog toga smo odlučili pokrenuti proces oplemenjivanja radi stvaranja i proizvodnje domaćega genetski poboljšanoga reprodukcijskoga materijala božićnih drvaca. U ovom su radu opisane faze i dinamika izvedbe započetoga oplemenjivanja naših dviju autohtonih vrsta – obične smreke i obične jele. Kao ciljna fenotipska svojstva izabrane su gustoća krošnje, oblik krošnje i debla te raspored iglica na izbojcima. Definirani su i opisani kriteriji za ocjenjivanje ciljnih fenotipskih svojstava odnosno kriteriji provedene selekcije plus stabala u dostupnim matičnim populacijama. Kandidati jedinke su izabrani u kategoriju plus jedinke ako im je ponderirana ukupna ocjena fenotipske kvalitete bila barem jednu standardnu devijaciju viša od aritmetičke sredine pripadajuće populacije. Teorijski raspon ponderiranih ocjena kretao se od 2,0 (2,6) do 5,0, pri čemu je viša ocjena značila veću fenotipsku kvalitetu. Ukupno je ocijenjeno 65 kandidata stabala obične smreke. Selekcijski kriterij zadovoljilo je šest kandidata s ocjenama u rasponu od 4,0 do 4,5. U matičnoj populaciji obične jele ukupno je ocijenjeno 90 kandidata stabala. Od toga je selekcijski kriterij zadovoljilo 15 kandidata s ocjenama u rasponu od 4,1 do 4,8. Izabrane plus jedinke začetak su kolekcije biljnoga materijala koji će poslužiti za daljnje faze procesa oplemenjivanja

Use of a Common Garden Experiment in Selecting Adapted Beech Provenances for Artificial Stand Restoration

Increased frequency of extreme weather events has seriously affected forestry operations in south-eastern Europe. A precondition for effective artificial restoration of disturbed forest stands is site-adapted forest reproductive material (FRM). Common garden experiments (provenance trials) may assist in selecting such FRM. The main objective of this study was to establish among-provenance variation pattern using data from a beech provenance trial. Usefulness of the results in selecting seed sources for restoration of European beech stands is discussed. The trial was set up in 2007, at a slope of Medvednica mount facing north-west at 730-750 m above sea level. Plant heights were measured and survival scored in 2008 and 2015. Height increments were calculated and processed to determine variance components due to various effects. Highly significant provenance-by-block interaction was revealed, indicating strong microsite effects on provenance performances. Therefore, corrections were made and provenance mean height increments recalculated. Provenance mean height increment multiplied with survival was used as a measure of a provenance’s adaptedness. Regression tree (RT) analysis was used to determine the pattern of among-provenance variations. A set of provenance clus­ters was grown using climatic variables related to the provenance stands of origin as criteria. All analyzed effects were significant (provenance: F=2.07, p750m), had the highest mean AI (143.9±8.4 cm). The lowest mean AI (106.7±14.8 cm) had cluster 1, containing provenances from lower altitudes with lower mean July temperatures (≤18.4°C). Provenances originating from lower elevations with higher mean July temperatures (>18.4°C) were further divided into two clusters due to the SHM variable. Cluster 2 had the second highest mean AI (141.2±1.5 cm) and contained provenances from relatively wetter habitats (SHM≤48.2). Cluster 3, containing provenances from relatively arid habitats (SHM>48.2), had significantly lower mean AI (116.8±8.6 cm). Established among-provenance variation pattern might be used as a tool in selecting seed sources for artificial restoration of beech stands at mount Medvednica. It is advisable to use FRM from higher altitudes and/or from slightly lower altitudes (up to 150 m lower than a restoring site) but featured with warmer and drier conditions compared to the trial. Generally, provenance trials should be utilized as a valuable decision tool in restoring disturbed forest stands but may also be misleading if not well designed and analyzed