Koliko je akuzativ mjere okamenjen?

U radu će biti riječi o imenicama koje označuju mjeru i koje se redovito pojavljuju u akuzativu iako bi sintaktički na tome mjestu trebao doći koji drugi oblik. Učestalom upotrebom u akuzativnome obliku te imenice gube svoje osnovno morfološko obilježje – promjenjivost, a time i svoju nedvojbenu pripadnost imenicama kao vrsti riječi i nameću pitanje kako ih obraditi u rječniku.In this paper the author analyzes nouns which are used to determine measure (such as stotinu, tisuću, godinu, tjedan…). They usually come in a frozen form, formally accusative, although syntactic rules require another form. The loss of declension is old phenomenon for numerals like stotinu, tisuću but they have also developed a new meaning – 'a lot', which should be taken into consideration. They have the syntactic function of quantifiers. Frozen forms like godinu, tjedan... should also be described as quantifiers since they are very common in that frozen accusative form

Parni prijedlozi

U radu će biti obrađeni prijedlozi koji se često pojavljuju u paru: od i do, iz i u, s i na. Učestalom uporabom u tim parovima navedeni prijedlozi nadilaze svoja pojedinačna primarna semantička i sintaktička obilježja. Na njihovu strukturnu i semantičku cjelovitost upućuje i frazeološka uporaba.In this paper the authors consider prepositions that often appear in pairs (e.g. od and do, iz and u, s and na), showing semantic and structural pair integrity (showing, namely, that such prepositions only become meaningful in pairs). This integrity can also be seen in their frequent idiomatic use. The paper provides a thorough outline of preposition pair analysis in dictionaries and of their status in literature. It is demonstrated that preposition pair analysis in Croatian monolingual dictionaries is inconsistent, i.e. nonsystematized. The following analyzes semantic features of such prepositions and classifies them into several groups according to their meaning. Furthermore, the paper considers syntactic features of such prepositions (they are used as adverbials, attributes or parts of nominal predicates). When it comes to identification of syntactic (sentence) idiom function, the authors point out that some structural types are predetermined for particular syntactic functions, e.g. all structurally verbal idioms with preposition pairs in this paper are of the verbal categorical meaning, and they will all have a predicative function in the sentence. In conclusion, the paper proposes a preposition pair methodology for monolingual dictionaries of the contemporary Croatian language, and provides a model of preposition pair idiom analysis

Akuzativne dopune zu neprijelazne glagole : što su unutrašnji objekti?

U radu se promatraju akuzativne dopune uz desetak neprijelaznih glagola u hrvatskome jeziku te se razmatra njihova pripadnost kategoriji unutrašnjih objekata. Uspoređuju se sintaktička i semantička svojstva takvih dopuna: broj imenica koje se pojavljuju uz neprijelazni glagol, obvezatnost modifikacije imenice, paralelnost instrumentalnih i akuzativnih sintagmā, mogućnost parafraze instrumentalnom sintagmom te mogućnost pronominalizacije i pasivizacije. Autorice zaključuju da sve dopune istraživanih neprijelaznih glagola ne pripadaju istomu tipu dopuna te ih je potrebno gramatički i terminološki razdvojiti. Također pretpostavljaju da unutrašnji objekti u hrvatskome mogu imati argumentno i adjunktno čitanje, što je u skladu s nekim nedavno iznesenim tvrdnjama za druge jezike.The paper discusses about ten Croatian intransitive verbs, which can occur together with accusative marked noun phrases. The authors claim that the verbs can be divided into two groups according to some semantic and syntactic parameters which they apply to the verbs’ accusative complements. The accusative marked complements of first group verbs which comprise so called sport verbs and the verb disati ‘to breath’, differ in many respects from the accusative complements of the second group. The complements of the first group verbs show some common properties: there are several nouns which can occur with these verbs in accusative case, the nouns do not need to be modified, there is no parallel instrumental NP with some semantic resemblance, and nouns can be sometimes pronominalised and passivised. In the second group accusative complements are sometimes restricted to only one lexical noun which is of the same root as the verb, there is a parallel instrumental phrase with similar or identical semantics, and modification is almost obligatory. The nouns of the second group differ in respect to pronominalisation and passivisation. The authors argue that the accusative NPs of the verbs in the second group are cognate objects and that they can have both argumental and adjunct status

Figure of woman heroines in croatian literary works of Marko Marulić

U radu se razmatra tema ženskih junakinja u biblijsko-verilgijanskom epu Judita i religioznoj poemi Suizana Marka Marulića. Naglasak je u ovom radu na analizi junačkih pothvata starozavjetnih junakinja, te kršćanskim moralnim vrijednostima kojima se rad uvelike posvećuje. Pored dominirajuće renesansne poetike, uvođenjem petrarkističkih motiva u opisu ženskih likova, Marulić nasljeđuje i domaću tradiciju i antičku. U radu su analizirane vrline koje su potkrepljenje citatima iz samih djela kako bi se dokazalo njihovo junaštvo.In this literaly work in the focus are female protagonists from the biblical virgilian epic Judita and religious poem Susana from author Marko Marulić. Emphasis is placed in the analysis of heroic undertakings of heroines from the Old Testament and a christian moral values that work largely are devoted to. Besides dominanting renaissance poetry Marulić inherited local and ancient tradition. Virtues are analyzed. In the analysis there are the corroborations from literary works to prove their prowess

A Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos) Malassezia Pachydermatis Yeast Isolates on the Territory of the Republic of Croatia

Smeđi medvjed (Ursus arctos) najveća je kopnena zvijer koja nastanjuje područja Gorskog kotara i Like te je uvršten na popis ugroženih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta Hrvatske. Gljivica Malassezia pachydermatis, koja se smatra oportunističkim patogenom, uslijed određenih predisponirajućih čimbenika često uzrokuje različite patološke promjene na koži kućnih ljubimaca, ali i domaćih i divljih životinja. Do danas postoji vrlo malo podataka o prisutnosti i ulozi gljivice M. pachydermatis na koži medvjeda. Opći cilj ovog istraživanja bio je izolirati genomsku DNK i optimizirati izolaciju genomske DNK iz kultura M. pachydermatis naraslih na dvije različite hranjive podloge. Specifičan cilj bio je umnožavanje specifičnog odsječka DNK uz pomoć početnica za dva genetička biljega, ITS1 i LSU, u svrhu ustanovljavanja genetičke raznolikosti gljivice M. pachydermatis u smeđeg medvjeda (Ursus arctos) na području Republike Hrvatske. Genomska DNK izolirana je iz narasle kulture gljivice M. pachydermatis komercijalno dostupnim kitom, specifični odsječci DNK (ITS1 i LSU regija) umnoženi su lančanom reakcijom polimeraze te je analiziran slijed nukleotida. Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata ustanovljeno da umnoženi odsječci DNK svojom veličinom odgovaraju objavljenim veličinama ITS1 i LSU regije. Osim toga uočeno je da u analiziranim regijama postoje određene specifičnosti u slijedu nukleotida te da je LSU regija u odnosu na ITS1 znatno bolje očuvana. Navedeni preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na potencijalnu evolucijsku očuvanost koju je potrebno potvrditi analizom većeg broja uzoraka i uključivanjem dodatnih molekularnih metoda.The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the largest terrestrial carnivore that inhabits the Mountain District of Gorski kotar and the geographical area of Lika. It is included in the red list of the endangered species in Croatia. Malassezia pachydermatis yeast, which is considered an opportunistic pathogen, causes various pathological skin disorders in pets under certain predisposing conditions, as well as in domestic and wild animals. There is very little data about the presence and role of M. pachydermatis on the bear skin. The first aim of the study was to optimize a genomic DNA extraction protocol from the M. pachydermatis culture growing on two different culture media. The specific aim was the amplification of particular DNA fragments using ITS1 and LSU primer sequences in order to describe the genetic variation of Malassezia pachydermatis yeast in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) on the territory of Croatia. The frozen archived yeast strains were grown on two different culture media, the genomic DNA was isolated using a commercially available kit and the specific DNA fragments (ITS1 and LSU regions) were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The results have shown that the isolated yeast colonize both the epithelium of the ear canal and the perianal area of the brown bear. The multiplied DNA fragments correspond to the previously published length of the ITS1 and LSU regions. It has been noticed that the analyzed regions contain certain varieties of the nucleotide sequence and that the LSU region is much better preserved than the ITS1 region. These preliminary results indicate possible evolutionary preservation, which needs to be further explored by analyzing a larger number of samples and by introducing additional molecular research methods

The Female and Male World in Croatian Proverbs

Proverbs as concise textual structures are primarily defined as oral (folk) literary forms in which universal thoughts are expressed on the basis of individual experiences understandable to speakers of the language, i.e., of the social com munity in which they originated. In relation to, for example, idioms, the use of proverbs in today’s public discourse is much rarer, and proverbs in Croatian are most often recorded in printed form, while online edited lexicographic sources of proverbs are rare. Folk customs, human character and physical features, social and religious values, the relation of human and nature are the most common motives in proverbs. Male-female relationships are also the subject of numerous proverbs. Given the past times when they were created, they can be considered the source of a stereotypical image of the status of women and men in society that exists in human consciousness. Based on proverbs with the component woman, grand mother, mother, daughter, sister, girlfriend, widow, father, son, husband…, this paper will analyze proverbs with the topic of male-female relations, e.g. Ljubav daj ženi, ali tajnu odaj samo majci i sestri. (Give your love to your wife, but reveal the secret only to your mother and sister.), or proverbs referring to an individual feature attributed to a man or a woman, e.g., Kakvo drvo, takav klin, kakav otac takav sin. (Like tree, like wedge; like father, like son.)., Ženi sina kad hoćeš, a kćer kad možeš. (Marry a son when you want and a daughter when you can.). The analysis includes the following: 1. representation of proverbs in other lexicographic (printed and online sources), 2. representation of such proverbs in contemporary public discourse, 3. structural and semantic features of proverbs motivated by male-female relationships. In conclusion, the role of proverbs on the topic of male and female in the contemporary context is discussed – what is their perspective and whether the corpus has replaced traditional recorders and word of mouth toda

Prepositions Expressing Means: kroz, pomoću, posredstvom, preko, putem, s pomoću, uz pomoć between Norm and Usage

The article describes the prepositions kroz, pomoću, posredstvom, preko, putem, s pomoću, uz pomoć that are used to express means. Normative recommendations are noted by which these prepositions are usually marked in our dictionaries and in normative literature, and there are numerous examples demonstrating their usage. Although all these prepositions are marked as more or less non-normative, they are very widely used