Foreword by Ivanka Stričević*, guest editor

This issue of Libellarium includes papers from the invited speakers who gave lectures at the Summer School in User Studies (SSUS) organized by the Department of Information Sciences and held at the University of Zadar, 11. - 14. April, 2012. The SSUS is associated with the Knowledge Society and Information Transfer PhD programme at the Department of Information Sciences at the University of Zadar. This programme is designed for Croatian and international doctoral students in the field of theories and studies of information needs and use, as well as the field of reading and learning concepts and strategies in digital environment. The main goal of the Summer School 2012 was to introduce the participants to the most recent research, the latest developments and the newly emerged concepts in the fields of users’ information behaviour, learning and education in the digital age, information literacy theories and concepts, as well as the reading paradigms. In the recent times the information society changes rapidly which influences processing and the approaches to information while it changes the existing paradigms of learning and education. New literacies emerge and reading, as the key competency necessary to access the information, changes its forms and practices. The SUSS organized the above mentioned issues in three segments: Users’ information behaviour, Literacy and reading in the digital environment, and Learning and education in the digital age. In the Users’ information behaviour segment this issue of Libellarium contains articles from two invited speakers and two doctoral students who discuss the subject from different viewpoints. Paul Sturges starts with the assumption that people are much more dependent than they realise on information and ideas that are acquired and processed by areas of the brain, not always immediately accessible to the conscious mind. Polona Vilar discusses information behaviour of scholars and scholarly practice influenced by increased accessibility of digital resources and tools. Doctoral students Dora Rubinić and Darko Lacović base their literature reviews on the specific context of university students’ information behaviour. The former review deals with information behavior of university students in general, while the latter one deals with university students’ information behaviour in relation to the role of academic libraries. Four invited speakers discuss literacy and reading in the digital environment. Livija Knaflič presents literacy as a complex phenomenon and focuses her work toward psychological aspects of literacy. Sonja Špiranec investigates information literacy in the context of Web 2.0 which transformed information environments into complex and unstructured places so the contexts of information literacy are being re-examined and reshaped respectively. Ivanka Kuić writes about the postmodern theoretical approaches to the reader and the validity of these approaches in the digital environment while emphasizing that existing concepts of the reader and reading adapt to electronic environment, because the electronic text deconstructs the printed one and it changes the way of reading. Vita Mozuraite discusses these rapid changes in the reading paradigm in the age of e-book to which the young readers are especially susceptible considering their frequent use of the internet. The changes in information environment influence learning. This fact demands careful consideration from education experts in order to achieve the maximal degree of the rich media environment contribution to the quality of education. Hence, Milan Matijević writes about the influence the e-environment has on the new curriculum paradigms. These papers are the starting point for the new directions of thought about the changes in the digital environment that reflect on information behaviour, learning and the related practices. The papers were received in 2012/2013 and were peer reviewed in 2013/2014. * Department of Information Sciences, University of Zadar, Croatia e-mail: [email protected]

ZUSAMMENARBEIT MIT ELTERN IN KINDERBUCHEREIEN Moglichkeiten und Perspektiven

Zbog važnosti koju ima usklađenost čimbenika organiziranog izvanobiteljskog odgoja s odgojnim utjecajima u obitelji, posljednjih se desetljeća posebna pozornost pridaje suradnji s roditeljima. Pojam suradnje s roditeljima mijenjao se usporedo s traganjem za novim i djelotvornijim oblicima rada s roditeljima, pa on danas podrazumijeva i najsloženiji oblik suradnje, a to je uključivanje roditelja u neposredan odgojno-obrazovni proces. Takav oblik suradnje nailazi na niz zapreka u praksi. Najznačajnijim su se pokazale one koje se odnose na stručnjaka-odgojitelja, od kojeg se očekuje da prihvati roditelja kao partnera. Iako je u igraonicama u dječjim knjižnicama uobičajena prisutnost roditelja u vrijeme dječje igre, mogućnost da se roditelji uključe u rad s djecom u igraonici izaziva nepovjerenje odgojitelja, jednako kao i u ustanovama predškolskog odgoja gdje roditelji nisu kontinuirano prisutni. Rezultati akcijskog istraživanja koje je pratilo razvijanje programa rada s roditeljima u igraonici, nazvanog "Druženje djece i odraslih", pokazali su da su negativna očekivanja odgojitelja glede uključivanja roditelja u rad s djecom neutemeljena. Postupna spoznaja odgojitelja o neispunjenju njihovih strahovanja od ugrožavanja kompetencija djelovala je poticajno na razvijanje programa i u velikoj mjeri na njegovu uspješnost.Because of the importance of coordinating the factors of organized out-of-family upbringing with such influences within the family, in the last few decades special attention has been given to cooperation with parents. The concept of cooperation with parents has changed in accordance with the search for new, more efficient forms of work with parents, thus today it implies the most complex form of cooperation, and that is the inclusion of parents directly into the process of education. Such a form of cooperation is confronted with numerous obstacles in real life. The most significant were those that related to the expert-educator, of whom it was expected to accept the parent as a partner. Although in children\u27s library playrooms the presence of parents is quite customary during play time, the possibility for parents to be included in the games their children are playing makes the librarians distrustful as it does the kindergarten teachers where parents are not continually present. The results of action research which followed the development of the project including parents in the playrooms, called "Association of children and parents", have proven that the negative expectations of the educators regarding parents\u27 participation in children\u27s play were unfounded. As the educators gradually realized that the fears of their competence being threatened had not come true, they became supportive of the project and are largely responsible for its success.Da die Ubereinstimmung der Faktoren organisierter auBerfamiliarer Erziehung mit der Wirksamkeit der Familienerziehung sehr wichtig ist, wendet man sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern zu. Der Begriff der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern anderte sich mit der Suche nach neuen und wirksameren Formen dieser Zusammenarbeit, so daB man heute darunter auch die komplexeste Form der Zusammenarbeit versteht, d.h die Miteinbeziehung der Eltern in den unmittelbaren Erziehungs- und BildungsprozeB. In der Praxis stost man dabei jedoch auf eine ganze Reihe von Hindernissen. Am gewichtigsten erwiesen sich jene, die sich auf ausgebiidete Padagogen beziehen, von denen man erwartet, daB sie die Eltern als Partner akzeptieren. Wenn sich auch die Anwesenheit von Eltern wahrend der Spielzeiten in KinderbOchereien eingebOrgert hat, so weckt doch die Maglichkeit ihrer Mitwirkung das MiBtrauen der Padaqoqen: dasselbe gilt fOr Vorschuleinrichtungen, wo Eltern nicht standig anwesend sind. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungsaktion "Kinder und Eltern zusammen", die den Ablauf eines Arbeitsprogramms fOr Eltern in KinderbOchereien verfolgte, zeigten, daB die negativen Erwartungen der Padagogen bezOglich des Anschlusses von Eltern an die Arbeit mit Kindern unbegrOndet sind. Die schrittweise Einsicht der Padagogen in die Unrichtigkeit ihrer BefOrchtungen, man werde sie in ihrer Kompetenz gefahrden, wirkte anregend auf den Ablauf des Programms und trug zu einem groBen Teil zu seinem Erfolg bei

Adolescent information behaviour in everyday life decision making

Purpose. Within the field of information science, adolescent information behaviour as a part of the general decision making process is a relatively under-examined area. The way adolescents interact with information when making decisions influences decision outcomes and consequently affects their lives. Therefore, the study of information behaviour in the decision making process is an important area for research development. The goal of this paper is to take a step to advance research in this direction by reviewing what has been learnt and offering directions for future work. Methodology. The existing publications reporting the research on adolescent information behaviour related to making everyday life decisions within the information science field were investigated using content analysis methodology. Twenty articles were selected and analysed in the following aspects: information behaviour, including information seeking, passive information acquisition and information avoidance, information sources, barriers to information seeking, information use and affective experiences. Findings. It was found that the research on the topic of decision making within the information science field is scarce. Few studies focus specifically on adolescent information behaviour for making everyday life decisions and they consider only one specific decision situation. The existing work reveals that adolescents employ a wide range of information behaviour when making decisions in everyday life, both active and passive: information seeking, passive information acquisition which encompasses passive search and passive attention, community approach, deferring information seeking and information avoidance. They use a variety of information sources, and source selection depends on internal and external factors. They face barriers which impede information seeking and use information to increase knowledge on decision situations and therefore help the decision making process. Adolescent information behaviour in this context proved to be accompanied with affective experiences. Limitations. Some limitations of the study refer to the coverage of the literature from the information science field, to the selection of the relevant literature and to summarizing of the findings given the limitations of the form, i.e. a single chapter. Originality. This study tackles one of the barely touched areas in information science and youth information behaviour research and raises some important questions which need to be addressed

Picture-books: first structured reading materials for children

Cilj je rada na temelju postojeće literature objediniti relevantne spoznaje o povijesnom razvoju nakladništva slikovnica, karakteristikama slikovnica, funkcijama koje razvija, primjerenosti u odnosu na dob te kvaliteti slikovnica. U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja do kojih se došlo analizom dokumentacije Hrvatskoga centra za dječju knjigu i koji govore o nakladništvu suvremene slikovnice, kao i spoznaje o jeziku slikovnica. Slikovnica predstavlja prvi susret djeteta s književnošću i pisanom riječju općenito, a ostvaruje se u čovjekovu najosjetljivijem razdoblju, djetinjstvu, pa je stoga nužno voditi brigu o kvaliteti slikovnice radi djetetove dobrobiti. Hrvatske slikovnice objavljene u prošlosti, od samih početaka pojave slikovnica pa do početka 80-ih godina 20. stoljeća, sustavno su istražene do određene razine. No slikovnice koje su na hrvatskom tržištu i u knjižnicama prisutne u posljednjih trideset godina rijetko su predmet istraživanja. Svrha je ovoga rada aktualizirati tematiku slikovnica, produbiti svijest o važnosti postojanja kvalitetne slikovnice zbog potencijala koje posjeduje te potaknuti kontinuirana istraživanja slikovnice u različitim znanstvenim i umjetničkim područjima.Early literacy has recently become a current topic, and there’s a widespread belief that literacy startsdeveloping almost as soon as the child is born, if the child is surrounded with adequate materials and persons who will motivate the development of literacy. The first structured reading materials that a child interacts with are picture-books. It is usually the first contact a child has with literature and a written word in general, and it happens during childhood, the child\u27s most sensitive period, which is why it is important to pay special attention to the quality of picture-books. Croatian picture-books published till the early 80ies of the past century have been investigated to a some extent. However, the picture-books found on the Croatian market and in the libraries in the past 30 years have been the subject of research only sporadically. There\u27s little data on the quality and features of this multifunctional material that is of such great importance for children. The aim of the paper is to give an overview of the relevant data found in literature on the historical development of picture-book publishing, their features, functions they help develop, their age-appropriateness, and quality. The paper presents research results stemming from the analysis of the Croatian Children\u27s Book Centre documentation on contemporary picture-book publishing and data on the language of picture-books that are the result of a picture-book corpus study made as part of the PhD research by the author. The data on contemporary authors and illustrators was obtained by analysing the documentation of the Croatian Library Association, Commission for library services for children and youth. The language of the picture-book corpus was analysed using a computer programme, i.e. the analysis was conducted of the lexical diversity of picture-books for three-year olds. The picture-books have not been investigated from the linguistic perspective before, which makes this research innovative. The findings and results of this research can be applicable in picture-book publishing, first of all in changing the attitude of publishers, i.e. their approach to age-appropriateness and quality of picture-books. The aim of the paper is to give on overview of the picture-book situation, trying to raise awareness of the importance of their quality and potential, and spark off further picture-book research in different fields of arts and sciences. Thus, this paper will have an indirect practical value that may affect the current practice

Odabiranje izvora informacija potrebnih u svakodnevnim životnim situacijama

Cilj. Cilj je rada predstaviti istraživanje o načinu na koji adolescenti odabiru izvore informacija koje su im potrebne u svakodnevnim životnim situacijama. Rezultati daju uvid u kriterije kojima se adolescenti vode pri odabiru izvora. Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Pristup je istraživanju dominantno induktivan i interpretativan, a sekvencijalni slijed istraživanja uključuje tri faze. Rezultati predstavljeni u radu nastali su na temelju podataka prikupljenih u trećoj fazi istraživanja, u individualnim intervjuima u kojima je sudjelovalo 18 učenika. Rezultati. Ispitanici se pri odabiru izvora vode kriterijima koji se grupiraju u četiri tipa: (1) kriteriji koji su povezani s kredibilitetom i kognitivnim autoritetom izvora, (2) kriteriji koji izražavaju kvalitetu odnosa osobnog izvora i osobe koja traži informacije, (3) kriteriji koji odražavaju namjeru da se osigura dostupnost i jednostavno, brzo i lako stjecanje informacija te (4) kriteriji koji vode stjecanju informacija u formatima koji  su privlačni i lako razumljivi. Jedino vođenje kriterijima prvog tipa pri odabiru izvora informacija jamči da odabrani izvor pruža kvalitetne informacije. Ograničenja. Rezultati izražavaju stajališta i ponašanja ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju i ne predstavljaju populaciju koja nije obuhvaćena srednjoškolskim obrazovanjem. Praktična primjena. Spoznaje dobivene istraživanjem primjenjive su u osmišljavanju programa informacijskog opismenjavanja mladih te edukacije za donošenje informiranih odluka u svakodnevnom životu. Originalnost/vrijednost. Rad donosi nove spoznaje o kriterijima koje adolescenti koriste pri odabiru izvora informacija te ih stavlja u kontekst dosadašnjih istraživanja. Istraživanje obuhvaća informacijsko ponašanje adolescenata u svakodnevnom životu, što je nedovoljno istražena tema u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad je nastao na temelju disertacije pod nazivom Understanding adolescent information behav   ior from the perspective of informed decision making process, pod mentorstvom prof. dr. sc. Ivanke Stričević i komentorstvom dr. sc. Colleen Cool, prof. emerite te je obranjena na Sveučilištu u Zadru 2020. godine

Library services for babies and toddlers and their families in Croatia

Međunarodna knjižničarska zajednica pridaje veliku pozornost knjižničnim uslugama za djecu najranije dobi i njihove roditelje pa IFLA 2007. godine objavljuje Smjernice za knjižnične usluge za bebe i djecu rane dobi. Rana dob je vrijeme najintenzivnijeg razvoja i ono što je u toj dobi propušteno, teško se kasnije nadoknađuje. Smjernice ne obvezuju, ali jasno naglašavaju da je dostupnost knjižničnih usluga za ove korisnike od iznimne važnosti u zagovaranju čitanja i razvoju govora, te u razvijanju navike posjeta knjižnici, što pridonosi društvenoj uključenosti obitelji u zajednicu. Tijekom 2011. godine, Komisija za knjižnične usluge za djecu i mladež HKD-a provela je istraživanje o knjižničnim uslugama za djecu rane dobi i roditelje koje se provode u hrvatskim narodnim knjižnicama. Podaci su prikupljeni u 61 narodnoj knjižnici, od kojih gotovo polovica provodi navedene usluge. Rad sadrži pregled rezultata i raspravu u kontekstu suvremenih spoznaja o važnosti knjižničnih usluga za djecu rane dobi i roditelje.International library community pays a lot of attention to library services intended for children from the earliest age and their parents, so that in 2007 IFLA published the Guidelines for Library Services to Babies and Toddlers. The early age is a period of the most intense development and what is missed at the time is very hard to make up for later on in life. The guidelines are not binding but rather stress clearly that the availability of library services for this user group is of vital importance in advocating reading and oral skills development as well as promoting regular library membership habits, thus contributing to a greater social inclusion of the family into the community. In 2011, the Commission for Library Services for Children and Young Adults of Croatian Library Association conducted research on library services for children in the early age and their parents in Croatian public libraries. The data were gathered in 61 public libraries, the half of which offer the mentioned services. The research paper includes the results of the survey and discussion in the context of contemporary findings on the importance of library services for children from the earliest age and their parents

Children's librarians' competencies: how do they know the literature for patrons

Jedna od ključnih kompetencija koje dječji knjižničari moraju posjedovati jest poznavanje i prosuđivanje literature za djecu ˗ knjiga, časopisa, audiovizualnih materijala, mrežnih stranica i ostalih elektroničkih i drugih izvora da bi u knjižnične zbirke uključivali što aktualniju, raznolikiju i značajniju građu koja odgovara razvojnim osobitostima djece i potrebama i interesima svakog pojedinca. Razina kompetencije u ovom području odražava se prije svega na kvalitetu knjižničnih zbirki, a utječe i na nabavnu politiku knjižnice. Na tu se kompetenciju izravno nadovezuje usluga preporuke kvalitetne literature djeci i za djecu te druge informacijsko-referentne usluge. Također, od nje kreće osmišljavanje različitih knjižničnih programa kao što je, primjerice, poticanje čitanja te savjetodavni rad s roditeljima u području čitanja djeci. Postavlja se pitanje kako je moguće izgraditi i održavati kvalitetne knjižnične zbirke, a potom i razvijati i osmišljavati ostale programe i usluge na primjeren način, te koji se zahtjevi postavljaju pred knjižničare u smislu poznavanja literature za djecu koja je dostupna na tržištu. U radu se donose rezultati provedenog istraživanja o tome koliko dječji knjižničari županijskih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj poznaju slikovnice za djecu i knjige za djecu mlađe dobi, razmatraju se mogući razlozi nedovoljno razvijenih kompetencija knjižničara u tom području, te predlažu moguća rješenja problema.One of the key competencies for a children’s librarian is to know and evaluate literature for children ˗ books, periodicals, audiovisual materials, websites and other electronic sources, etc. In this respect, children’s librarians can add the most recent and relevant materials to the library collections, meeting both the developmental characteristics of children and needs or interests of each individual. The level of competence in this area is primarily reflected in the quality of library collections, and the impact on library acquisition policy. In addition, it is directly linked with recommending quality literature for children service and other information and reference services. Furthermore, being familiar with the literature for children as well as knowing how to evaluate it professionally has a large impact on the design of various library programs such as the promotion of reading and consulting with parents. Construction of the respective collections is considered to be the basis for the development of most other services. The question is whether it is possible to build and maintain the quality of library collections, and to appropriately design and develop other programs and services if a librarian is not familiar with the published literature. This paper will bring the results of the research aimed to explore the extent to which children’s librarians of the county libraries in Croatia are familiar with the picture books for children and books for younger children. Additionally, it will discuss possible reasons for underdeveloped competencies in this area, and suggest some solutions for the existing problems